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Tuesday, January 12, 2021

The Crazy Justice System?, Random Stuff, and More

- after taking a look at the medical industrial complex it's now the turn of the legal industrial complex?
Radical as reality itself
law and disorder podcast
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=simpsons+lawyer
The Simpsons - Best of Lionel Hutz
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7cVNgzIlFPc
The Simpsons - Best Of Lionel Hutz
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUhamxPnY_I
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ted+law+and+order
Ted 2 (2_10) Movie CLIP - Law & Order & Porn (2015) HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jot1h4tgY6M
Ted 2 Law and order/Computer scene
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKWJYZfRUmo
TED 2 - Law & Order And Porn
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u1tpMlb3tB4
TED 2 | Clip - Ted And John Watch Law And Order
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AJagZ9QptYQ
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=a+few+good+men+you+can%27t+handle+the+truth+scene
A Few Good Men - You Can't Handle The Truth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=haxwI6ODL8U
A Few Good Men  'You can't handle the truth!' scene  (HD)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W7RH8kSkXlY
You Can't Handle the Truth! - A Few Good Men (7_8) Movie CLIP (1992) HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9FnO3igOkOk
- it's obvious that the criminal justice system is dysfunctional? It's just a revolving door for a lot of people? If you dig deeper then you suspect that a lot of mentally ill people, homeless, even lonely people, etc... are in there because they want to and have no real options in the "real world"?
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/people-politics-law/politics-policy-people/sociology/does-prison-work/content-section-0
https://www.zerohedge.com/health/school-prison-pipeline-exposed-30000-kids-under-age-10-arrested-2013
https://ips-dc.org/schools-need-resources-not-school-resource-officers/
https://www.zerohedge.com/health/where-obesity-places-biggest-burden-healthcare
recidivism by country
https://wellcomeopenresearch.org/articles/4-28
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4472929/
https://www.nij.gov/topics/corrections/recidivism/pages/welcome.aspx
mental illness by country
https://ourworldindata.org/mental-health
https://www.who.int/gho/mental_health/en/
https://www.who.int/mental_health/en/
https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/articles/2016-09-14/the-10-most-depressed-countries
iq vs crime correlation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_correlations_of_criminal_behaviour
https://law.jrank.org/pages/1363/Intelligence-Crime-Measuring-size-IQ-crime-correlation.html
For example, studies consistently reflect the fact that chronic or repeat criminal offenders have a lower average IQ than non-offenders. This is true among both juvenile repeat offenders (who average about 92) and adult repeat offenders (who average about 85). IQ tests are normed for a populace to 100. Every few years the tests are re-normed due to IQ drift, which tends to be upwards (commonly referred to as the 'Flynn effect'). The 15 point difference between the norm for the general population and that of chronic offending adults is known as 1 standard deviation.
https://medium.com/@JDSApollo/the-truth-about-iq-and-crime-6c3c22329c9a
jail recidivism rate
As reported on BBC Radio 4 on Monday, 2 September 2005, the recidivism rates for released prisoners in the United States of America is 60% compared with 50% in the United Kingdom. The report attributed the lower recidivism rate in the UK to a focus on rehabilitation and education of prisoners compared with the US focus on punishment, deterrence and keeping potentially dangerous individuals away from society.
The United States Department of Justice tracked the re-arrest, re-conviction, and re-incarceration of former inmates for 3 years after their release from prisons in 15 states in 1994.[13] Key findings include:
Released prisoners with the highest rearrest rates were robbers (70.2%), burglars (74.0%), larcenists (74.6%), motor vehicle thieves (78.8%), those in prison for possessing or selling stolen property (77.4%) and those in prison for possessing, using or selling illegal weapons (70.2%).
Within 3 years, 2.5% of released rapists were arrested for another rape, and 1.2% of those who had served time for homicide were arrested for homicide. These are the lowest rates of re-arrest for the same category of crime.
The 272,111 offenders discharged in 1994 had accumulated 4.1 million arrest charges before their most recent imprisonment and another 744,000 charges within 3 years of release.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recidivism
https://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/Pages/bocsar_pages/Re-offending.aspx
https://www.nij.gov/topics/corrections/recidivism/pages/welcome.aspx
serial domestic violence statistics
In its various forms, domestic abuse is a serious problem and, in whatever guise it takes, is rarely a one-off occurrence (European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights [FRA], 2014). Domestic abuse has a higher rate of repeat victimization than any other crime, accounting for 76% of all incidents (Smith, Flatley, & Coleman, 2010). More so than any other crime type, victims of domestic abuse report the lowest levels of personal well-being and life satisfaction (Office of National Statistics [ONS], 2015). In the past decade, the development of a more skilled and professionalized range of services has led to a more nuanced understanding of domestic abuse and its various manifestations, including coercive control, stalking, intimate partner rape, and most recently serial domestic abuse (that which a single perpetrator commits against multiple victims).
Existing scholarship has revealed that the repetitive nature of domestic abuse is one of its key distinguishing features, central to its conceptualization as "a coercive course of conduct, usually involving a series of related occurrences, rather than a one-off event" (Walby, 2005, p. 4; see also Stark, 2007). Research demonstrates that the majority of male domestic abuse perpetrators are repeat offenders, with English research producing a figure of 83% within a six-year period (Hester, 2013) and American research finding 60% within a ten-year period, although this was deemed to be an underestimate because recidivism was measured as new arrests rather than incidents (Klein & Tobin, 2008). Unlike other crime types, for domestic abuse there are "high frequency victims," and accurately capturing their experiences poses challenges for measurement and analysis of national crime victimization survey data (Farrell & Pease, 2007; Walby, 2015; Walby, Towers, & Francis, 2014). The detrimental consequences for victims and their children of repeated exposure to domestic abuse has been recognized in the widespread adoption in the United Kingdom of responses aimed at focusing resources on those victims at highest risk of re-abuse (e.g., multiagency risk assessment conferences and independent domestic violence advisors; see Robinson, 2010, for an overview). Although repeat offending against the same partner is a fundamental aspect of research, theory, and policy responses to domestic abuse, less is known about the ways in which serial perpetrators abuse multiple partners.
Serial Domestic Abuse in Wales: An Exploratory Study Into its Definition, Prevalence, Correlates, and Management
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/15564886.2016.1187691
Prevalence and characteristics of serial domestic abuse perpetrators: multi-agency evidence from Wales
http://orca.cf.ac.uk/67542/
- the chain of evidence is surprisingly bad?
That was in 1976. In recent decades, the scientific validity of forensic hypnosis has been called into question by experts who study how memory operates, especially in police interviews and courtrooms. It is one example of a growing number of forensic practices – including the analysis of blood spatter patterns and the study of what distinguishes arson from accidental fires – that prosecutors once relied on to secure convictions, but which are now considered to be unreliable. “The breadth of scientific error in forensic disciplines is breathtaking,” Ben Wolff, an attorney for Flores, told me.
After reading about Flores’s case, Gardner got in touch with a hypnosis expert named Dr Steven Lynn. As a young psychologist in the 1970s, Lynn was a “true believer” in the power of hypnosis to retrieve memories, he later testified in a hearing in Flores’s case. But when Lynn began to test this assumption, he found that in study after study, hypnosis actually harmed subjects’ recall. It led them to “recover” at least as many false memories as accurate ones, while increasing their confidence in the memories’ accuracy. “Maybe they’re having a very vivid experience during hypnosis, but that experience is not necessarily a truthful experience,” Lynn told the court.
- many court systems around the world have a backlog so they're trying to push things back on citizens so they resolve things themselves, bring things to the Internet. Really strange if you understand how much things may be changing?
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/pro-bono-work-and-social-justice/content-section-3.1.1
court backlog
https://theconversation.com/victorias-criminal-courts-are-critically-backlogged-this-is-how-we-can-speed-up-justice-146761
https://www.lawcouncil.asn.au/media/media-releases/dire-federal-circuit-court-backlogs-prove-family-court-merger-a-risk-to-families-judges
About us
The Magistrates' Court of Victoria (MCV) is a jurisdiction within the Court Services Victoria statutory authority and has a long history of providing justice for the people of Victoria in metropolitan and regional courts across the state.
The Court determines in excess of 300,000 cases per annum at 51 venues, equating to approximately 90 per cent of all cases that come before Victorian courts each year.  The Court aims to be an innovative, accessible and responsive court that provides quality services to the Victorian community.
magistrates courts judges
- lawfare. This includes deliberate infiltration or manipulation of the legal system. Re-assigned cases, judges instead of juries, jury tampering, secret witnesses, invocation of national security where it isn't appropriate, threatening witnesses, bribes, application of law in funny ways, bad laws, having lifetime judges who have no accountability, etc... 
Will Anything Under Joe Biden Really Change (Ben & Jerry’s Co-Founder Ben Cohen)
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2021/01/the-crazy-justice-system-random-stuff.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_tampering
Operation Car Wash (Portuguese: Operação Lava Jato) is an ongoing criminal investigation by the Federal Police of Brazil, Curitiba Branch. It began in March 2014 and was initially headed by investigative judge[a] Sérgio Moro, and in 2019 by Judge Luiz Antônio Bonat [pt].[14] It has resulted in more than a thousand warrants of various types. According to the Operation Car Wash task force, investigations implicate administrative members of the state-owned oil company Petrobras, politicians from Brazil's largest parties (including presidents of the Republic), presidents of the Chamber of Deputies and the Federal Senate, state governors, and businessmen from large Brazilian companies. The Federal Police consider it the largest corruption investigation in the country's history.
Originally a money laundering investigation, it expanded to cover allegations of corruption at Petrobras, where executives allegedly accepted bribes in return for awarding contracts to construction firms at inflated prices. This criminal scheme was initially known as Petrolão (Portuguese for "big oil") because of the Petrobras scandal.[15] The investigation is called "Operation Car Wash" because it was first uncovered at a car wash in Brasília.
The aim of the investigation is to ascertain the extent of a money laundering scheme, estimated by the Regional Superintendent of the Federal Police of Paraná State in 2015 at R$6.4–42.8 billion (US$2–13 billion), largely through the embezzlement of Petrobras funds.[16][17]:60[11]:16 It has included more than a thousand warrants for search and seizure, temporary and preventive detention, and plea bargaining, against business figures and politicians in numerous parties.
At least eleven other countries were involved, mostly in Latin America, and the Brazilian company Odebrecht was deeply implicated.[18]
Investigators indicted and jailed some well-known politicians, including former presidents Fernando Collor de Mello, Michel Temer and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva. The scandal seemed to challenge the impunity of politicians and business leaders and the structural corruption in the political and economic system that had prevailed until then. This was initially thought possible because of the independence of the judiciary.[19]
However, documents leaked in June 2019 to Glenn Greenwald at The Intercept suggest that Judge Sérgio Moro may have been partial in his decisions,[20] passing on 'advice, investigative leads, and inside information to the prosecutors'[21] to 'prevent Lula's Workers' Party from winning' the 2018 elections.[22] Several top jurisprudence authorities and experts in the world have reacted to the leaks by describing former President Lula as a political prisoner and calling for his release.[23][24] Lula was ultimately released on 8 November 2019.[25]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Car_Wash
Ex-Brazilian President Lula Da Silva - The US NEVER Accepted Brazil as an International Player!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UHPx4l9s5gg
Julian's Trial Begins In Kangaroo Court (Web Exclusive)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yHpDIG04kA
'We Have The Knee of America On Our Necks'- Exonerated Central Park Five's Dr. Yusef Salaam
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZWyyevIgPuI
Chevron vs. Donziger
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aDpNcJcVqxA
steven donziger
https://theintercept.com/2020/01/29/chevron-ecuador-lawsuit-steven-donziger/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven_Donziger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lewis_A._Kaplan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_business
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Media
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Oil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Pharma_(disambiguation)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Soda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tech
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tobacco
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobacco_Master_Settlement_Agreement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot_D._Prescott
https://www.keker.com/Lawyers/Keker-John
The political philosopher Sheldon Wolin coined the term inverted totalitarianism in 2003 to describe what he saw as the emerging form of government of the United States. Wolin analysed the United States as increasingly turning into a managed democracy (similar to an illiberal democracy). He uses the term "inverted totalitarianism" to draw attention to the totalitarian aspects of the American political system while emphasizing its differences from proper totalitarianism, such as Nazi and Stalinist regimes.[1]
The book Days of Destruction, Days of Revolt (2012) by Chris Hedges and Joe Sacco portrays inverted totalitarianism as a system where corporations have corrupted and subverted democracy and where economics bests politics.[2][3][4][5]
Every natural resource and living being is commodified and exploited by large corporations to the point of collapse as excess consumerism and sensationalism lull and manipulate the citizenry into surrendering their liberties and their participation in government.[6][7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverted_totalitarianism
judge jeremy hammond
https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/politics-news/cyber-activist-jeremy-hammond-sentenced-to-10-years-in-prison-109478/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy_Hammond
https://gizmodo.com/judge-orders-chelsea-manning-and-jeremy-hammond-release-1842301516
list political activists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_activists
But the appeals process is only one part of the justice system Mr Wiseman believes is "broken".
He said he only discovered he was entitled to $10,000 in compensation from Victims Services after being informed by fellow sexual abuse survivors, and that once he applied there were so many delays and "hoops to jump through" it added to the overall stress he experienced.
He said the compensation should be higher.
"I appreciate it and am grateful, but I had my life screwed up and I don't see how $10,000 is going to help fix anything," he said.
"The system needs an overhaul and the compensation levels need to be a lot higher."
And he said he was appalled by Victoria's controversial gag laws – the result of changes to the Judicial Proceedings Reports Act introduced in February – which silence sexual assault victims whose offenders have been found guilty by banning them from ever speaking out under their real identities, including in the media or in autobiographies.
Those who break the new laws face fines of more than $3000 – and up to four months in jail.
As a NSW resident, the harsh laws have not personally impacted Mr Wiseman, but he said he had been contacted by many Victorian survivors who were devastated by the rules, and that he lived in fear similar laws could be rolled out across the nation.
"I absolutely saw red when I read about the gag laws in Victoria – these survivors who have been abused have been sitting in their own mental hell and they can't talk about it, they can't write a book," Mr Wiseman said.
"It's just so wrong in so many ways and I'm frightened a similar law could be introduced in NSW.
"If we lose our voice, that is just so cruel – I don't know where the justice is."
Mr Wiseman said his decision to speak publicly about the rape had not only helped his own healing process but also allowed him to support "hundreds" of other survivors who had contacted him privately over the months.
Last month, the #LetUsSpeak campaign was launched to fight the Victorian laws after helping to overturn similar gag laws in Tasmania and the Northern Territory.
https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/home-and-away-stars-10-months-of-hell-after-his-rapist-appeals-sentence/news-story/9928e327315da382bb5befa5bfe9ee4f
judicial favouritism statistics
https://www.americanbar.org/groups/public_interest/child_law/resources/child_law_practiceonline/january---december-2019/influencing-and-challenging-judges-and-their-decisions-in-child-/
https://www.judiciary.uk/about-the-judiciary/the-judiciary-the-government-and-the-constitution/jud-acc-ind/independence/
https://www.judiciary.uk/about-the-judiciary/who-are-the-judiciary/diversity/judicial-diversity-statistics/judicial-diversity-statistics-2019/
If the plight of Julian Assange tells us anything, it is that we should always be vigilant. 
The former Labour MP Chris Williamson, opening proceedings, drew attention to the lack of political opposition to the treatment of Assange. He said that when he tabled an Early Day Motion in parliament in support of the WikiLeaks publisher, it only received five signatures.  
"Politics in our country is broken in reality, certainly parliamentary politics," he said. "Our House of Commons is overrun with establishment lackeys… And what we need in parliament is people who are genuinely going to represent the people that put them there, genuinely going to speak out for what's right, genuinely going to speak truth to power." 
Fidel Narvaez was a senior diplomat at the Ecuadorian Embassy in London where Assange took refuge for six years. In a lucid and powerful address, he explained how the 'lawfare' deployed to destroy Assange has also been used to criminalize leaders who defied US hegemony in Latin America, such as Rafael Correa, Evo Morales, Lula, and Cristina Kirchner. Trumped-up legal charges (no pun intended) was the way the empire preferred to dispose of its enemies. 
"Basically lawfare has two arms, acting together," Narvaez said. "The judicial and the media. First, the mainstream media kills the character and destroys his or her reputation. In the case of Julian, you can see how he was portrayed as a 'rapist,' a 'hacker,' a 'narcissist,' 'Russian asset,' 'spy,' 'bad house guest,' and anything else imaginable."
Once you have discredited someone in such a way, Narvaez explained, then the way is cleared for judicial abuse.
Academic and literature expert Catherine Brown-Mercouris noted how, in the case of other journalistic scoops like the MPs expenses scandal, there was little focus on how these leaks occurred, whereas with Assange the focus is solely on that, and not on the great war crimes that WikiLeaks revealed. We live in a world where it is deemed a greater felony to leak details of war crimes than it is to commit them, which explains why Tony Blair and George Bush, who took us into Iraq in breach of international law, are still free men, whereas Assange is not.
Academic and literature expert Catherine Brown-Mercouris noted how, in the case of other journalistic scoops like the MPs expenses scandal, there was little focus on how these leaks occurred, whereas with Assange the focus is solely on that, and not on the great war crimes that WikiLeaks revealed. We live in a world where it is deemed a greater felony to leak details of war crimes than it is to commit them, which explains why Tony Blair and George Bush, who took us into Iraq in breach of international law, are still free men, whereas Assange is not.
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/500676-julian-assange-wikileaks-imperialism/
who appoints judges
How judges are appointed. Supreme Court judges are appointed by the Governor of Victoria. To be eligible for appointment as a judge of the Supreme Court, a person must be, or have been: a judge of the High Court of Australia, or of a Court created by the Parliament of the Commonwealth.
http://www.supremecourt.vic.gov.au/about-the-court/our-judiciary
who appoints judges in france
The judges are appointed by the President of the Republic on a recommendation of the Higher Council of the Judiciary. They are divided into six different chambers: First Civil Chamber, Second Civil Chamber, Third Civil Chamber, Labour Chamber, Commercial Chamber, and Criminal Division.
http://www.justice.gouv.fr/publication/french_legal_system.pdf
who appoints judges in united states
Supreme Court justices, court of appeals judges, and district court judges are nominated by the President and confirmed by the United States Senate, as stated in the Constitution.
https://www.uscourts.gov/faqs-federal-judges
who appoints judges in japan
The justices are appointed by the Cabinet (the chief justice by the emperor upon designation by the Cabinet). At least two-thirds must have considerable experience as lawyers, prosecutors, law professors, or members of high courts.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Supreme-Court-of-Japan
who appoints judges in nigeria
Judges of the Federal High Court are appointed by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, and must have been qualified as legal practitioners for at least 10 years. Appointments are on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council.
https://lawpadi.com/how-to-be-a-judge-in-nigeria/
who appoints judges in spain
According to Section 123, the President is nominated by the General Council of the Judiciary and appointed by the Monarch.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Spain
When the High Court was created in 1903, it comprised three judges. Over the past 120 years, the size of the bench has expanded to seven. Following a referendum in 1977, a mandatory retirement age of 70 was introduced.
However, the Constitution and subsequent legislation are conspicuously silent on the process to be followed in appointing judges. Section 72 of the Constitution says only
The justices of the High Court […] shall be appointed by the governor-general in council.
In practice, this means judges are nominated by the prime minster following advice of the cabinet, with significant weight given to the recommendation of the attorney-general.
The Constitution does not mention qualifications for High Court judges. The High Court of Australia Act 1979 does require appointees to have been either a judge of an Australian court or enrolled as a legal practitioner for at least five years. This minimal threshold provides a very low bar for eligibility.
Similarly, the requirements for vetting judges are scarce. The High Court of Australia Act provides a minimum role for consultation with the states:
Where there is a vacancy in an office of justice, the attorney-general shall, before an appointment is made to the vacant office, consult with the attorneys-general of the states in relation to the appointment.
Such consultations occur in private. There is no requirement for how extensive they must be, nor do they need to factor into the final decision at all. A five-minute session at the end of a National Cabinet video conference would suffice.
In practice, these provisions grant huge discretion to the cabinet to appoint almost any lawyer they wish.
Fortunately, the country has organically developed some strong political conventions to guide the process, including commitments to make appointments based on merit, as well as geographic and (more recently) gender diversity. Unlike in the US, a judge's political leanings are not overtly taken into account.
While a handful of judges have been former politicians, by and large we have been blessed with an apolitical bench populated by the most eminent judges and lawyers in Australia.
However, both the Trump administration in the US and the Johnson government in the UK have shown just how brittle political conventions can be. Once those conventions shatter, the social legitimacy of public institutions — including courts — can quickly evaporate.
https://www.smh.com.au/national/the-problem-with-the-jury-system-in-australia-20190307-p512iy.html
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-21/two-high-court-of-australia-judges-will-be-named-soon-e28093/12789198
- the arrest and unsolved crime rate is suprisingly bad? It makes sense why some people want blanket surveillance? Organised crime using civil rights as a screen?
hit and run statistics
https://www.findlaw.com.au/articles/5457/hit-and-run-victims---what-are-the-statistics.aspx
What percentage of hit and runs are solved?
The short answer is not that many. Hit and runs are a common occurrence on the nation's roads with many going unreported, but most of them rarely get solved. It is estimated that over 90% of hit and runs never get solved as the driver is never identified. Over the last decade, the number of hit and runs jumped 60% in England and Wales, with London reporting nearly 5,000 people being injured or killed in a hit and run within the city's limits every year.
In 2017, there were over 28,000 hit and runs on the United Kingdom's roads. According to police forces, just 8 to 10% of hit-and-run accidents are resolved. While authorities put the blame on lack of evidence, staffing shortages are also an issue. Major cities usually must deal with 300 to 400 hit and runs every month, but routinely just 4–5 investigators handle them.
This means that one police investigator has to solve around 100 cases each month or 5 cases per day. What's more, the hit and runs that are more likely to get solved are a priority and victims are rarely being kept up to date on the proceedings. Some victims claim that they've found out that their case had been closed from television even when the hit and run had caused them tremendous injuries.
https://www.psychreg.org/hit-and-run/
rape arrest rate
As experts in criminology and the justice system, we were surprised to learn that a jury voted to convict Harvey Weinstein on two counts of rape and sexual assault.
This surprise was based on our more than a decade of research on the attrition of sexual assault cases from the criminal justice system.
We know that most victims of sexual assault never report their attack to the police. For those that do report, the probability of arrest and prosecution of their assailant is small.
In fact, the overwhelming majority of cases reported to the police do not end in conviction, as evidenced by our recent research on sexual assaults reported to the police in six jurisdictions across the United States.
We found that many cases drop out at the investigation stage, with only 18.8% of rapes reported to the police resulting in an arrest. Slightly more than a third of the arrests of adults ended in a conviction. That's just 6.5% of investigations.
What we can learn from the Weinstein verdict, and from the #MeToo movement more generally, is that perhaps the time has come to bolster the criminal justice response to sexual assault in ways that give sexual assault victims the procedural justice they deserve.
https://theconversation.com/less-than-one-fifth-of-reported-rapes-and-sexual-assaults-lead-to-arrests-132482
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-01-28/how-police-are-failing-survivors-of-sexual-assault/11871364
Statistics on rape and other sexual assaults are commonly available in industrialized countries, and are becoming more common throughout the world. Inconsistent definitions of rape, different rates of reporting, recording, prosecution and conviction for rape create controversial statistical disparities, and lead to accusations that many rape statistics are unreliable or misleading.[1][2] In some jurisdictions, male-female rape is the only form of rape counted in the statistics.[2] Countries may not define forced sex on a spouse as "rape".[3] Rape is an under-reported crime. Prevalence of reasons for not reporting rape differ across countries. They may include fear of retaliation, uncertainty about whether a crime was committed or if the offender intended harm, not wanting others to know about the rape, not wanting the offender to get in trouble, fear of prosecution (e.g. due to laws against premarital sex), and doubt in local law enforcement.[4][5]
A United Nations statistical report compiled from government sources showed that more than 250,000 cases of rape or attempted rape were recorded by police annually. The reported data covered 65 countries.[6]
In a survey by United Nations, for 100 women that suffered sexual violence in their lifetimes, 14% had experienced attempted rape and 2.3% had experienced rape.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_statistics
Rape in the United States is defined by the Department of Justice as "Penetration, no matter how slight, of the vagina or anus with any body part or object, or oral penetration by a sex organ of another person, without the consent of the victim." While definitions and terminology of rape vary by jurisdiction in the United States, the FBI revised its definition to eliminate a requirement that the crime involve an element of force.[1]
A 2013 study found that rape may be grossly underreported in the United States.[2] Furthermore, a 2014 study suggested that police departments may eliminate or undercount rapes from official records in part to "create the illusion of success in fighting violent crime".[3] For the last reported year, 2013, the annual prevalence rate for all sexual assaults including rape was 0.1% (annual prevalence rate represents the number of victims each year, rather than the number of assaults since some are victimized more than once during the reporting period). The survey included males and females aged 12+.[4] Since rapes are a subset of all sexual assaults, the prevalence of rape is lower than the combined statistic.[5] Of those assaults, the Bureau of Justice Statistics stated that 34.8% were reported to the police, up from 29.3% in 2004.[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape_in_the_United_States
arson arrest rates
The perception that arson is increasing has been put forward by several sources. Among these are insurance-industry spokespersons, who base their conclusions, in part, on insurance industry estimates of the size of the arson problem. However, insurance databases aren't as representative as those cited above, and the methods used to make the estimates aren't as openly documented.
Others base their assertions that arson is rising on their familiarity with local trends. Arson may well be increasing in some communities, but the figures available show that the long-term trend is down, not only overall but also in all regions and in communities of all sizes.
A second persistent myth about arson is that it's hard to solve because it destroys all the evidence. Arson is hard to solve. Indeed, the fraction of all arsons solved by arrest ranges from 15 to 20 percent. But this same solution rate applies to all major property crimes, which tend to go unwitnessed.
Furthermore, incendiary and suspicious fires don't typically destroy all the evidence. In more than half of all the incendiary and suspicious structure fires that occurred between 1991 and 1995, there was no flame damage outside the room of origin. Incendiary and suspicious fires are more likely than most other fires to spread beyond the room of origin, but the differences in likelihood are small. In 40 percent of incendiary and suspicious structure fires, in fact, there's no flame damage beyond the immediate area of origin. If useful evidence were available, the fires would probably leave some of it untouched.
The real problem is that identifiable evidence is rare in any unwitnessed property crime. But methods that work to increase the solution rates for crimes such as burglary and motor vehicle theft may be effective with arson, as well.
The third most common myth about arson is that it rises during bad economic times, particularly recessions. In hard times, it's not unusual for local fire officials and insurance adjusters in some communities to report apparent jumps in some types of arson. However, the national statistics don't show evidence of a significant link.
https://www.interfire.org/res_file/nfpaj_ar.asp
unsolved crime statistics
Police across America have faced heavy criticism in recent weeks over instances of brutality and excessive force.
But some policing critics have also noted that the country's law enforcement agencies are often unable to fulfill one of their main tasks: to solve crimes.
Federal government data from 2018 show that just 46% of all violent crimes reported to police were "cleared" with an arrest, and 18% of property crimes were cleared.
Beyond that, only an estimated 43% of people who were the victims of violent crimes reported the incidents to police.
https://www.insider.com/police-dont-solve-most-violent-property-crimes-data-2020-6
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/03/01/most-violent-and-property-crimes-in-the-u-s-go-unsolved/
https://www.vox.com/2018/9/24/17896034/murder-crime-clearance-fbi-report
https://www.projectcoldcase.org/cold-case-homicide-stats/
worker compensation claim success rate statistics
https://www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au/collection/australian-workers-compensation-statistics
Workers compensation monthly report
System overview
Key workers compensation system statistics for the 12 months ending January 2019
$256 billion of reported wages are safeguarded by the workers compensation scheme
$3.6 billion in premiums were collected, representing 1.4% of reported NSW wages1
$2.9 billion was paid out as costs for workers claims
102,307 claims were reported to SIRA
76,472 workers received weekly benefit payments
1For the 2017/18 financial year
https://www.sira.nsw.gov.au/resources-library/workers-compensation-resources/publications/sira-reports/monthly-report/january-2019/workers-compensation-monthly-report
Top 10 Private Industry Occupations With The Largest Number Of Injuries And Illnesses, 2019 (1)
Rank Occupation Number Percent of total
1 Laborers (2) 64,160 7.2%
2 Truck drivers, heavy and tractor-trailer 47,990 5.4
3 Nursing assistants 27,590 3.1
4 Stockers and order fillers 27,390 3.1
5 Retail salespersons 24,870 2.8
6 Light truck drivers 23,070 2.6
7 General maintenance and repair workers 21,490 2.4
8 Registered nurses 20,150 2.3
9 Construction laborers 19,790 2.2
10 Janitors and cleaners 18,680 2.1
  Total, top 10 295,180 33.2%
  Total, all occupations 888,220 100.0%
https://www.iii.org/fact-statistic/facts-statistics-workplace-safety-workers-comp
https://www.nswcompensationlawyers.com.au/blog/workers-compensation-claims-psychological-injury/
https://www.comcare.gov.au/scheme-legislation/scheme-performance/workers-compensation-statistics
People who have sustained a psychological injury at work face such a Kafka-esque whirlpool of paperwork and pushback from insurers that doctors are advising some patients to stop the claims process and just pay privately for treatment.
"I've heard that some GPs are actually reluctant to put people on a WorkCover program because they know what's coming, which is a shame," says Dr Terry Lim, a consultant psychiatrist in private practice at The Hills Clinic in Kellyville, NSW.
Dr Lim sees many patients who have been psychologically injured at work and have made successful workers' compensation claims. For about half of these patients, the nature of their work – as police officers, soldiers, train drivers or paramedics – can expose them to psychological trauma.
"But there is a proportion of workplace injury that has nothing to do with the job," says Dr Lim.
"It's to do with bullying from superiors or people you work with. I get librarians from schools and universities with workplace bullying. It can really happen in all industries and all walks of life and all levels. Not-for-profit organisations, they are some of the worst. The disability sector is notorious for very poor workplace processes."
The primary purpose of WorkCover is to help people get better after a workplace injury and return them to work.
Successful claimants get access to replacement income during their time off work, funding for psychologist and psychiatrist appointments and a case manager to oversee their re-integration into the workforce.
But this support often comes at a cost. The WorkCover process itself can be so traumatic and disempowering that it poses a real danger to the patient's wellbeing.
"Often, I will give patients the advice to maybe think about stopping the WorkCover process and basically paying for their own treatment with private health insurance," says Dr Lim.
"Some people can't do that because of financial reasons. But if they do have the means, at some point I might give them the advice to just get rid of WorkCover if it's adding too much distress.
"Often, I do see insurers or workplaces that do the right thing in supporting workers appropriately, and that I do see patients returning to work when this happens. But yes, there are problems with the current system."
https://medicalrepublic.com.au/work-cover-can-make-matters-worse/21574
- notice the background of the judges in many US/Western countries are very similar? Mostly commercial and constitional law? Very similar traditional local Universities and often Oxbridge/Ivy League background as well? They often feel indoctrinated because of similarities in background/perspective towards life and justice? Look at bankrupty law, company structures, etc... bias/access to good legal representation overall? It's like the system is biased towards maintaining power for the already wealthy/powerful? This may explain a lot of why families/people get stuck into particular positions in life in spite of trying to do their best or supposedly outperforming others higher up in the societal hierarchy? The separation of powers that is commonly held up as a strength of the Western system may be useless if all three parts are technically biased? Chinese/Vietnamese/Cuba (single party communist rule), Middle East (all religions have massive problems and many of these countries are theocratically based), Russia/Belarus and some other former Soviet States (give off the impression of capitalism but feels strongly communist sometimes with overwhelming single party strength and centralised control via oligarchs), etc... aren't much better if you understand how they work? It might explain why no matter who you vote for in a democracy it feels like nothing changes?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/is-society-filtering-for-fairnessmerit.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-29/grand-tour-italy-history-of-travel-tourism/12801176
CrossTalk _ QUARANTINE EDITION _ Bipartisan Death Grip
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kHTD7Vbkeg8
Ralph Nader & Abby Martin on Rigged Corporate Elections, Clinton Criminals
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0e4Ii_qyNng
The Empire Files - Ralph Nader & Abby Martin on the Corporate Elections
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e0OnOpgaAjg
hearings high court
hearings us supreme court
high court judges
https://www.hcourt.gov.au/justices/about-the-justices
https://www.hcourt.gov.au/justices/former-justices
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Justices_of_the_High_Court_of_Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_law_schools_attended_by_Australian_High_Court_Justices
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_law_schools_in_Australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group_of_Eight_(Australian_universities)
united states supreme court judges
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_justices_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
https://www.supremecourt.gov/about/biographies.aspx
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States
uk supreme court judges
https://www.supremecourt.uk/about/biographies-of-the-justices.html
https://www.supremecourt.uk/about/former-justices.html
https://www.supremecourt.uk/about/appointments-of-justices.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justice_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_judges_of_the_Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_Kingdom
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_High_Court_judges_of_England_and_Wales
saudi court judges
The legal system of Saudi Arabia is based on Sharia, Islamic law derived from the Qur'an and the Sunnah (the traditions) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. The sources of Sharia also include Islamic scholarly consensus developed after Muhammad's death. Its interpretation by judges in Saudi Arabia is influenced by the medieval texts of the literalist Hanbali school of Islamic jurisprudence. Uniquely in the Muslim world, Sharia has been adopted by Saudi Arabia in an uncodified form. This, and the lack of judicial precedent, has resulted in considerable uncertainty in the scope and content of the country's laws. The government therefore announced its intention to codify Sharia in 2010, and, in 2018, a sourcebook of legal principles and precedents was published by the Saudi government.[1] Sharia has also been supplemented by regulations (Arabic: "anẓima," although translated by the Saudi Official Bureau of Translation as "Laws") issued by royal decree covering modern issues such as intellectual property and corporate law. Nevertheless, Sharia remains the primary source of law, especially in areas such as criminal, family, commercial and contract law, and the Qur'an and the Sunnah are declared to be the country's constitution. In the areas of land and energy law the extensive proprietorial rights of the Saudi state (in effect, the Saudi royal family) constitute a significant feature.
The current Saudi court system was created by King Abdul Aziz, who founded the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia in 1932, and was introduced to the country in stages between 1927 and 1960. It comprises general and summary Sharia courts, with some administrative tribunals to deal with disputes on specific modern regulations. Trials in Saudi Arabia are bench trials. Courts in Saudi Arabia observe few formalities and the country's first criminal procedure code, issued in 2001, has been largely ignored. King Abdullah, in 2007, introduced a number of significant judicial reforms, although they are yet to be fully implemented.
Criminal law punishments in Saudi Arabia include public beheading, stoning, amputation and lashing. Serious criminal offences include not only internationally recognized crimes such as murder, rape, theft and robbery, but also apostasy, adultery, witchcraft and sorcery. In addition to the regular police force, Saudi Arabia has a secret police, the Mabahith, and "religious police", the Mutawa. The latter enforces Islamic social and moral norms, but their powers have greatly been restricted over the last few years. Western-based human rights organizations, such as Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, have criticized the activities of both the Mabahith and the Mutawa, as well as a number of other aspects of human rights in Saudi Arabia. These include the number of executions, the range of offences which are subject to the death penalty, the lack of safeguards for the accused in the criminal justice system, the treatment of homosexuals, the use of torture, the lack of religious freedom, and the highly disadvantaged position of women. The Albert Shanker Institute and Freedom House have also reported that "Saudi Arabia's practices diverge from the concept of the rule of law."[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legal_system_of_Saudi_Arabia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Saudi_Arabia
https://www.saudiembassy.net/legal-and-judicial-structure-0
court structure australia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary_of_Australia
executive legal legislative
http://www.peo.gov.au/learning/fact-sheets/separation-of-powers.html
The executive is the branch of government exercising authority in and holding responsibility for the governance of a state. The executive executes and enforces law.
In political systems based on the principle of separation of powers, authority is distributed among several branches (executive, legislative, judicial)—an attempt to prevent the concentration of power in the hands of a single group of people. In such a system, the executive does not pass laws (the role of the legislature) or interpret them (the role of the judiciary). Instead, the executive enforces the law as written by the legislature and interpreted by the judiciary. The executive can be the source of certain types of law, such as a decree or executive order. Executive bureaucracies are commonly the source of regulations.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_system
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation_of_powers#Checks_and_balances
vatican cardinal background
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/College_of_Cardinals
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal_(Catholic_Church)
The pope (Latin: papa, from Greek: πάππας, romanized: pappas,[2] "father"),[3] also known as the supreme pontiff (Pontifex maximus) or the Roman pontiff (Romanus Pontifex), is the bishop of Rome, chief pastor of the worldwide Catholic Church,[4] and head of state or sovereign of the Vatican City State.[5] The primacy of the bishop of Rome is largely derived from his role as the apostolic successor to Saint Peter, to whom primacy was conferred by Jesus, giving him the Keys of Heaven and the powers of "binding and loosing", naming him as the "rock" upon which the church would be built.
Since 1929, the pope has official residence in the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican City, a city-state enclaved within Rome, Italy.[6] The current pope is Francis, who was elected on 13 March 2013, succeeding Benedict XVI.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope
An antipope (Latin: antipapa) is a person who, in opposition to the lawful pope, makes a significant attempt to occupy the position of Bishop of Rome and leader of the Catholic Church.[1] At times between the 3rd and mid-15th centuries, antipopes were supported by important factions within the Church itself and by secular rulers.
Sometimes it was difficult to distinguish which of two claimants should be called pope and which antipope, as in the case of Pope Leo VIII and Pope Benedict V.[2]
Persons who merely claim to be pope and have few followers, such as the modern sedevacantist antipopes, are not classified with the historical antipopes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipope
us supreme court justice corporate win statistics
https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2018/07/big-business-keeps-winning-at-the-supreme-court/564260/
https://www.theusconstitution.org/series/chamber-study/
https://www.theusconstitution.org/think_tank/a-banner-year-for-business-as-the-supreme-courts-conservative-majority-is-restored/
https://www.nytimes.com/2013/05/05/business/pro-business-decisions-are-defining-this-supreme-court.html
Shia Islam or Shi'ism is one of the two main branches of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor and the Imam (leader) after him,[1] most notably at the event of Ghadir Khumm, but was prevented from succeeding Muhammad as the leader of all Muslims as a result of the choice made by Muhammad's other companions at Saqifah. This view primarily contrasts with that of Sunni Islam, whose adherents believe that Muhammad did not appoint a successor before his death and consider Abu Bakr, who was appointed caliph by a group of senior Muslims at Saqifah, to be the first rightful caliph after Muhammad.[2] A person observing Shia Islam is called a Shi'i.
Shia Islam is based on Muhammad's hadith (Ghadir Khumm).[3][4] Shia consider Ali to have been divinely appointed as the successor to Muhammad, and as the first Imam. The Shia also extend this Imammah to Muhammad's family, the Ahl al-Bayt ("the people/family of the House"),[5] and some individuals among his descendants, known as Imams, who they believe possess special spiritual and political authority over the community, infallibility and other divinely ordained traits.[6] Although there are many Shia subsects, modern Shia Islam has been divided into two main groupings: Twelvers and Ismailis, with Twelver Shia being the largest and most influential group among Shia.[7][8][9]
Shia Islam is the second largest branch of Islam: as of the end of the first decade of the twenty-first century, Shia Muslims constituted 10–15% of all Muslims.[10] Twelver Shia is the largest branch of Shia Islam,[11] with 2012 estimates saying that 85% of Shias were Twelvers.[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam
Sunni Islam (/ˈsuːni, ˈsʊni/) is the largest denomination of Islam, followed by 87–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word Sunnah, referring to the exemplary behaviour of Muhammad.[1] The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagreement over the succession to Muhammad and subsequently acquired broader political significance, as well as theological and juridical dimensions.[2] According to Sunni traditions, Muhammad designated Abu Bakr as his successor (the first caliph).[3][2] This contrasts with the Shia view, which holds that Muhammad announced his son-in-law and cousin Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor.[4] Political tensions between Sunnis and Shias continued with varying intensity throughout Islamic history and have been exacerbated in recent times by ethnic conflicts and the rise of Salafism and Wahhabism.[2][5][6]
The adherents of Sunni Islam are referred to in Arabic as ahl as-sunnah wa l-jamāʻah ("the people of the Sunnah and the community") or ahl as-Sunnah for short.[7][8] In English, its doctrines and practices are sometimes called Sunnism,[9] while adherents are known as Sunni Muslims, Sunnis, Sunnites and Ahlus Sunnah. Sunni Islam is sometimes referred to as "orthodox Islam",[10][11][12] though some scholars view this translation as inappropriate.[13]
The Quran, together with hadith (especially those collected in Kutub al-Sittah) and binding juristic consensus, form the basis of all traditional jurisprudence within Sunni Islam. Sharia rulings are derived from these basic sources, in conjunction with analogical reasoning, consideration of public welfare and juristic discretion, using the principles of jurisprudence developed by the traditional legal schools. In matters of creed, the Sunni tradition upholds the six pillars of imān (faith) and comprises the Ash'ari and Maturidi schools of rationalistic theology as well as the textualist school known as traditionalist theology.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam
- there are still strong elements of systemic racism within some legal and political systems?
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
Renegade Inc _ The Colour Of (American) Law
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EM9i8huJMdE
- it's obvious that in trade, consumer, business law, etc... that the general community is very naive? Businesses often get away with stuff that they probably shouldn't and the public aren't really aware of their own rights?
consumer law site:ozbargain.com.au
consumer law site:whirlpool.net.au
us supreme court antitrust statistics
https://som.yale.edu/faculty-research-centers/centers-initiatives/thurman-arnold-project-at-yale/antitrust-enforcement-data-0
In 2007, the United States Supreme Court decided four antitrust cases. In general, those decisions reflect a basic faith that markets, left alone, produce correct outcomes and a belief that the costs of antitrust litigation -- both the direct litigation costs and the chilling effect the threat of litigation can have on markets -- outweigh the potential benefits.
Supreme Court Antitrust Rulings
https://www.sgrlaw.com/ttl-articles/1068/
A Statistical Study of Antitrust Enforcement
https://www.jstor.org/stable/725030
https://mlexmarketinsight.com/insights-center/editors-picks/area-of-expertise/antitrust/doj-weighs-in-on-more-antitrust-cases-with-mixed-success
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Pharma_conspiracy_theory
big tobacco
Big Tobacco is a name used to refer to the largest global tobacco industry companies. The five largest tobacco companies are Philip Morris International, Altria, British American Tobacco, Imperial Brands, and Japan Tobacco International.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Tobacco
Big Soda is a term used by the media,[1] various activist groups,[2] and CrossFit[citation needed] to describe the soft drink industry as a collective entity. The term connotes the business and lobbying power of soft drink companies who, like Big Oil and Big Tobacco, would use that power to influence politicians and voters.[3]
Big Soda usually refers to the giants of the soft drink industry, The Coca-Cola Company, PepsiCo, and to a lesser extent, the Dr Pepper Snapple Group.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Soda
big sugar industry
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-04-30/big-sugar-and-the-big-flaw-in-australias-health-programs/9707204
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_industry
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/hughs-fat-fight
hughs fat fight
Britain's Fat Fight with Hugh Fearnley-Whittingstall
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b0b15qt7
http://hattrickinternational.co.uk/shows/Hughs_Fat_Fight
- politicisation of laws really common. Didn't realise how far back many laws have their origins? 
privy council
A privy council is a body that advises the head of state of a state, typically, but not always, in the context of a monarchic government. The word "privy" means "private" or "secret"; thus, a privy council was originally a committee of the monarch's closest advisors to give confidential advice on state affairs.
What is the Privy Council Australia?
Historically the Privy Council was a body of advisors to the British Monarch, which over time developed into a final court of appeals for courts in the British Colonies. Before Federation cases heard in the courts in the six Australian colonies could be appealed to the Privy Council.
The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian code of law of ancient Mesopotamia, dated to about 1754 BC (Middle Chronology). It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code. A partial copy exists on a 2.25-metre-tall (7.4 ft) stone stele. It consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" (lex talionis)[1] as graded based on social stratification depending on social status and gender, of slave versus free, man versus woman.[2]
Nearly half of the code deals with matters of contract, establishing the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon for example. Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another. A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity, and reproductive behavior. Only one provision appears to impose obligations on a government official; this provision establishes that a judge who alters his decision after it is written down is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently.[3] A few provisions address issues related to military service.
The code was discovered by modern archaeologists in 1901, and its editio princeps translation published in 1902 by Jean-Vincent Scheil. This nearly complete example of the code is carved into a diorite stele[4] in the shape of a huge index finger,[5] 2.25 m (7.4 ft) tall. The code is inscribed in the Akkadian language, using cuneiform script carved into the stele. The material was imported into Sumeria from Magan - today the area covered by the United Arab Emirates and Oman.[6]
...
Hammurabi ruled from 1792 to 1750 BC (according to the middle chronology). At the head of the stone slab is Hammurabi receiving the law from Shamash,[7] and in the preface, he states, "Anu and Bel called by name me, Hammurabi, the exalted prince, who feared God, to bring about the rule of righteousness in the land, to destroy the wicked and the evil-doers; so that the strong should not harm the weak; so that I should rule over the black-headed people like Shamash, and enlighten the land, to further the well-being of mankind."[8] The laws were arranged in 44 columns and 28 paragraphs; some follow along the rules of "an eye for an eye".[9]
...
The stele unearthed in 1901 had many laws scraped off by Shutruk-Naknunte. Early estimates pegged the number of missing laws at 34, however the exact number is still not determined and only 30 have been discovered so far. The common belief is that the code contained 282 laws in total.[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi
Roman law of war and peace
Deliberations about war were expected to pass through these priests, who would seek a judgment of the gods about the justice of the proposed course of action. If it was decided that a grave breach of the peace had in fact occurred, such that a just war would be warranted, the fetials would first approach the guilty city to demand redress. If, after a certain period of time, no satisfaction was given, war could begin. (...) Declarations of war were cast in form of a lawsuit, in which the verdict transmitted by the fetials was meant to decide on the question whether the war could be rightly waged. Whether or not a war should be waged (to enforce a verdict) would then be the matter for a new decision, to be rendered by the king, the senate, or even (in later periods) the entire people.
(Reichberg et al., 2006, pp. 47–8)
The doctrine of 'just war' was further influenced by Christian theologians such as St. Augustine and St. Thomas Aquinas, the latter famously stated in Summa Theologica that the three criteria for just war are:
1) it should be waged by a sovereign authority (prohibition of waging a private war)
2) it must have a just cause (punishment of wrongdoers)
3) a just cause must be accompanied by the right intention.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/the-use-force-international-law/content-section-1
hammurabi code
https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-history/hammurabi
What are 2 laws from Hammurabi's code?
If one break a man's bone, they shall break his bone. If one destroy the eye of a freeman or break the bone of a freeman he shall pay one gold mina. If one destroy the eye of a man's slave or break a bone of a man's slave he shall pay one-half his price." Hammurabi had many other punishments, as well.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Code_of_Hammurabi
https://avalon.law.yale.edu/ancient/hamframe.asp
1.1 Early Welsh law
The laws covered the responsibilities of the king and officers of court and dealt with matters such as king and court, society, kindred and status, animals, crimes and tort, property, contract, and the laws of women. They divided the people of Wales into three categories: the king, free landowners and the peasantry. They also refer to the 'alltud', people from outside Wales who had settled in Wales.
In many aspects the laws were ahead of their time, for example, in women's rights. In a claim of rape, precedence was given to the woman's claim; marriage was an agreement and divorce permitted by common consent; if a wife found her husband committing adultery she was entitled to a payment as compensation; if a divorce occurred after seven years of marriage the wife was entitled to half the husband's property and any sons would be divided equitably between the parents.
Other laws considered illegitimate children and legitimate children as equal, which meant that, on the death of a landowner, the land would be shared equally between all the sons. This meant a conflict with the Church – in canon law illegitimate children could not inherit.
In criminal matters there was no capital punishment for murder; the murderer's family had to pay a murder price to the family of the deceased (this payment could last as far as the seventh generation). However, a thief could be hanged, but clemency would be given to somebody who had stolen food if they could prove they had been begging for three days to feed a starving family. The laws placed a value on all kinds of property – a newborn kitten was worth a penny, but its value rose to fourpence once it caught a mouse.
The importance and influence of Hywel Dda are still recognised; the original home of the Welsh Assembly was Tŷ Hywel and the original Assembly chamber was known as Siambr Hywel. A heritage centre  with a garden and interpretative centre, the first of its type in Europe, has also been established at Whitland.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/introduction-law-wales/content-section-1.1
united states constitution slavery
https://www.heritage.org/the-constitution/commentary/what-the-constitution-really-says-about-race-and-slavery
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution
https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2015/09/how-the-constitution-was-indeed-pro-slavery/406288/
Following the end of the American Civil War and the abolition of slavery in 1865, black people had been granted equal constitutional rights. Slavery had previously been permitted across the southern states of the United States, but now black Americans were free to vote, stand for office and, in theory, enjoy many of the same freedoms as white Americans. Gradually, however, many states across the South began to introduce legislation – often known as 'Jim Crow' laws – which enforced racial segregation. These laws meant that black and white people were separated in public spaces, with black people prevented from accessing schools, restaurants, and housing reserved for white people. In order to disenfranchise black people, Southern states also enacted various measures, such as literacy tests, which disproportionately prevented black people from voting. In the first half of the twentieth century activists established a number of organisations – such as the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP, formed in 1909) and the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE, formed 1942) – to advance their rights, but racial discrimination and segregation were still firmly in place by the 1950s.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/history-the-arts/the-american-civil-rights-movement/content-section-1
- use and application international laws and bodies are strange and semi-random? It's diabolical the total number of laws states are in violation of? One strange and funny thing is that many of the major regional and international legal bodies are technically toothless and don't really include all countries?
free speech
us constitution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constitution_of_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_of_Rights_1689
https://www.hrw.org/world-report/
https://www.amnesty.org.au/
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kardishian+justice+project
Kim Kardashian West: The Justice Project
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLFrcyuNtj_zzCAxk2kBEe4bQidxHTiGjP
Momolu Stewart
When she traveled to D.C. to tour prisons, Kardashian West reached out to Stewart for a one-on-one sitdown. What followed in their hour of conversation was a wrenching account of Stewart's difficult childhood, as well as the societal forces that led him to criminal activity. Stewart described how, when he was six years old, his mother was imprisoned for murdering his abusive father; Stewart was then sent to live with relatives, whose abuse drove him to run away at age fourteen. Stewart also spoke about his efforts to pay his hard-earned wisdom forward in prison, where he served as a mentor to troubled younger inmates. Through the Georgetown Prison Scholars Program, Stewart earned his GED, while also racking up over 1,400 hours of coursework in subjects including political science, anger management, and African studies.
https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/tv/a32017716/momolu-stewart-kim-kardashian-west-justice-project-true-story-now-interview/
Criticism of Amnesty International includes claims of excessive pay for management, underprotection of overseas staff, associating with organizations with a dubious record on human rights protection, selection bias, ideological and foreign policy bias against either non-Western countries[122] or Western-supported countries[citation needed], or bias for terrorist groups.[123] A 2019 report also shows an internal toxic work environment.[124]
Anesty International supports women's access to abortion services as basic healthcare, and the Vatican has levied criticism on Amnesty International for this.[125][126]
Numerous governments and their supporters have criticized Amnesty's criticism of their policies, including those of Australia,[127] Czech Republic,[128] China,[129] Democratic Republic of the Congo,[130] India, Iran, Israel,[112] Morocco,[131] Qatar,[132] Saudi Arabia,[133] Vietnam,[134] Russia,[135] Nigeria[136] and the United States,[137] for what they assert is one-sided reporting or a failure to treat threats to security as a mitigating factor. The actions of these governments, and of other governments critical of Amnesty International, have been the subject of human rights concerns voiced by Amnesty.
The Sudan Vision Daily, a daily newspaper in Sudan, compared Amnesty to the US National Endowment for Democracy, and claimed "it is, in essence, a British intelligence organization which is a part of the Government decision making system."[138][139]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amnesty_International#Criticism_and_controversies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_Amnesty_International
Disclosing that she had chosen to adopt in America rather than her native Australia, where the relevant laws still reflect the issues of the Stolen Generations of Aboriginal children, she argued the world must prepare for a new wave of orphans from Syria.
"The laws have to shift towards the best interests of the children," she said.
"Otherwise, what happens is these children end up being shunted back and forth through the foster system, and ultimately if that goes on until the child is five or seven, then the damage is just"
"In Australia, it's an understandable hangover from the Stolen Generations. When a country has a history of children being immorally and insensitively ripped from their parents and their place of origin and it doesn't get resolved, the adoption laws swing, understandably, not in favour of the child."
She added: "We're going to see a new wave of orphans coming out of the Syrian crisis and Europe, and the rest of the world is going to have to respond. It's a world issue."
https://www.smh.com.au/entertainment/celebrity/cate-blanchett-opens-up-about-adoption-of-her-daughter-edith-and-taking-time-out-20151229-glw0if.html
The International Criminal Court (ICC or ICCt)[2] is an intergovernmental organization and international tribunal that sits in The Hague, Netherlands. The ICC is the first and only permanent international court with jurisdiction to prosecute individuals for the international crimes of genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression. It is intended to complement existing national judicial systems and it may therefore exercise its jurisdiction only when national courts are unwilling or unable to prosecute criminals. The ICC lacks universal territorial jurisdiction, and may only investigate and prosecute crimes committed within member states, crimes committed by nationals of member states, or crimes in situations referred to the Court by the United Nations Security Council.
The ICC began operations on 1 July 2002, upon the entry into force of the Rome Statute, a multilateral treaty that serves as the court's foundational and governing document. States which become party to the Rome Statute become members of the ICC, serving on the Assembly of States Parties, which administers the court. As of December 2020, there are 123 ICC member states; 42 states have neither signed nor become parties to the Rome Statute.
The ICC has four principal organs: the Presidency, the Judicial Divisions, the Office of the Prosecutor, and the Registry. The President is the most senior judge chosen by his or her peers in the Judicial Division, which hears cases before the Court. The Office of the Prosecutor is headed by the Prosecutor who investigates crimes and initiates criminal proceedings before the Judicial Division. The Registry is headed by the Registrar and is charged with managing all the administrative functions of the ICC, including the headquarters, detention unit, and public defense office.
The Office of the Prosecutor has opened 12 official investigations and is also conducting an additional nine preliminary examinations. Thus far, 45 individuals have been indicted in the ICC, including Ugandan rebel leader Joseph Kony, former Sudanese president Omar al-Bashir, Kenyan president Uhuru Kenyatta, Libyan leader Muammar Gaddafi, Ivorian president Laurent Gbagbo, and DR Congo vice-president Jean-Pierre Bemba.
The ICC has faced a number of criticisms from states and society, including objections about its jurisdiction, accusations of bias, questioning of the fairness of its case-selection and trial procedures, and doubts about its effectiveness.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Criminal_Court
The European Court of Human Rights (ECHR or ECtHR; French: Cour européenne des droits de l'homme), also known as the Strasbourg Court,[1] is a supranational court of the Council of Europe which interprets the European Convention on Human Rights. The court hears applications alleging that a contracting state has breached one or more of the human rights enumerated in the Convention or its optional protocols to which a member state is a party.
An application can be lodged by an individual, a group of individuals, or one or more of the other contracting states. Aside from judgments, the court can also issue advisory opinions. The convention was adopted within the context of the Council of Europe, and all of its 47 member states are contracting parties to the convention. The court's primary means of judicial interpretation is the living instrument doctrine, meaning that the Convention is interpreted in light of present-day conditions.
International law scholars consider the ECtHR to be the most effective international human rights court in the world.[2][3][4][5][6] Nevertheless, the court has faced challenges with verdicts not implemented by the contracting parties, as well as balancing caseload management with access.
...
Just satisfaction
The court may award pecuniary or non-pecuniary damages, called "just satisfaction". The awards are typically small in comparison to verdicts by national courts and rarely exceed 1,000 euros.[30] Non-pecuniary damages are more closely correlated to what the state can afford to pay than the specific harm suffered by the complainant. In some cases, repeated patterns of human rights violations lead to higher awards in an effort to punish the responsible state, but paradoxically in other cases they lead to lower awards, or the cases being struck entirely.[31][32]
...
Effectiveness
Some authors[2][3] qualified the ECHR in the past to be the most effective international human rights court in the world.[56][5][6] According to Michael Goldhaber in A People's History of the European Court of Human Rights, "Scholars invariably describe it with superlatives".[57][58]
Such a perspective appears to be one-sided. First of all, it is not clear on the basis of which criteria such a judgement should be made. Access to this Court is poor. As it has been stated in literature "[t]he Court´s statistics show a sustained and significant increase in the number of cases rejected at the filtering stage since the single judge procedure came into effect".[59]
Some authors suggest enhanging effectiveness by the institution of national surveillances bodies that should report unjustified denial of access to the Committee of Ministers and to foster initiatives to institute an individual complaint procedure in human rights matters before the European Court of Justice (ECJ)[60][61][62]
Implementation
Compliance with all compliance-relevant judgments of the European Court of Human Rights as of 10 March 2017. At that date, the oldest non-complied judgement was from 1996.[63]
The court lacks enforcement powers. Some states have ignored ECtHR verdicts and continued practices judged to be human rights violations.[64][65] Although all damages must be paid to the applicant within the time frame specified by the court (usually three months) or else will accumulate interest, there is no formal deadline for any more complex compliance required by the judgement. However, by leaving a judgement un-implemented for a long period of time, brings into question the state's commitment to addressing human rights violations in a timely fashion.[66]
The number of non-implemented judgements rose from 2,624 in 2001 to 9,944 at the end of 2016, 48% of which had gone without implementation 5 years or more. In 2016, all but one of the 47 member countries of the Council of Europe had not implemented at least one ECtHR verdict in a timely fashion, although most non-implemented verdicts concern a few countries: Italy (2,219), Russia (1,540), Turkey (1,342), and Ukraine (1,172). More than 3,200 non-implemented judgements "concerned violations by security forces and poor detention conditions". Council of Europe Commissioner for Human Rights, Nils Muižnieks, stated: "Our work is based on cooperation and good faith. When you don't have that, it's very difficult to have an impact. We kind of lack the tools to help countries that don't want to be helped."[67] Russia systematically ignores ECtHR verdicts, paying compensation in most cases but refusing to fix the problem, leading to a high number of repeat cases.[68] Russian legislation has set up a specific fund for paying the claimants in successful ECtHR verdicts.[31]
Notable non-implemented judgements include:
In Hirst v United Kingdom (2005), and several subsequent cases, the court found that a blanket deprivation of suffrage to British prisoners violated Article 3 of Protocol 1, which guarantees the right to vote. A minimal compromise was implemented in 2017.[69][70]
The Constitution of Bosnia and Herzegovina was first ruled to be discriminatory in 2009 (Sejdić and Finci v Bosnia and Herzegovina), for preventing Bosnian citizens who were not of Bosniak, Croat, or Serb ethnicity from being elected to certain state offices. As of December 2019, the discriminatory provisions have yet to be repealed or amended, despite three subsequent cases confirming their incompatibility with the ECHR.[71][72]
In Alekseyev v Russia (2010), the ban on Moscow Pride was judged to violate freedom of assembly. In 2012, Russian courts banned the event for the next 100 years.[73][74][75] The ECtHR confirmed its ruling that bans on pride parades violate freedom of assembly rights in Alekseyev and Others v Russia (2018).[76]
Fedotova v Russia (2011) and Bayev and others v Russia (2017), relating to the Russian gay propaganda law and related laws, which the court judged to abridge freedom of speech.[74][75]
Azerbaijani opposition politician Ilgar Mammadov, whose imprisonment the ECtHR ruled illegal in 2014; he was still in jail in 2017.[67]
Following Burmych and Others v Ukraine (2017), the ECtHR dismissed all 12,143 cases following the pattern of Ivanov v Ukraine (2009) as well as any future cases following that pattern, handing them to the Department of Execution at the Council of Europe for enforcement. These cases all involved complaintants not being paid money they were due under Ukrainian law.[31][77] In the eight years between Ivanov and Burmych, Ukraine made no effort to resolve these cases, leading the ECtHR to "effectively [give] up on trying to incentivize Ukraine to comply with its judgments".[31] As of 2020, the money owed to the complaintants in these cases remains unpaid.[31]
Another issue is delayed implementation of judgements.[78]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Court_of_Human_Rights
Dispute settlement
Main article: Dispute settlement in the WTO
The WTO's dispute-settlement system "is the result of the evolution of rules, procedures and practices developed over almost half a century under the GATT 1947".[75] In 1994, the WTO members agreed on the Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DSU) annexed to the "Final Act" signed in Marrakesh in 1994.[76] Dispute settlement is regarded by the WTO as the central pillar of the multilateral trading system, and as a "unique contribution to the stability of the global economy".[77] WTO members have agreed that, if they believe fellow-members are violating trade rules, they will use the multilateral system of settling disputes instead of taking action unilaterally.[78]
The operation of the WTO dispute settlement process involves case-specific panels[79] appointed by the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB),[80] the Appellate Body,[81] The Director-General and the WTO Secretariat,[82] arbitrators,[83] and advisory experts.[84]
The priority is to settle disputes, preferably through a mutually agreed solution, and provision has been made for the process to be conducted in an efficient and timely manner so that "If a case is adjudicated, it should normally take no more than one year for a panel ruling and no more than 16 months if the case is appealed... If the complainant deems the case urgent, consideration of the case should take even less time.[85] WTO member nations are obliged to accept the process as exclusive and compulsory.[86]
According to a 2018 study in the Journal of Politics, states are less likely and slower to enforce WTO violations when the violations affect states in a diffuse manner.[87] This is because states face collective action problems with pursuing litigation: they all expect other states to carry the costs of litigation.[87] A 2016 study in International Studies Quarterly challenges that the WTO dispute settlement system leads to greater increases in trade.[88]
However, the dispute settlement system cannot be used to resolve trade disputes that arise from political disagreements. When Qatar requested the establishment of a dispute panel concerning measures imposed by the UAE, other GCC countries and the US were quick to dismiss its request as a political matter, stating that national security issues were political and not appropriate for the WTO dispute system.[89]
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Agreements
The WTO oversees about 60 different agreements which have the status of international legal texts. Member countries must sign and ratify all WTO agreements on accession.[113] A discussion of some of the most important agreements follows.
The Agreement on Agriculture came into effect with the establishment of the WTO at the beginning of 1995. The AoA has three central concepts, or "pillars": domestic support, market access and export subsidies.
The General Agreement on Trade in Services was created to extend the multilateral trading system to service sector, in the same way as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) provided such a system for merchandise trade. The agreement entered into force in January 1995.
The Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights sets down minimum standards for many forms of intellectual property (IP) regulation. It was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in 1994.[114]
The Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures—also known as the SPS Agreement—was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of GATT, and entered into force with the establishment of the WTO at the beginning of 1995. Under the SPS agreement, the WTO sets constraints on members' policies relating to food safety (bacterial contaminants, pesticides, inspection, and labeling) as well as animal and plant health (imported pests and diseases).
The Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade is an international treaty of the World Trade Organization. It was negotiated during the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade and entered into force with the establishment of the WTO at the end of 1994. The object ensures that technical negotiations and standards, as well as testing and certification procedures, do not create unnecessary obstacles to trade".[115]
The Agreement on Customs Valuation, formally known as the Agreement on Implementation of Article VII of GATT, prescribes methods of customs valuation that Members are to follow. Chiefly, it adopts the "transaction value" approach.
In December 2013, the biggest agreement within the WTO was signed and known as the Bali Package.[116]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Trade_Organization
The ASEAN Charter
On 15 December 2008, member states met in Jakarta to launch a charter, signed in November 2007, to move closer to "an EU-style community".[32] The charter turned ASEAN into a legal entity and aimed to create a single free-trade area for the region encompassing 500 million people. President of Indonesia Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono stated: "This is a momentous development when ASEAN is consolidating, integrating, and transforming itself into a community. It is achieved while ASEAN seeks a more vigorous role in Asian and global affairs at a time when the international system is experiencing a seismic shift". Referring to climate change and economic upheaval, he concluded: "Southeast Asia is no longer the bitterly divided, war-torn region it was in the 1960s and 1970s".
The financial crisis of 2007–2008 was seen as a threat to the charter's goals,[33] and also set forth the idea of a proposed human rights body to be discussed at a future summit in February 2009. This proposition caused controversy, as the body would not have the power to impose sanctions or punish countries which violated citizens' rights and would, therefore, be limited in effectiveness.[34] The body was established later in 2009 as the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights (AICHR). In November 2012, the commission adopted the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration.[35]
Vietnam held the chair of ASEAN in 2020.
Nuclear Free ASEAN
The bloc also focused on peace and stability in the region. On 15 December 1995, the Southeast Asian Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone Treaty was signed to turn Southeast Asia into a nuclear-weapon-free zone. The treaty took effect on 28 March 1997 after all but one of the member states had ratified it. It became fully effective on 21 June 2001 after the Philippines ratified it, effectively banning all nuclear weapons in the region.[36] A similar treaty was signed in 2017; however, Singapore abstained from the vote.[37]
The ASEAN Way
The "ASEAN Way" refers to a methodology or approach to solving issues that respect Southeast Asia's cultural norms. Masilamani and Peterson summarize it as "a working process or style that is informal and personal. Policymakers constantly utilize compromise, consensus, and consultation in the informal decision-making process... it above all prioritizes a consensus-based, non-conflictual way of addressing problems. Quiet diplomacy allows ASEAN leaders to communicate without bringing the discussions into the public view. Members avoid the embarrassment that may lead to further conflict."[38] It has been said that the merits of the ASEAN Way might "be usefully applied to global conflict management". However, critics have argued that such an approach can be only applied to Asian countries, to specific cultural norms and understandings notably, due to a difference in mindset and level of tension.[39]:pp113–118
Critics object, claiming that the ASEAN Way's emphasis on consultation, consensus, and non-interference forces the organisation to adopt only those policies which satisfy the lowest common denominator. Decision-making by consensus requires members to see eye-to-eye before ASEAN can move forward on an issue. Members may not have a common conception of the meaning of the ASEAN Way. Myanmar, Cambodia, and Laos emphasize non-interference while older member countries focus on co-operation and co-ordination. These differences hinder efforts to find common solutions to particular issues, but also make it difficult to determine when collective action is appropriate in a given situation.[40]:161–163
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN
In 2009, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) established the ASEAN Intergovernmental Commission on Human Rights to promote human rights in the ten ASEAN countries. By mid-2012, the Commission had drafted the ASEAN Human Rights Declaration. The Declaration was adopted unanimously by ASEAN members at its 18 November 2012 meeting in Phnom Penh, Cambodia. The Declaration details ASEAN nations' commitment to human rights for its 600 million people. The Declaration includes 40 paragraphs under 6 headings.[1]
Multiple Asian declarations have been made prior to the ASEAN declaration in 2012. The first declaration in Asia to involve multiple nations throughout the region was a Southeast Asian declaration called the Declaration of the Basic Duties of ASEAN Peoples and Governments in 1983, which was first drafted by the father of human rights in the Philippines, Sen. Jose W. Diokno. [2] Eventually the evolution of these documents lead to the current one adopted by ASEAN beginning 2012. The first five Articles of the ASEAN Human Rights declaration affirm that human rights belong to "Every person," specifically emphasizing that they belong to "women, children, the elderly, persons with disabilities, migrant workers, and vulnerable and marginalised groups (Art 5). Article 10 directly affirms "all the civil and political rights in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights," and these are detailed in Articles 11- 25. Article 26 next affirms "all the economic, social and cultural rights in the Universal Declaration...," with these described in Articles 27 to 34. The ASEAN Human Rights Declaration goes beyond the Universal Declaration by making explicit "the right to safe drinking water and sanitation" (Art. 28. e.), "the right to a safe, clean and sustainable environment" (Art 28.f.), protection from discrimination in treatment for "people suffering from communicable diseases, including HIV/AIDS" (Art. 29), the "right to development ... aimed at poverty alleviation, the creation of conditions including the protection and sustainability of the environment...(Art. 36), and the right to peace (Art. 30).[1]
However, the Commission has been widely criticized for the lack of transparency and failure to consult with ASEAN civil society during drafting process.[3][4] The Declaration itself has been criticized by ASEAN civil society, international human rights organizations such as Amnesty International[5] and Human Rights Watch,[6] the U.S. Department of State,[7] and the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights.[4] Human Rights Watch described it as a "declaration of government powers disguised as a declaration of human rights".[6] ASEAN civil societies have noted that "The Declaration fails to include several key basic rights and fundamental freedoms, including the right to freedom of association and the right to be free from enforced disappearance."[6] Further, the Declaration contains clauses that many fear could be used to undermine human rights, such as "the realization of human rights must be considered in the regional and national context" (Art. 7),[8] or that human rights might be limited to preserve "national security" or a narrowly defined "public morality" (Art. 8).[5]
The U.S. Department of State and the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights welcomed the Declaration, but with substantive reservations. The U.S. State Department issued a statement of support, "in principle," for "ASEAN's efforts to develop a regional human rights declaration," but expressing concern for "the use of the concept of 'cultural relativism' ..., stipulating that domestic laws can trump universal human rights, incomplete descriptions that are mentioned elsewhere, introducing novel limits to rights, and language that could be read to suggest that individual rights are subject to group veto."[7] The U.N. High Commissioner for Human Rights "welcomed the renewed commitment by leaders of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations to universal human rights norms" noting that "Other regions have shown how regional human rights systems can evolve and improve over time" and that "it is essential that ASEAN ensures that any language inconsistent with international human rights standards does not become a part of any binding regional human rights convention."[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASEAN_Human_Rights_Declaration
Structure and content
The underlying structure of the Universal Declaration was influenced by the Code Napoléon, including a preamble and introductory general principles.[11] Its final structure took form in the second draft prepared by French jurist René Cassin, who worked on the initial draft prepared by Canadian legal scholar John Peters Humphrey.
The Declaration consists of the following:
The preamble sets out the historical and social causes that led to the necessity of drafting the Declaration.
Articles 1–2 established the basic concepts of dignity, liberty, and equality.
Articles 3–5 established other individual rights, such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery and torture.
Articles 6–11 refer to the fundamental legality of human rights with specific remedies cited for their defence when violated.
Articles 12–17 established the rights of the individual towards the community, including freedom of movement.
Articles 18–21 sanctioned the so-called "constitutional liberties" and spiritual, public, and political freedoms, such as freedom of thought, opinion, religion and conscience, word, and peaceful association of the individual.
Articles 22–27 sanctioned an individual's economic, social and cultural rights, including healthcare. It upholds an expansive right to a standard of living, provides for additional accommodations in case of physical debilitation or disability, and makes special mention of care given to those in motherhood or childhood.[12]
Articles 28–30 established the general means of exercising these rights, the areas in which the rights of the individual cannot be applied, the duty of the individual to society, and the prohibition of the use of rights in contravention of the purposes of the United Nations Organisation.[13]
Cassin compared the Declaration to the portico of a Greek temple, with a foundation, steps, four columns, and a pediment.[14] Articles 1 and 2—with their principles of dignity, liberty, equality and brotherhood—served as the foundation blocks. The seven paragraphs of the preamble, setting out the reasons for the Declaration, represent the steps leading up to the temple. The main body of the Declaration forms the four columns. The first column (articles 3-11) constitutes rights of the individual, such as the right to life and the prohibition of slavery. The second column (articles 12-17) constitutes the rights of the individual in civil and political society. The third column (articles 18-21) is concerned with spiritual, public and political freedoms such as freedom of religion and freedom of association. The fourth column (articles 22-27) sets out social, economic and cultural rights. Finally, the last three articles provide the pediment which binds the structure together, as they emphasise the mutual duties of every individual to one another and to society.[14]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_Declaration_of_Human_Rights
Goals and purpose
In the words of Article 1 of the Charter, the goal of the member nations in creating the OAS was "to achieve an order of peace and justice, to promote their solidarity, to strengthen their collaboration, and to defend their sovereignty, their territorial integrity, and their independence." Article 2 then defines eight essential purposes:
To strengthen the peace and security of the continent.
To promote and consolidate representative democracy, with due respect for the principle of non-intervention.
To prevent possible causes of difficulties and to ensure the pacific settlement of disputes that may arise among the member states.
To provide for common action on the part of those states in the event of aggression.
To seek the solution of political, judicial, and economic problems that may arise among them.
To promote, by cooperative action, their economic, social, and cultural development.
To eradicate extreme poverty, which constitutes an obstacle to the full democratic development of the peoples of the hemisphere.
To achieve an effective limitation of conventional weapons that will make it possible to devote the largest amount of resources to the economic and social development of the member states.
Over the course of the 1990s, with the end of the Cold War, the return to democracy in Latin America, and the thrust toward globalization, the OAS made major efforts to reinvent itself to fit the new context. Its stated priorities now include the following:
Strengthening democracy: Between 1962 and 2002, the Organization sent multinational observation missions to oversee free and fair elections in the member states on more than 100 occasions. The OAS also works to strengthen national and local government and electoral agencies, to promote democratic practices and values, and to help countries detect and defuse official corruption.
Working for peace: Special OAS missions have supported peace processes in Nicaragua, Suriname, Haiti, and Guatemala. The Organization has played a leading part in the removal of landmines deployed in member states and it has led negotiations to resolve the continents' remaining border disputes (Guatemala/Belize; Peru/Ecuador). Work is also underway on the construction of a common inter-American counter-terrorism front.
Defending human rights: The agencies of the inter-American human rights system provide a venue for the denunciation and resolution of human rights violations in individual cases. They also monitor and report on the general human rights situation in the member states.
Fostering free trade: The OAS is one of the three agencies currently engaged in drafting a treaty aiming to establish an inter-continental free trade area from Alaska to Tierra del Fuego.
Fighting the drugs trade: The Inter-American Drug Abuse Control Commission was established in 1986 to coordinate efforts and crossborder cooperation in this area.
Promoting sustainable development: The goal of the OAS's Inter-American Council for Integral Development is to promote economic development and combating poverty. OAS technical cooperation programs address such areas as river basin management, the conservation of biodiversity, preservation of cultural diversity, planning for global climate change, sustainable tourism, and natural disaster mitigation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organization_of_American_States
Overview
The objectives of the AU are the following:[8]
To achieve greater unity, cohesion and solidarity between the African countries and African nations.
To defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity and independence of its Member States.
To accelerate the political and social-economic integration of the continent.
To promote and defend African common positions on issues of interest to the continent and its peoples.
To encourage international cooperation, taking due account of the Charter of the United Nations and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
To promote peace, security, and stability on the continent.
To promote democratic principles and institutions, popular participation and good governance.
To promote and protect human and peoples' rights in accordance with the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights and other relevant human rights instruments.
To establish the necessary conditions which enable the continent to play its rightful role in the global economy and in international negotiations.
To promote sustainable development at the economic, social and cultural levels as well as the integration of African economies.
To promote co-operation in all fields of human activity to raise the living standards of African peoples.
To coordinate and harmonise the policies between the existing and future Regional Economic Communities for the gradual attainment of the objectives of the Union.
To advance the development of the continent by promoting research in all fields, in particular in science and technology.
To work with relevant international partners in the eradication of preventable diseases and the promotion of good health on the continent.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_Union
2.4 Self-determination
Entities seeking recognition often use the principle of self-determination as a justification for the creation of a new state or government. The concept was inserted into the UN Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 1960, adopted by UN General Assembly Resolution 1514 (XV) of 14 December 1960. Former colonial territories gained the right to independence by virtue of this principle (see Box 3).
Box 3 UN Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples 1960
The Declaration declares that:
The subjection of peoples to alien subjugation, domination and exploitation constitutes a denial of fundamental human rights, is contrary to the Charter of the United Nations and is an impediment to the promotion of world peace and co-operation.
All peoples have the right to self-determination; by virtue of that right they freely determine their political status and freely pursue their economic, social and cultural development.
Inadequacy of political, economic, social or educational preparedness should never serve as a pretext for delaying independence.
All armed action or repressive measures of all kinds directed against dependent peoples shall cease in order to enable them to exercise peacefully and freely their right to complete independence, and the integrity of their national territory shall be respected.
Immediate steps shall be taken, in Trust and Non-Self-Governing Territories or all other territories which have not yet attained independence, to transfer all powers to the peoples of those territories, without any conditions or reservations, in accordance with their freely expressed will and desire, without any distinction as to race, creed or colour, in order to enable them to enjoy complete independence and freedom.
Any attempt aimed at the partial or total disruption of the national unity and the territorial integrity of a country is incompatible with the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations.
All States shall observe faithfully and strictly the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the present Declaration on the basis of equality, non-interference in the internal affairs of all States, and respect for the sovereign rights of all peoples and their territorial integrity.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/exploring-the-boundaries-international-law/content-section-2.4
Example of crimes against humanity: General Pinochet
In 1998, General Pinochet, the former military dictator of Chile, was arrested in London on an arrest warrant issued in Spain on charges of torture and genocide committed in Chile during his rule in the 1970s.
The UN and the European Parliament supported the extradition request. The government of Chile was ambivalent to the situation as it highlighted the divisions within their political elite. The UK government, while condemning the Pinochet regime was loath to upset the Chilean government, in view of the UK's lucrative arms trade with the country and in the light of Chile's support against the Argentinian invasion of the Falklands in 1982.
The attempt to hold Pinochet accountable eventually failed in 2000 when the UK government decided not to proceed with the extradition and released Pinochet on the grounds of ill health.
One of the controversial issues in the Pinochet case was whether such an approach violated the immunity of foreign government officials when travelling abroad. Pinochet was a former head of state, but in Arrest Warrant of 11 April 2000 (Democratic Republic of the Congo v Belgium) ICJ Rep 2002, 11 the ICJ held that an arrest warrant issued by the Belgian authorities against the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the DRC for war crimes and crimes against humanity did not respect his immunity from criminal jurisdiction under international law. This case and other similar prosecutions in Belgian courts caused considerable controversy, and under international pressure Belgium repealed the provisions of its domestic legislation that made such prosecutions possible.
The application of universal jurisdiction in these cases gives rise to some complex questions, some of which are highlighted in the next activity.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/exploring-the-boundaries-international-law/content-section-4.3.7
1.4 Individuals
Under the Westphalian construct states assert sovereignty over individuals within their jurisdiction and there is little scope for the recognition of the individual in international law. International rights and/or obligations are not conferred on individuals directly. The events of the Second World War created renewed impetus to protect human rights and freedoms at the international level. The UDHR 1948 and subsequent conventions codified human rights for the first time at an international level; states are obliged to respect the rights of individuals. However, there are few mechanisms for enforcement of their rights by individuals. The right of challenge of infringements of international human rights is invariably via the state and/or by an international organisation's application to the relevant international tribunal. In this sense individuals remain the objects of international law, rather than subjects with the right to take action.
On some occasions individuals may be able to institute criminal proceedings against those accused of international crimes in their national courts.
...
Individual accountability is imposed regardless of the provisions of the national legal system to which the individual is subject, and in this way international law impinges directly on the individual.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/exploring-the-boundaries-international-law/content-section-1.4
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/exploring-the-boundaries-international-law/content-section-0
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/introduction-european-union-law/content-section-0
list war crimes
http://www.bbc.com/ethics/war/overview/crimes_1.shtml
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_war_crimes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime
https://www.un.org/en/genocideprevention/war-crimes.shtml
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/07/bible-codes-random-stuff-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/is-society-filtering-for-fairnessmerit.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/09/thinking-like-political-elite-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/01/capitalism-analysis-religion-23-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/05/is-western-leadership-required-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/08/neo-colonialism-and-neo-liberalism.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/06/religious-conspiracies-is-capitalism.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/conspiracy-theories-understanding.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/07/social-engineeringmanipulation-rigging.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/07/neuroscience-in-psyops-world-order.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/02/shadow-government-key-players-and-more.html
- part of the reason why some countries seem to have large industrial military defense intelligence complexes is because a lot of action has gone covert? A lot of black on black stuff (helps explain the structure of the US, Chinese, Iranian, Israeli, Russian military in particular? Special forces, PMC (Private Military Contractor) operations, etc...)? Civilians and soldiers blending into one another in insurgencies and guerrilla wars?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/conspiracy-theories-understanding.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/understanding-propaganda-us-anti-war.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/shale-oil-some-us-intelligencedefense.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/11/china-background-economic-warfare-and.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/11/middle-easternafricanasian-background.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-occupy-movement-veterans-for-peace.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/us-drone-warfare-program-financial.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/01/does-military-industrial-complex-make.html
The Bourne Legacy Movie CLIP - Sin Eater (2012) Jeremy Renner Movie HD
bourne "black on black" quote
Ward Abbott : So, what are we looking at?
Pamela Landy : I want to know about it.
Ward Abbott : Know about it? It was a kill squad. Black on black. We closed it down two years ago. Nobody wants to know about Treadstone. Not around here. So I think you better take this back to Marty and let him know exactly what you're doing.
Pamela Landy : He does. I've been down to the archives. I've have the files Ward. Let's talk about Conklin.
Ward Abbott : What are you after Pam? You want to fry me? You want my desk. Is that it?
Pamela Landy : I want to know what happened.
Ward Abbott : What happened? Jason Bourne happened. You got the files. Then let's cut the crap. Conklin had these guys wound so tight they were bound to snap. Bourne was his number one. The guy went for a job, screwed the op, never came back. Conklin couldn't fix it, couldn't find Bourne, couldn't adjust. It all went sideways.
Pamela Landy : So you had Conklin killed. I mean if we're cutting the crap.
Ward Abbott : I've given 30 years and 2 marriages to this agency. I've shoveled shit on 4 continents. I'm due to retire next year. But if you think I'm going to sit here and let you dangle me with this, you can go to hell. And Marshall too. It had to be done.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0372183/characters/nm0000260
https://www.usingenglish.com/forum/threads/12978-Movie-lines-what-does-this-mean
what do special forces do
Special forces and special operations forces (SOF) are military units trained to conduct special operations.[1][2][3] NATO has defined special operations as "military activities conducted by specially designated, organized, trained, and equipped forces, manned with selected personnel, using unconventional tactics, techniques, and modes of employment".[1][4]
Special forces emerged in the early 20th century, with a significant growth in the field during the Second World War, when "every major army involved in the fighting" created formations devoted to special operations behind enemy lines.[5] Depending on the country, special forces may perform functions including airborne operations, counter-insurgency, counter-terrorism, foreign internal defense, covert ops, direct action, hostage rescue, high-value targets/manhunt, intelligence operations, mobility operations, and unconventional warfare.[6]
In Russian-speaking countries, special forces of any country are typically called spetsnaz, an acronym for "special purpose". In the United States, the term special forces often refers specifically to the U.S. Army's Special Forces, while the term special operations forces (SOF) is used more broadly for these types of units.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special_forces
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_special_forces_units
former military politicians
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_leaders_who_held_active_military_ranks_in_office
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_military_veterans_in_British_politics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_110th_United_States_Congress_who_have_served_in_the_United_States_military
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States_by_military_rank
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscription_in_the_United_States
Water shortages have caused major international disputes in many parts of the world (Table 3). Water management is particularly difficult in areas where the catchment of a river crosses many countries. Egypt, for example, gets most of its water from the River Nile, whose flow originates mainly from seven upstream countries. In the Middle East, water resources are of strategic concern, and a major cause of political conflict. Full-scale water wars are unlikely, but tension between countries competing for water is escalating to the extent that in some areas war has been threatened. The following quotes illustrate points of view on water disputes:
Attributed to Mark Twain:
'Whisky's for drinkin', water's for fightin' '
A considered view from a country involved in water disputes, from an Israeli Defence Forces analyst (Wolf, 1999):
'Why go to war over water? For the price of one week's fighting, you could build five desalination plants. No loss of life, no international pressure, and a reliable supply you don't have to defend in hostile territory.'
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/science/environmental-science/global-water-resources/content-section-2
https://en.abna24.com/news//jakarta-islamic-center-chief-highlights-role-of-gen-soleimani-al-muhandis-in-iraq-syria-victories_1104871.html
- some of the altercations with law enforcement and the community comes down to systemic issues? Sometimes the laws are penalising people for people for being poor, homeless, having a different opinion, etc? I suspect that sometimes after seeing so much of a bad thing from a particular sector of society many people develop white line fever?
police shooting mistake statistics
Fatal shootings by police are the rare outcomes of the millions of encounters between police officers and the public. Despite the unpredictable events that lead to the shootings, in each of the past four years police nationwide have shot and killed almost the same number of people - nearly 1,000.
Last year police shot and killed 998 people, 11 more than the 987 they fatally shot in 2017. In 2016, police killed 963 people, and 995 in 2015.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/police-shootings-us-death-toll-gun-control-officers-a8777046.html
https://www.law.virginia.edu/news/202005/what-police-shootings-medical-mistakes-have-common
Manifesto for killings
In early February 2013, coincident with the start of a series of revenge shootings, Dorner was purported to have posted a detailed note on his Facebook page, discussing his history, motivations, and plans.[4] This 11,000-word post became known as his "manifesto".[36]
Dorner listed 40 law enforcement personnel whom he was prepared to kill, and stated: "I know most of you who personally know me are in disbelief to hear from media reports that I am suspected of committing such horrendous murders and have taken drastic and shocking actions in the last couple of days," the posting began. "Unfortunately, this is a necessary evil that I do not enjoy but must partake and complete for substantial change to occur within the LAPD and reclaim my name. The department has not changed since the Rampart and Rodney King days. It has gotten worse...."[37][38] Dorner issued a single demand: a public admission by the LAPD that his termination was in retaliation for reporting excessive force. He also asked journalists to pursue "the truth", pointing out specific lines of investigation for reporters to follow under the Freedom of Information Act, and said that "video evidence" was sent to multiple news agencies.
On February 9, 2013, in response to Dorner's manifesto and the start of the killing spree, LAPD Chief Charlie Beck informed Dorner through the media that there would be a review of the disciplinary case that led to Dorner's dismissal.[39][40] Beck said officials would re-examine the allegations by Dorner that his law enforcement career was undone by racist colleagues.[40][41][42]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Dorner_shootings_and_manhunt
The Rampart scandal involved widespread police corruption in the Community Resources Against Street Hoodlums (CRASH) anti-gang unit of the Los Angeles Police Department's Rampart Division in the late 1990s. More than 70 police officers either assigned to or associated with the Rampart CRASH unit were implicated in some form of misconduct, making it one of the most widespread cases of documented police corruption in U.S. history, responsible for a long list of offenses including unprovoked shootings, unprovoked beatings, planting of false evidence, stealing and dealing narcotics, bank robbery, perjury, and the covering up of evidence of these activities.[1]
The Rampart investigation, based mainly on statements of admitted corrupt CRASH officer Rafael Pérez, initially implicated over 70 officers in wrongdoing. Of those officers, enough evidence was found to bring 58 before an internal administrative board. However, only 24 were actually found to have committed any wrongdoing, with twelve given suspensions of various lengths, seven forced into resignation or retirement, and five terminated.[2]
As a result of the probe into falsified evidence and police perjury, 106 prior criminal convictions were overturned.[3] The scandal resulted in more than 140 civil lawsuits against the city of Los Angeles, California, costing the city an estimated $125 million in settlements.[4]
Partly as a result of the scandal, Mayor James K. Hahn did not rehire Police Chief Bernard Parks in 2002. Both the scandal and the de facto firing of Parks are believed to have precipitated Hahn's defeat by Antonio Villaraigosa in the 2005 mayoral election.[5] As of 2020, the full extent of Rampart corruption is not known, and several rape, homicide and robbery investigations involving Rampart officers remain unsolved.[6][7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rampart_scandal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodney_King
As she points out, people with low incomes are most likely to be paying for gas and electricity through pre-payment meters, the most expensive way of paying for fuel. They are also likely to be living in accommodation that proved inefficient to heat. At the time the trial started, Scottish Power had the highest proportion of customers on pre-payment metres in the UK (Utility Week, 13 November 1998). EAGA was looking to extend its activities to water saving, another utility cost that poor people found it difficult to afford.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/health-sports-psychology/social-care/fuel-poverty-scotland/content-section-2.2.3
Jacqueline Carlin
It's very hard to get a bank account if you haven't got a job anyway. So, yeah, a lot of people don't have bank accounts. We've got something in Charleston called the Charleston Credit Union, which started up a few years ago. And that's like a people's bank. And, yes, it's easier for the people to access because it's here in Charleston. And the collections are twice a week, and people can borrow from there … but, obviously, only so much … you know part of what ever they've put in. So that makes it easier for the people to actually own a bank account and borrow.
That's the only facility, apart from if they go to lenders like Provident … people like that. And then they're paying horrendous interest on that. I know first hand, you know, how much they take back on that. Yeah, you find more people are going towards these people, but that's their only source of getting a loan - either the Credit Union or these Providents, and different places like that.
Thomas Marnie
They're money lenders. They rob you left, right and centre. If you borrowed a thousand pound from them, you're paying over two thousand pound back … never go to a money lender. You know why I've not got any grey hair? Because I didn't worry with paying them back. Let them worry about me paying them. Okay, they send you letters and they call to the house and that. At the end of the day, they cannot throw you in jail. Tell them a story, and they go away happy. "Oh we'll be in next week, and we'll give you a wee bit extra." That's all they want to hear. Oh no, don't get involved with the money lenders.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/health-sports-psychology/social-care/fuel-poverty-scotland/content-section-3.1
The causes of fuel poverty are many. The most fundamental, as Elizabeth Belk described, is having to live on a low income such as that which state benefits or low wages provides. A further problem is that some of the benefits intended to raise the incomes of people who earn a very low wage, or who rely on state benefits, depend on individuals applying for them and undergoing a means test. But a lack of knowledge and the stigma attached to being a welfare claimant prevent many poor people from taking up benefits for which they are eligible. Universal benefits, such as the state pension and child benefit, which do not depend on a means test and an individual application, have neither of these disadvantages. Universal benefits are therefore more effective in tackling poverty. However, precisely because they have the potential to reach everyone, universal benefits are more expensive and are often not favoured by legislators. There is a debate about universal benefits versus a more selective means-tested approach. It is a fundamental one, underlying the efforts of governments to counteract poverty.
...
The clips illustrate a number of ways in which people and their advisors, such as Ian Traenor, were attempting to tackle the problem of fuel poverty, including:
budgeting and other strategies for dealing realistically with fuel bills and debt;
brokering and advocacy with the energy-providing authorities;
encouraging and facilitating different ways of paying for fuel (meters, smaller payments, etc.);
encouraging the take-up of benefits and correcting the underpayments;
improving people's housing and making it more energy-efficient;
finding alternatives to commercial moneylenders and 'loan sharks', for instance credit unions.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/health-sports-psychology/social-care/fuel-poverty-scotland/content-section-4
- legal misconduct doesn't seem as big a huge problem as you'd expect given the reputation of the profession sometimes? The real problem seems to be in the nature of the system and it's internal biases? Nightmare?
Ted 2 (8_10) Movie CLIP - Beer Fight and Sad Improv (2015) HD
lawyer disbarment statistics
The legal profession is held in poor regard by much of the public. What is not known is whether there is indeed something inherently rotten in the legal profession or whether it acquires a bad reputation due to the isolated bad acts of a few unrepresentative lawyers. In this article, I document the extent of misconduct among American lawyers and investigate its determinants. To do so, I construct a novel dataset of the history of disciplinary actions taken against roughly 1 million lawyers across 19 states. I then use this data to investigate three aspects of lawyer misconduct. First, I document the prevalence of misconduct. I find that 5 percent of lawyers have a misconduct record at some point in their career, and the majority of lawyers with a misconduct record are repeat offenders. Second, I document the patterns of misconduct across lawyer demographics and over changing economic conditions. Rates of misconduct are higher among lawyers who attended lower ranked law schools, among lawyers who practice in areas of the country with vulnerable populations, and when local economic conditions in an area worsen. Third, I investigate the effectiveness of one potential way to deter misconduct: through professional responsibility training. Using states' staggered adoption of a required exam on professional responsibility, I find that requiring lawyers to pass the exam does indeed decrease misconduct.
https://www.law.umich.edu/centersandprograms/lawandeconomics/workshops/Documents/Paper%202.%20Kyle%20Rozema.Lawyer%20Misconduct%20in%20America.pdf
lawyer misconduct statistics
Public trust in the legal profession rests on regulators taking timely and effective action in response to misconduct. Usually, case-by-case analysis occurs after a claim or complaint is lodged with little attention on factors that may predispose a lawyer to misconduct. Vulnerability is a useful concept for understanding individuals' susceptibility to harm and for identifying safeguards to protect against that harm. This empirical study adds to the largely normative research on vulnerability with an analysis of 67 "problem lawyers" who were the subject of multiple complaints and at least one disciplinary hearing, a paid financial misconduct claim, or striking from the roll in Victoria, Australia between 2005 and 2015. We analysed determinations about these lawyers and identified a concatenation of factors associated with legal misconduct. Personal vulnerabilities included older age, male sex, poor health, and patterns of behaviour such as low conscientiousness. Situational vulnerabilities included working as a sole principal or in a small practice, excessive workload, and pressures from relationship breakdowns, death or illness in the family, or financial difficulties. These findings shed light on vulnerabilities to legal misconduct, and have implications for lawyer education and well-being, protection of clients, and efforts to reduce lapses in professionalism.
Vulnerability to legal misconduct: a profile of problem lawyers in Victoria, Australia
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09695958.2020.1751166
miscarriage court statistics
Rate of occurrence
Various studies estimate that in the United States, between 2.3 and 5% of all prisoners are innocent.[6] A study looking at 1970s and 1980s convictions in Virginia and matching them to later DNA analysis estimated a higher rate of wrongful conviction, at 11.6% of such cases.[7] One study estimated that up to 10,000 people may be wrongfully convicted of serious crimes each year.[8] A 2014 study published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences made a conservative estimate that 4.1% of inmates awaiting execution on death row in the United States are innocent, and that at least 340 innocent people may have been executed since 1973.[9][10]
According to Professor Boaz Sangero of the College of Law and Business in Ramat Gan, most wrongful convictions in Israel are for crimes less serious than major felonies such as rape and murder, as judicial systems are less careful in dealing with those cases.[11]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miscarriage_of_justice
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_miscarriage_of_justice_cases
More and more Americans are now representing themselves, with just one in four civil defendants represented by counsel, according to Bloomberg. This is down from nearly all defendants having lawyers in 1992, according to a 2015 study. The number of litigants without lawyers has risen in the four years since the study, as well.
An opportunity for justice is the "bedrock" of the American legal system, but pro se litigants up against attorneys are unlikely to win their cases or settle on beneficial terms.
Trish McAllister, head of the Texas Access to Justice Commission said: "It's really a crisis. People aren't able to get into the courts and they're not able to navigate them once they're there."
Money is the holdup in most cases: litigants simply can't afford counsel and most attorneys won't take cases where the payoffs are too small to justify the court appearance. Last year, the Trump administration effectively closed the Justice Department's Office for Access to Justice, which was set up to provide access to lawyers for all Americans.
https://www.zerohedge.com/personal-finance/americans-simply-cant-afford-lawyers-anymore
evidence tampering statistics
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tampering_with_evidence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spoliation_of_evidence
Obstruction of justice, in United States jurisdictions, is a crime consisting of obstructing prosecutors, investigators, or other government officials. Common law jurisdictions other than the United States tend to use the wider offense of perverting the course of justice.
Obstruction is a broad crime that may include acts such as perjury, making false statements to officials, witness tampering, jury tampering, destruction of evidence, and many others. Obstruction also applies to overt coercion of court or government officials via the means of threats or actual physical harm, and also applying to deliberate sedition against a court official to undermine the appearance of legitimate authority.[citation needed]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obstruction_of_justice
Police misconduct refers to inappropriate conduct and illegal actions taken by police officers in connection with their official duties. Types of misconduct include: coerced false confession, intimidation, false arrest, false imprisonment, falsification of evidence, spoliation of evidence, police perjury, witness tampering, police brutality, police corruption, racial profiling, unwarranted surveillance, unwarranted searches, and unwarranted seizure of property.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_misconduct
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witness_tampering
The Stop Snitchin' campaign first gained national attention in late 2004 in Baltimore, Maryland, when a DVD released by Rodney Bethea[2] titled "Stop Snitching!" began to circulate. However, the slogan "Stop Snitchin'" and many other variations have existed in the United States long before the campaign became popular.
In some footage, a number of men claiming to be drug dealers address the camera, and threaten violence against anyone who reports what they know about their crimes to the authorities. This threat is directed especially towards those who inform on others to get a lighter sentence for their own crimes. NBA star Carmelo Anthony briefly appeared in the video.[3] In subsequent interviews, Anthony claimed that his appearance in the video was a joke, the product of his neighborhood friends making a home movie.[4] Anthony claims that the film's message should not be taken seriously.[5]
As the DVD spread across the country, corresponding shirts became popular in urban youth fashion. The shirts typically show a stop sign emblazoned with the words "Stop Snitchin'". Some shirts bear bullet holes, implying that snitches should (or will) be shot and sent to the hospital, thus referencing its associated catchphrase "snitches get stitches". The shirts have been more widely circulated than the original DVD.[citation needed]
The Diplomats, a Harlem-based rap group, made their own version of the Stop Snitchin' shirts, with their logo on the end of the short sleeves. Another such shirt says "I'll never Tell". A new breed of shirts appeared for sale in flea markets and bazaars in south Dallas, Texas, in mid-2010. The new shirts extolled the benefits of "keeping yo' mouth shut" in regards to a trial involving one "Fifi/Lisa" and one "Baldy/Red". Further details of the trial, including a list of various charges set forth on the couple, are listed on the back of the shirt.
The video's creator, Rodney Thomas, a.k.a. "Skinny Suge", pleaded guilty to first-degree assault on January 17, 2006, in Baltimore and was sentenced to 15 years in prison, with all but three years suspended.[2]
National examples of violence due to "snitching" include Angela Dawson of Baltimore, who was killed along with her five children and husband on October 16, 2002, when their house was firebombed after she alerted police to illegal activities in her neighborhood.[6] Another example is Michael Brewer of Deerfield Beach, Florida, a 15-year-old who, in October 2009, was doused in rubbing alcohol and set on fire after assailants yelled, "He's a snitch, he's a snitch."[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stop_Snitchin%27
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security_bag
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evidence_packaging
The Courts are not bound by statistics however there must be reasonable consistency in sentences. A Magistrate or Judge should have regard to what has been done in other cases. In Green [2011] HCA 45, the plurity judgement of French CJ, Kiefel and Creennan JJ stated:
"Equal Justice" embodies the norm expressed in the terms "equality before the law". It is an aspect of the rule of law.
For Tampering with Evidence 20% of offenders received full time imprisonment whereas 40% received a s9 good behaviour bond.
https://www.nationalcriminallawyers.com.au/tampering-with-evidence/
https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/do-police-make-up-evidence-to-get-convictions/
justice vs cost of lawyer
https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/defeated-by-high-legal-costs-the-terrible-injustice-most-of-us-could-face-20170829-gy68pr.html
https://www.liv.asn.au/Staying-Informed/LIJ/LIJ/September-2017/Charging-For-Access-To-Justice
That was in 1976. In recent decades, the scientific validity of forensic hypnosis has been called into question by experts who study how memory operates, especially in police interviews and courtrooms. It is one example of a growing number of forensic practices – including the analysis of blood spatter patterns and the study of what distinguishes arson from accidental fires – that prosecutors once relied on to secure convictions, but which are now considered to be unreliable. "The breadth of scientific error in forensic disciplines is breathtaking," Ben Wolff, an attorney for Flores, told me.
After reading about Flores's case, Gardner got in touch with a hypnosis expert named Dr Steven Lynn. As a young psychologist in the 1970s, Lynn was a "true believer" in the power of hypnosis to retrieve memories, he later testified in a hearing in Flores's case. But when Lynn began to test this assumption, he found that in study after study, hypnosis actually harmed subjects' recall. It led them to "recover" at least as many false memories as accurate ones, while increasing their confidence in the memories' accuracy. "Maybe they're having a very vivid experience during hypnosis, but that experience is not necessarily a truthful experience," Lynn told the court.
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/oct/04/false-witness-us-using-hypnosis-convict-criminals
overturned appeals legal system
According to the last examination done by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, about 15 percent of civil trial decisions were appealed, about half by plaintiffs and half by defendants. Of these appeals, about 43 percent were dismissed or withdrawn, often due to the parties' ­settling. In the ­remaining 57 percent, about a third were modified or reversed, either by an intermediate court or a court of last resort. Interestingly, verdicts in favor of plaintiffs were modified or reversed twice as often as judgments favoring defendants. So roughly one in five appealed decisions are invalidated, but most of those cases are sent back for a new trial, some with instructions for modifying an award.
https://parade.com/37863/marilynvossavant/03-what-percentage-appealed-cases-overturned/
wrong judgement law system
https://www.theguardian.com/law/2013/dec/04/law-cases-essential-student
mandatory justice
http://www.smartjustice.org.au/cb_pages/fs_mandatory_sentencing.php
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandatory_sentencing
http://theconversation.com/mandatory-minimum-sentences-and-populist-criminal-justice-policy-do-not-work-heres-why-76142
The Innocence Network is an affiliation of organizations dedicated to providing pro bono legal and investigative services to individuals seeking to prove innocence of crimes for which they have been convicted and working to redress the causes of wrongful convictions.[1] Most organizations involved are in the United States, covering all 50 states; however, the network includes organizations in Canada, Australia, and the UK.[2]
In 2013, the work of Innocence Network member organizations led to the exoneration of 31 people imprisoned for crimes they did not commit.[3]
Founding
The Innocence Project was established in the wake of a study by the United States Department of Justice and United States Senate, in conjunction with the Jewish Yeshiva University's Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, which claimed that incorrect identification by eyewitnesses was a factor in over 70% of wrongful convictions.[10] The original Innocence Project was founded in 1992 by Scheck and Neufeld as part of the Cardozo School of Law of Yeshiva University in New York City. It became an independent 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization on January 28, 2003,[11] but it maintains institutional connections with Cardozo.[12] As of September 5, 2018, the executive director of the Innocence Project is Madeline deLone.[13]
The Innocence Project has become widespread as countries are using scientific data to overturn wrongful convictions and in turn freeing those wrongly convicted. One such example exists in the Republic of Ireland where in 2009 a project was set up at Griffith College Dublin.[14]
...
Work
The Innocence Project originated in New York City but accepts cases from any part of the United States. The majority of clients helped are of low socio-economic status and have used all possible legal options for justice. Many clients hope that DNA evidence will prove their innocence, as the emergence of DNA testing allows those who have been wrongly convicted of crimes to challenge their cases. The Innocence Project also works with the local, state and federal levels of law enforcement, legislators, and other programs to prevent further wrongful convictions.[7]
About 3,000 prisoners write to the Innocence Project annually, and at any given time the Innocence Project is evaluating 6,000 to 8,000 potential cases.[27]
All potential clients go through an extensive screening process to determine whether or not they are likely to be innocent. If they pass the process, the Innocence Project takes up their case. In almost half of the cases that the Innocence Project takes on, the clients' guilt is reconfirmed by DNA testing. Of all the cases taken on by the Innocence Project, about 43% of clients were proven innocent, 42% were confirmed guilty, and evidence was inconclusive and not probative in 15% of cases. In about 40% of all DNA exoneration cases, law enforcement officials identified the actual perpetrator based on the same DNA test results that led to an exoneration.[28]
Funding
The Innocence Project, as of June 2018, receives 55% of its funding from individual contributions, 16% from foundations, 16% from events, 8% from investments, and the remainder from corporations, Yeshiva University, and other sources.[29]
Innocence Network
The Innocence Project is a founder of the Innocence Network, an organization of law and journalism schools, and public defense offices that collaborate to help convicted felons prove their innocence.[7] 46 American states along with several other countries are a part of the network. In 2010, 29 people were exonerated worldwide from the work of the members of this organization.[30]
The Innocence Network brings together a growing number of innocence organizations from across the United States, as well as including members from other English-speaking common law countries: Australia, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom.[31]
In South Africa, the Wits Justice Project investigates South African incarcerations. In partnership with the Wits Law Clinic, the Julia Mashele Trust, the Legal Resource Centre (LRC), the Open Democracy Advice Centre (ODAC), the US Innocence Project, and the Justice Project investigate individual cases of prisoners wrongly convicted or awaiting trial.[32]
Causes of wrongful conviction
There are many reasons why wrongful convictions occur. The most common reason is false eyewitness identification, which played a role in more than 75% of wrongful convictions overturned by the Innocence Project. Often assumed to be incontrovertible, a growing body of evidence suggests that eyewitness identifications are unreliable.[33] Another cause for misidentification is when a "show-up" procedure occurs. This is when a suspect is shown at the scene of a crime in a poorly lit lot or in a police car. Someone might also misidentify when they learn more about the suspect; it may cause them to change their description.[34][35]
Unreliable or improper forensic science played a role in some 50% of Innocence Project cases. Scientific techniques such as bite-mark comparison, once widely used, are now known to be subjective. Many forensic science techniques also lack uniform scientific standards.[36]
In about 25% of DNA exoneration cases, innocent people were coerced into making false confessions. Many of these false confessors went on to plead guilty to crimes they did not commit (usually to avoid a harsher sentence or even the death penalty).
Government misconduct,[37] inadequate legal counsel,[38] and the improper use of informants[39] also contributed to many of the wrongful convictions since overturned by the Innocence Project.
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/11/a-sea-of-fakery-random-stuff-and-more.html
bail runner statistics
- one strange thing I've found is that white collar crime is more costly then street crime but the primary focus feels like street crime?
US voter suppression - Analysts say African Americans targeted
white collar crime statistics
It is estimated that approximately 36% of businesses (PricewaterhouseCoopers, 2016) and approximately 25% of households (NW3C, 2010) have been victims of white-collar crimes in recent years, compared to an 8% and 1.1% prevalence rate of traditional property and violent crime, respectively (Truman & Langton, 2015).
Statistical Analysis of White-Collar Crime
inequality and criminal behaviour correlation
conviction rate white collar crime
white collar vs street crime statistics
According to the FBI, the annual cost of street crime is $15 billion compared to nearly $1 trillion for white-collar crime. If you are shocked by these statistics, it is not surprising. ... As a result, white-collar criminals are extremely difficult to apprehend and prosecute, even when they do tremendous harm to society.
criminal prosecution statistics by demographic
Arrests by offense, age, and race
- confession rate of ~95% in some jurisdictions seems crazy high. When you dig deeper you realise that many of these may be false confessions?
false confessions statistics
What is the percentage of false confessions?
According to the Innocence Project, 30 percent of all DNA exonerations involve false confessions. The National Registry of Exonerations estimates that 182 out of 1432 known exonerations (or 13 percent) involved a false confession as a contributing factor.
If you were under interrogation, would you confess to a crime you didn’t commit?
It’s more common than you might think. According to the National Registry of Exonerations, 27 percent of people in the registry who were accused of homicide gave false confessions, and 81 percent of people with mental illness or intellectual disabilities did the same when they were accused of homicide.
But why?
Scientists are working to understand more about the psychology of false confessions. In “The confession,” an article in the journal Science, journalist Douglas Starr focuses on one of them. Starr features Saul Kassin, a psychologist and interrogation expert who is changing the way law enforcement thinks about interrogation.
Kassin has testified in criminal matters, such as the one concerning Barry Laughman, a 24-year-old with an intellectual disability who was wrongfully convicted of rape and murder in 1988. His research has revealed more about how police interrogation techniques, such as applying increased psychological pressure and bluffing with suggestions of additional incriminating evidence, put people at risk for false confessions.
Starr delves into that research and speaks with detractors who say Kassin’s studies don’t apply to real-life interrogations. He paints a picture of a confrontational criminal justice system that inadvertently triggers false confessions.
It’s a system that’s primed for change. “Confessions are being questioned as never before,” Starr writes, “not just by defense lawyers, but by lawmakers and some police departments, which are reexamining their approach to interrogation.”
His incisive examination of the present and future of interrogation provokes questions about how to move forward, and a reconsideration of the lives that have been irrevocably changed by false testimony.
Would you confess to a crime you didn't commit?
It's a question to which most people would respond with a confident and resounding "no".
That is because few people are aware of the techniques police in the United States are permitted to use during interrogations; techniques that presume guilt and are designed to break people down into a sense of complete despair before offering them one route out: a confession.
In fact, in the US, more than 25 percent of overturned wrongful convictions involve a false confession.
"Any time you do an exoneration case where there's been a false confession, it's like trying to ride a tricycle uphill," explains defence attorney Jane Fisher-Byrialsen. "Everybody's already against you, the person's been convicted by a jury, the judge thinks he's guilty, the jury thinks he's guilty. Now you have to convince everybody that they're wrong."
- here's what's really strange. If you examine crime over a longer timespan and geographic not much has actually changed? Crime just morphs into other forms?
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/mums-make-porn
ttps://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/porn-laid-bare
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/sex-industry-uncovered
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/student-sex-workers
san francisco 2002 to 2008 crime
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/cacrime.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/dccrime.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/nmcrimn.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/txcrime.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/uscrime.htm
Reform efforts
Recidivism and re-entry initiative
Back on Track graduation
In 2004, Harris recruited civil rights activist Lateefah Simon, the youngest woman to ever receive a MacArthur Fellowship, to create San Francisco Reentry Division.[78] The flagship program was the Back on Track initiative, a first-of-its-kind reentry program for first-time nonviolent offenders age 18–30.[citation needed] Initiative participants whose crimes were not weapon or gang-related would plead guilty in exchange for a deferral of sentencing and regular appearances before a judge over a 12 to 18-month period. The program maintained rigorous graduation requirements, mandating completion of up to 220 hours of community service, obtaining a high-school-equivalency diploma, maintaining steady employment, taking parenting classes, and passing drug tests. At graduation, the court would dismiss the case and expunge the graduate's record.[79] Over six years, Harris's pioneer program produced over 200 graduates, and achieved a low recidivism rate of less than 10 percent, compared to 53 percent of California's drug offenders that returned to prison within two years of release. Back on Track earned recognition from the U.S. Department of Justice as a model for reentry programs. The DOJ found that the cost to the taxpayers per participant was markedly lower ($5,000) than the cost of adjudicating a case ($10,000) and housing a low-level offender ($50,000).[80] In 2009, a state law (the Back on Track Reentry Act, A.B. 750) was enacted, encouraging other California counties to start similar programs.[81][82] Adopted by the National District Attorneys Association as a model, prosecutor offices in Baltimore, Philadelphia, and Atlanta have used Back on Track as a template for their own programs.[83][84][85]
...
Truancy initiative
In 2006, as part of an initiative to reduce the city's skyrocketing homicide rate, Harris led a city-wide effort to combat truancy for at-risk elementary school youth in San Francisco.[93] Declaring chronic truancy a matter of public safety and pointing out that the majority of prison inmates and homicide victims are dropouts or habitual truants, Harris's office met with thousands of parents at high-risk schools and sent out letters warning all families of the legal consequences of truancy at the beginning of the fall semester, adding she would prosecute the parents of chronically truant elementary students; penalties included a $2,500 fine and up to a year in jail.[94] The program was controversial when introduced.
In 2008, Harris issued citations against six parents whose children missed at least 50 days of school, the first time San Francisco prosecuted adults for student truancy. San Francisco's school chief, Carlos Garcia, stated that the path from truancy to prosecution was lengthy, and that the school district usually spends months encouraging parents through phone calls, reminder letters, private meetings, hearings before the School Attendance Review Board, and offers of help from city agencies and social services; two of the six parents entered no plea but said they would work with the DA's office and social service agencies to create "parental responsibility plans" to help them start sending their children to school regularly.[95] By April 2009, there were 1,330 elementary school students who were habitual or chronic truants, down 23% from 1,730 in 2008, and down from 2,517 in 2007 and from 2,856 in 2006.[96] Harris's office prosecuted seven parents in three years, with none jailed.[96]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamala_Harris
homicide rate san francisco trend
https://patch.com/california/san-francisco/san-francisco-homicide-rate-plummets-2019
https://www.sanfranciscopolice.org/stay-safe/crime-data/crime-dashboard
guns per capita by country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estimated_number_of_civilian_guns_per_capita_by_country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_guns_and_homicide
guns per capita by country trend
Figures from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention show there were a total of more than 38,600 deaths from guns in 2016 - of which more than 22,900 were suicides. Suicide by firearm accounts for almost half of all suicides in the US, according to the CDC.
A 2016 study published in the American Journal of Public Health found there was a strong relationship between higher levels of gun ownership in a state and higher firearm suicide rates for both men and women.
America's gun culture in charts
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-41488081
- more sane then mentally ill people are the problem in crimes? 1/10 homocides caused by sane people? Wrong, bad medication, dosage, etc... causes all sorts of problems. This is what I suspected? Most problems are action/reaction? I wonder how many are undiagnosed mental illness? In this respect experiments into torture and madness is interesting and useful?
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/09/ancient-astronautsmythologyarchaeologys_24.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/mental-illness-and-human-mind-control.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/things-spies-have-stolen-random-stuff.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
https://www.abc.net.au/radio/programs/the-signal/mental-health-emergencies/12587680
how many criminals get themselves deliberately thrown into prison
To sneak contraband into jail
To get access to healthcare
To quit smoking
To kick a drug habit
Because jail is better than life on the streets
To prove a point
To find out what jail is like
Because they're lonely
https://www.businessinsider.com.au/jail-getting-arrested-deliberately-2018-3?r=US&IR=T
https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/12/i-got-myself-arrested-so-i-could-look-inside-the-justice-system/282360/
Criminals are deliberately getting themselves arrested so they can sell drugs to prison inmates, a police expert has warned his fellow officers.
With drugs like spice thought to be selling for many times their street value in prison, it is feared that some repeat offenders now see a short jail sentence as the chance to make a tidy profit.
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/spice-legal-highs-in-prison-criminals-deliberately-get-arrested-to-sell-drugs-in-jail-smuggled-a7955271.html
https://theconversation.com/homeless-more-than-a-third-of-people-leaving-prison-say-they-have-nowhere-to-go-124948
Japan is in the grip of an elderly crime wave - the proportion of crimes committed by people over the age of 65 has been steadily increasing for 20 years. The BBC's Ed Butler asks why.
At a halfway house in Hiroshima - for criminals who are being released from jail back into the community - 69-year-old Toshio Takata tells me he broke the law because he was poor. He wanted somewhere to live free of charge, even if it was behind bars.
"I reached pension age and then I ran out of money. So it occurred to me - perhaps I could live for free if I lived in jail," he says.
"So I took a bicycle and rode it to the police station and told the guy there: 'Look, I took this.'"
The plan worked. This was Toshio's first offence, committed when he was 62, but Japanese courts treat petty theft seriously, so it was enough to get him a one-year sentence.
Small, slender, and with a tendency to giggle, Toshio looks nothing like a habitual criminal, much less someone who'd threaten women with knives. But after he was released from his first sentence, that's exactly what he did.
"I went to a park and just threatened them. I wasn't intending to do any harm. I just showed the knife to them hoping one of them would call the police. One did."
...
And like Toshio, many of these elderly lawbreakers are repeat offenders. Of the 2,500 over-65s convicted in 2016, more than a third had more than five previous convictions.
Another example is Keiko (not her real name). Seventy years old, small, and neatly presented, she also tells me that it was poverty that was her undoing.
"I couldn't get along with my husband. I had nowhere to live and no place to stay. So it became my only choice: to steal," she says. "Even women in their 80s who can't properly walk are committing crime. It's because they can't find food, money."
...
Michael Newman argues that it would be far better - and much cheaper - to look after the elderly without the expense of court proceedings and incarceration.
"We actually costed a model to build an industrial complex retirement village where people would forfeit half their pension but get free food, free board and healthcare and so on, and get to play karaoke or gate-ball with the other residents and have a relative amount of freedom. It would cost way less than what the government's spending at the moment," he says.
Why some Japanese pensioners want to go to jail
https://www.bbc.com/news/stories-47033704
criminality in family statistics
https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi414
When Crime Is a Family Affair
Kids have a habit of imitating their parents' criminal behavior. It's no wonder, then, that by one measure, 10 percent of families account for two-thirds of criminals.
When kids choose a profession, they tend to follow in their parents' footsteps: Doctors' children often become doctors, lawyers produce lawyers, and plumbers beget plumbers. So, after 15 years of covering crime and criminal justice for The New York Times, I was fascinated by studies—conducted in cities across the United States and in London, England, with near-identical results—showing that crime, too, can run in families. In the most famous study, researchers followed 411 boys from South London from 1961 to 2001 and found that half of the convicted kids were accounted for by 6 percent of all families; two-thirds of them came from 10 percent of the families.  
This intergenerational transmission of violence was first documented in the 1940s when a husband-and-wife team at Harvard Law School found that two-thirds of boys in the Boston area sent by a court to a reformatory had a father who had been arrested; 45 percent also had a mother who had been arrested. And, in 2007, the Justice Department's Bureau of Justice Statistics concluded that half of the roughly 800,000 parents behind bars have a close relative who has previously been incarcerated.
Yet, despite the abundance of evidence showing the role of family in crime, criminologists and policymakers have largely neglected this factor—as the University of Maryland criminologist John Laub told me, it's because any suggestion of a possible biological or genetic basis for crime could be misconstrued as racism. Instead, researchers have looked at other well-known risk causes like poverty, deviant peers at school, drugs, and gangs. Of course, these are real issues. But, a child's life begins at home with the family even before the neighborhood, friends, or classmates can lead them astray.
https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/10/crime-runs-family/573394/
https://www.foxnews.com/politics/who-is-jon-ponder-convicted-bank-robber-pardoned-by-trump
https://hopeforprisoners.org/
https://hopeforprisoners.org/our-story/
https://hopeforprisoners.org/about-us/
https://www.foxbusiness.com/money/new-jersey-proposes-first-ever-1000-baby-bond-to-narrow-wealth-gap
- you have to wonder how many criminals would genuinely prefer a normal crime free life if offered the opportunity? One strange and interesting theme for me is that it seems to be cheaper to give (non dangerous and those who genuinely want to change) criminals and homeless a second chance in life then leave them incarcerate or penalise them? It's obvious that many of them didn't really get the life skills they should have while younger?
Economic Update - Externalities & Capitalism's Inefficiencies
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-11/png-people-of-bushwara-face-another-eviction/12980362
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/12/angels-and-demons-random-stuff-and-more.html
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=criminology
https://www.youtube.com/c/CriminologyWeb/videos
https://www.youtube.com/c/JCSCriminalPsychology/videos
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/health-sports-psychology/social-care/fuel-poverty-scotland/content-section-0
filthy rich and homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/guide/article/2020/05/07/five-high-profile-australians-swap-privilege-life-streets-filthy-rich-homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/programs/filthy-rich-and-homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/filthy-rich-and-homeless
portugal confiscate real estate unused
More than 11m homes lie empty across Europe – enough to house all of the continent's homeless twice over – according to figures collated by the Guardian from across the EU.
In Spain more than 3.4m homes lie vacant, in excess of 2m homes are empty in each of France and Italy, 1.8m in Germany and more than 700,000 in the UK.
There are also a large numbers of vacant homes in Ireland, Greece, Portugal and several other countries, according to information collated by the Guardian.
Many of the homes are in vast holiday resorts built in the feverish housing boom in the run up to the 2007-08 financial crisis – and have never been occupied.
On top of the 11m empty homes – many of which were bought as investments by people who never intended to live in them – hundreds of thousands of half-built homes have been bulldozed in an attempt to shore up the prices of existing properties.
Housing campaigners said the "incredible number" of homes lying empty while millions of poor people were crying out for shelter was a "shocking waste".
"It's incredible. It's a massive number," said David Ireland, chief executive of the Empty Homes charity, which campaigns for vacant homes to be made available for those who need housing. "It will be shocking to ordinary people.
"Homes are built for people to live in, if they're not being lived in then something has gone seriously wrong with the housing market."
Ireland said policymakers urgently needed to tackle the issue of wealthy buyers using houses as "investment vehicles" – not homes.
He said Europe's 11m empty homes might not be in the right places "but there is enough [vacant housing] to meet the problem of homelessness". There are 4.1 million homeless across Europe, according to the European Union.
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/feb/23/europe-11m-empty-properties-enough-house-homeless-continent-twice
As bargain-hunters waited in a packed room at a property auction in Lisbon last month, one language dominated their chat: Mandarin.
About 90 per cent of the bidders for the government-owned apartments and stores on offer were Chinese, according to Jorge Oliveira, the official overseeing the asset sale. They ended up acquiring more than two-thirds of the 45 properties, he said.
https://www.smh.com.au/business/companies/chinese-making-90-of-property-bids-in-portugal-20141104-11gjfe.html
https://list.juwai.com/news/2020/06/6-reasons-chinese-attracted-portugal
sweden homeless
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_homeless_population
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_home_ownership_rate
utah homelessness micro home experiment
At that conference, a founder of the Housing First philosophy, Sam Tsemberis, told him that chronically homeless people cost the government a lot of money when they're living on the street, because of services like emergency room visits and jail time.
HUD estimates that annual cost as between $30,000 and $50,000 per person.
Housing them simply costs a lot less.
https://www.npr.org/2015/12/10/459100751/utah-reduced-chronic-homelessness-by-91-percent-heres-how
criminal reintegration programs
https://www.corrections.vic.gov.au/release/transitional-programs
Effective Reentry Programs
While research has clearly revealed that the barriers discussed above result in higher recidivism and hinder successful reentry, not much is known about a sustainable model of elements necessary for reentry programs to significantly impact our 83 percent national recidivism for the long-term. Most of the current research available highlights specific programs and their impact standing alone.
For example, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas has studied one reentry program in their local community to discover whether it results in increased employment and reduced recidivism. Hope for Prisoners is an 18-month reentry program that provides pre-vocational programming, job placement, and mentoring. The program's unique strength is its relationship with local law enforcement, with many of its program mentors being members of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department. The study found that 64 percent of participants found stable employment post-graduation from the program and only 6 percent were re-incarcerated within 18 months, compared to the standard results of 44 percent (national estimate) and 46 percent (Utah) respectively.
Another community-based reentry program that has been found to be highly effective is the Prison Entrepreneurship Program. While a participant of this program is incarcerated, he receives a "mini-MBA" which includes character, leadership, and business curriculum. Upon release, the program provides transitional housing, employment assistance, counseling, and other support services. Since its inception, the program has had 1,300 graduates with more than 200 starting a business upon release. The program has a three-year recidivism rate of 7 percent, 100 percent of its graduates are employed within 90 days of release from prison, and 41 percent of its graduates earn a salary of more than $52,000 a year.
Research results of these two completely different programs speak volumes about the significant contributions they are having to public safety and economic growth in their communities. Other community-based reentry organizations across the country that have been shown to reduce recidivism include the Safer Foundation in Chicago, New Jersey Reentry Corporation, and the Center for Employment Opportunities (CEO).
https://www.charleskochinstitute.org/issue-areas/criminal-justice-policing-reform/reentry-programs/
crime breakdown statistics
https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/
https://www.crimestatistics.vic.gov.au/crime-statistics/latest-victorian-crime-data
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/crime-and-justice
This is the answer to homelessness: more affordable homes. It might sound too simple. Or, as Kent first thought, too good to be true. But if the pandemic has taught us anything it's that much of what was once considered impossible, or at least impractical, can be achieved, and quickly, if we want it enough.
As the streets of our cities emptied to stop the spread of COVID-19, tens of thousands of Australians without shelter were put up in hotels and rentals as part of a mammoth effort by state governments and frontline services. For a lucky minority, such as Petersen and Kent, the new digs have become permanent. But some are already finding themselves back where they started.
"People walk past homelessness thinking it's one of those things that'll never change," says University of Queensland researcher Cameron Parsell. "They also think it doesn't cost them anything. They're wrong on [both fronts]." Parsell's work has shown leaving someone on the street long-termcosts about $13,000 more per person every year than placing them in supported housing.
https://www.smh.com.au/national/bob-slept-on-trains-now-he-has-a-home-the-fix-was-simpler-than-you-might-think-20201016-p565s5.html
https://www.publicsafety.gc.ca/cnt/rsrcs/pblctns/scl-rntgrtn/index-en.aspx
https://study.com/academy/lesson/reintegration-definition-model-programs.html
https://www.socialsolutions.com/blog/4-elements-of-successful-reentry-programs-for-inmates/
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/05/more-social-and-economic-systems-music.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/11/a-sea-of-fakery-random-stuff-and-more.html
https://www.youtube.com/user/TRUTHstreammedia/videos
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/892283971737/dateline-indias-beautiful-minds
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/956403779729/dateline-indias-slumdog-press
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/60-days-in
homeless criminal correlation
Homeless people : their risk of victimisation
https://aic.gov.au/publications/crm/crm066
https://theconversation.com/carelessly-linking-crime-to-being-homeless-adds-to-the-harmful-stigma-117834
https://www.sydneycriminallawyers.com.au/blog/violent-cycles-homelessness-and-crime/
status quo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_quo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Status_Quo_(Jerusalem_and_Bethlehem)
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/oct/26/wild-hing-makes-indias-heart-sing-as-favourite-spice-is-home-grown-at-last
https://www.npr.org/2011/12/07/143251451/the-crackling-spices-of-indian-tempering
Almost 300,000 Bangladeshis are directly involved in catching hilsa and two million more are involved in the more lucrative business of transporting and selling the fish to consumers.
The fishermen, however, get little reward from their catch because they are forced to sell at low prices dictated by local wholesalers as a condition of the loans they provide to the fishermen.
"As you take money from me, you have to sell the fish at low price – these are the conditions between the wholesalers and the fishers," said Atiqur Rahman, a researcher for fishery NGO World Fish.
He said banks usually do not loan to fishermen, forcing them to rely on local businessmen or wholesalers who easily grant loans, but at high interest rates and with stringent conditions.
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/oct/26/we-do-not-get-a-chance-at-happiness-the-bangladeshi-fishermen-caught-by-debt
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/oct/26/australias-leaders-dont-even-try-to-understand-the-working-poor
prison and homelessness correlation
Social researchers and policymakers have long been aware of a strong association between incarceration and homelessness. Local and international studies consistently report the homeless are over-represented in prison and ex-prisoners are over-represented among the homeless.
https://theconversation.com/ex-prisoners-are-more-likely-to-become-homeless-but-the-reverse-isnt-true-113570
Jail Incarceration, Homelessness, and Mental Health: A National Study
https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/ps.2008.59.2.170
LOS ANGELES -- Serious crimes involving at least one homeless person rose 52 percent from 2017 to 2018, according to a new report from the Los Angeles Police Department, while crime decreased two percent citywide.
In 2017, there were 4,400 Part 1 crimes where a homeless person was either a suspect or a victim. Just one year later, the number skyrocketed to 6,671 Part 1 crimes involving the homeless, the report said.
Here are the crimes with a homeless suspect that had the biggest increase:
Rape (78 percent increase)
Robbery (64 percent increase)
Aggravated assault (56 percent increase)
Here are the top crimes where a homeless person was victimized:
Robbery (up 89 percent)
Larceny (up 86 percent)
Rape (up 71 percent)
The report didn't draw any conclusions as to why crime increased so much in a single year. In December, Los Angeles trained 100 new homeless outreach employees to help those sleeping on the streets get into shelter or housing.
But local business owners who operate near encampments say the city should do more to curb crime inside tent communities like the one on Venice Boulevard underneath the 405 freeway.
"It's not getting better. It's getting worse at a very fast pace," said George Frem, who owns Exclusive Motors. His surveillance cameras recently caught a shooting outside his business at the encampment across the street.
https://spectrumnews1.com/ca/la-west/news/2019/05/07/crime-among-the-homeless-explodes-in-los-angeles
inequality vs prison size correlation
The scale of incarceration is measured by a rate that records the fraction of the population in prison or jail on an average day. From 1980 to 2008, the U.S. incarceration rate climbed from 221 to 762 per 100,000. In the previous five decades, from the 1920s through the mid-1970s, the scale of punishment in America had been stable at around 100 per 100,000. Though the incarceration rate is now nearly eight times its historic average, the scale of punishment today gains its social force from its unequal distribution.
Like criminal activity, prisons and jails are overwhelmingly a male affair. Men account for 90 percent of the prison population and a similar proportion of those in local jails. The incarceration rate has been growing faster among women in recent decades, but the social impact of mass incarceration lies in the gross asymmetry of community and family attachment. Women remain in their communities raising children, while men confront the possibility of separation through incarceration.2 Age intensifies these effects: incarceration rates are highest for those in their twenties and early thirties. These are key years in the life course, when most men are establishing a pathway through adulthood by leaving school, getting a job, and starting a family. These years of early adulthood are important not just for a man's life trajectory, but also for the family and children that he helps support.
http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/103459/1/CASEpaper215.pdf
https://www.amacad.org/publication/incarceration-social-inequality
homelessness vs prison correlation
Social researchers and policymakers have long been aware of a strong association between incarceration and homelessness. Local and international studies consistently report the homeless are over-represented in prison and ex-prisoners are over-represented among the homeless.
That such a strong association exists should come as no surprise.
Both populations share many similar characteristics – lower education levels, high rates of mental and physical illness and substance misuse, as well as high rates of economic disadvantage.
https://theconversation.com/ex-prisoners-are-more-likely-to-become-homeless-but-the-reverse-isnt-true-113570
https://www.aihw.gov.au/news-media/media-releases/2019/may-1/prisoners-more-likely-to-be-homeless-unemployed-an
People experiencing homelessness are 11 times more likely to face incarceration compared to the general population, and formerly incarcerated individuals are nearly 10 times more likely to be homeless, a new study by the Texas Criminal Justice Coalition (TCJC) found.
The report, titled "Return to Nowhere: The Revolving Door Between Incarceration and Homelessness," is the fourth report in the TCJC series "One Size FAILS All."
https://thecrimereport.org/2019/02/22/homeless-formerly-incarcerated-more-likely-to-be-incarcerated-study/
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/pro-bono-work-and-social-justice/content-section-1
https://www.crowdjustice.com/case/108million/
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/world/philanthropy-is-still-dominated-by-the-ultrawealthy-but-asking-billionaires-to-solve-inequality-is-colossally-stupid/ar-BB1bG8us?getstaticpage=true
- I'm guessing a lot of people don't understand the f**k you/rapper mentality tends to present itself from a young age in many criminals? You see it in kids who don't think you care or aren't acting in their interests and seems to present itself in animals as well? Crime seems to rise when normal society has lost it's capacity to be able to take care of people via the legitimate economy? Most of the organised crime groups (very similar all over the world where ever you look?) seemed to be born when society failed a particular section of society? It seems as much the problem of the criminal as society in general? It reminds me of the end of the USSR and now possibly the end of the US empire?
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/02/a-new-cold-war-economic-crisis-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/07/are-we-now-ussr-brexit-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/education-development/early-years/attachment-the-early-years/content-section-0
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=60+days+in
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/60-days-in
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/black-market
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/black-market-dispatches
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/last-chance-high
Baby Orangutan Has A Tantrum When Separated From Favourite Care Worker | Meet The Orangutans
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FaZqLFlduJw
https://www.abc.net.au/everyday/why-kids-prefer-one-parent-and-tips-for-dealing/100004320
https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/truecrimeaustralia/police-courts/bikie-boss-mark-buddles-bid-for-sydney-mafia-drug-cartel/news-story/cf7c87ee4aaaea3d8b0ea28ee2085c96
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-mysteries-love/201611/parental-attachment-problems
https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/talking-about-trauma/201406/fragmented-child-disorganized-attachment-and-dissociation
notorious big drug trade
9. Biggie was dealing drugs in-between making 'Ready To Die'.
When Biggie's executive producer, Puff Daddy, was fired from Uptown half-way through recording the album he was left in no mans land. Biggie went back to drug dealing in North Caroline before returning the the studio a year later on Puff's Bad Boy Records label.
https://www.capitalxtra.com/features/lists/notorious-big-ready-to-die-facts/drug-dealing/
https://www.spin.com/2013/10/notorious-big-too-fat-street-corner-naming-brooklyn-christopher-wallace-way/
p diddy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean_Combs
Eminem & 50 Cent - Sing for the moment
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=evPJkCkH8cg
The Notorious BIG Mo Money Mo Problems Official Music Video
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUhRKVIjJtw
Mase was born Mason Durell Betha in Jacksonville, Florida, on August 27, 1975, as a fraternal twin born almost two months premature, to P. K. Betha and Mason Betha. He grew up with two brothers and three sisters, including his twin sister, Stason, born a few minutes after him. The father left the family when Mase was just three years old. In 1982 his mother moved herself and her children to Harlem, New York, where Mase spent the majority of his childhood. During his early teenage years, Betha began getting into trouble on the streets of Harlem, and when he was 13 his mother sent him back to Jacksonville to live with relatives. While living in Jacksonville, Betha first began attending church. After returning to live in Harlem at age 15, Betha began showing promise as a basketball player, becoming the leading point guard for his team at Manhattan Center high school during the 1993 season, where he played alongside Cameron Giles, who went on to be the rapper known as Cam'ron. He had hopes of joining the National Basketball Association (NBA), but was unable to make it into a Division I College due to his poor academic scores. He attended State University of New York at Purchase, where he grew to realize he was unlikely to make the NBA and instead began focusing more on writing music, producing demo tapes and regularly performing at local nightclubs. Betha eventually dropped out of college and focused on his music career full time.[1][6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mase
Jackson was born in the borough of Queens, New York City, and raised in its South Jamaica neighborhood[3] by his mother Sabrina. A drug dealer, Sabrina raised Jackson until she died in a fire when Jackson was 8.[11][12] After his mother's death and his father's departure, Jackson was raised by his grandmother.[13]
He began boxing at about age 11, and when he was 14, a neighbor opened a boxing gym for local youth. "When I wasn't killing time in school, I was sparring in the gym or selling crack on the strip," Jackson remembered.[14] He sold crack during primary school.[15] "I was competitive in the ring and hip-hop is competitive too ... I think rappers condition themselves like boxers, so they all kind of feel like they're the champ."[16] At age 12, Jackson began dealing narcotics when his grandparents thought he was in after-school programs[17] and brought guns and drug money to school. In the tenth grade, he was caught by metal detectors at Andrew Jackson High School: "I was embarrassed that I got arrested like that ... After I got arrested I stopped hiding it. I was telling my grandmother [openly], 'I sell drugs.'"[18]
On June 29, 1994, Jackson was arrested for selling four vials of cocaine to an undercover police officer. He was arrested again three weeks later, when police searched his home and found heroin, ten ounces of crack cocaine, and a starting pistol. Although Jackson was sentenced to three to nine years in prison, he served six months in a boot camp and earned his GED. He has said that he did not use cocaine himself.[13][19][20] Jackson adopted the nickname "50 Cent" as a metaphor for change.[21] The name was inspired by Kelvin Martin, a 1980s Brooklyn robber known as "50 Cent"; Jackson chose it "because it says everything I want it to say. I'm the same kind of person 50 Cent was. I provide for myself by any means."[22]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/50_Cent
Joaquín Archivaldo Guzmán Loera was born on 4 April 1957 into a poor family in the rural community of La Tuna, Badiraguato, Sinaloa, Mexico.[22][23][a][26] His parents were Emilio Guzmán Bustillos and María Consuelo Loera Pérez.[27] His paternal grandparents were Juan Guzmán and Otilia Bustillos, and his maternal grandparents were Ovidio Loera Cobret and Pomposa Pérez Uriarte. For many generations, his family lived at La Tuna.[28] His father was officially a cattle rancher, as were most in the area where he grew up; according to some sources, however, he might also have been a gomero, an opium poppy farmer.[29] He has two younger sisters named Armida and Bernarda and four younger brothers named Miguel Ángel, Aureliano, Arturo, and Emilio. He had three unnamed older brothers who reportedly died of natural causes when he was very young.[28]
Few details are known of Guzmán's upbringing. As a child, he sold oranges and dropped out of school in third grade to work with his father and as a result is functionally illiterate.[15] [30] He was known for being a practical joker and enjoyed playing pranks on his friends and family when he was young.[31] He was regularly beaten, and he sometimes fled to his maternal grandmother's house to escape such treatment. However, he stood up to his father to protect his younger siblings from being beaten.[32][33] It is possible that Guzmán incurred his father's wrath for trying to stop him from beating them. His mother, however, was his "foundation of emotional support".[34] The nearest school to his home was about 60 miles (100 km) away, and he was taught by traveling teachers during his early years. The teachers stayed for a few months before moving to other areas.[33] With few opportunities for employment in his hometown, he turned to the cultivation of opium poppy, a common practice among local residents.[35] During harvest season, Guzmán and his brothers hiked the hills of Badiraguato to cut the bud of the poppy. Once the plant was stacked in kilos, his father sold the harvest to other suppliers in Culiacán and Guamúchil.[36] He sold marijuana at commercial centers near the area while accompanied by Guzmán. His father spent most of the profits on liquor and women and often returned home with no money. Tired of his mismanagement, Guzmán cultivated his own marijuana plantation at age 15 with cousins Arturo, Alfredo, Carlos, and Héctor Beltrán Leyva, and he supported his family with his marijuana production.[32]
When he was a teenager, however, his father kicked him out of the house, and he went to live with his grandfather.[37] It was during his adolescence that Guzmán gained the nickname "El Chapo", Mexican slang for "shorty", for his 1.68 metres (5 ft 6 in) stature and stocky physique.[38][39] Most people in Badiraguato worked in the poppy fields of the Sierra Madre Occidental for most of their lives, but Guzmán left his hometown in search of greater opportunities through his uncle Pedro Avilés Pérez, one of the pioneers of Mexican drug trafficking. He left Badiraguato in his 20s and joined organized crime.[40]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_%22El_Chapo%22_Guzm%C3%A1n
mo money mo problems lyrics
Uhh, uhhh
B.I.G., P-O, P-P-A
No info, for the, DEA
Federal agents mad cause I'm flagrant
Tap my cell, and the phone in the basement
My team supreme, stay clean
Triple beam lyrical dream, I be that
Cat you see at all events bent
Gats in holsters girls on shoulders
Playboy, I told ya, being mice to me
Bruise too much, I lose, too much
Step on stage the girls boo too much
I guess it's cause you run with lame dudes too much
Me lose my touch, never that
If I did, ain't no problem to get the gat
Where the true players at?
Throw your rollies in the sky
Wave em side to side and keep their hands high
While I give your girl the eye, player please
Lyrically, niggas see, B.I.G.
Be flossing jig on the cover of Fortune
Five double oh, here's my phone number
Your name, I got to know, I got to go
Got the flow down phizat, platinum plus
Like thizat, dangerous
On trizack, leave your ass kizzack
https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/notoriousbig/momoneymoproblems.html
https://genius.com/The-notorious-big-mo-money-mo-problems-lyrics
p diddy notorious big friendship
March 9 marked the 21-year anniversary of Notorious B.I.G.'s tragic death. Even though the rapper is no longer with us, his legacy is carried on by his family and friends, including best friend Sean "Diddy" Combs.
The duo first met in 1992 when Diddy arranged to meet with Biggie after seeing his feature in The Source magazine's "Unsigned Hype" column. "The first time I met B.I.G., I brought him to a soul food restaurant called Sylvia's, uptown in Harlem," Diddy recalled in a 2017 interview with Revolt. "The first thing that I remember was how big and black he was . . . This is during the time of Al B. Sure and LL Cool J. Dark skin wasn't in. He was beyond dark-skinned. I remember him sitting down and he really didn't have anything to say. So you have this big guy who has this in-your-face rap attitude, but was quiet."
https://www.popsugar.com/celebrity/How-Did-Diddy-Biggie-Smalls-Meet-44663280
https://www.biography.com/news/biggie-tupac-friends-rivals-east-coast-west-coast
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=enimem+beautiful
Eminem - Beautiful (Official Music Video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lgT1AidzRWM
Beautiful Eminem - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NH0tt7K_TF0
eminem beautiful
Nobody asked for life to deal us
With these bullshit hands we're dealt
We gotta take these cards ourselves
And flip them, don't expect no help
Now I could have either just
Sat on my ass and pissed and moaned
Or take this situation in which I'm placed in
And get up and get my own
I was never the type of kid
To wait by the door and pack his bags
Who sat on the porch and hoped and prayed
For a dad to show up who never did
I just wanted to fit in
In every single place
Every school I went
I dreamed of being that cool kid
Even if it meant acting stupid

Aunt Edna always told me "Keep makin' that face it'll get stuck like that"
Meanwhile I'm just standin' there
Holdin' my tongue tryna talk like this
'Til I stuck my tongue on that frozen stop sign pole at 8 years old
I learned my lesson then cause I wasn't tryna impress my friends no more
But I already told you my whole life story
Not just based on my description
'Cause where you see it from where you're sitting
It's probably 110% different
I guess we would have to walk a mile
In each other's shoes, at least
What size you wear? I wear tens
Let's see if you can fit your feet

In my shoes, just to see
What it's like, to be me
I'll be you, let's trade shoes
Just to see what it'd be like to
Feel your pain, you feel mine
Go inside each other's minds
Just to see what we find
Look at shit through each other's eyes
But don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful, oh
They can all get fucked.
Just stay true to you
So don't let 'em say you ain't beautiful
Oh, they can all get fucked.
Just stay true to you, yeah, so...
https://www.azlyrics.com/lyrics/eminem/beautiful.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beautiful_(Eminem_song)
https://genius.com/Eminem-beautiful-lyrics
narco song
History
This genre of music is the evolution of traditional corrido ballads of the Mexican-US border region, which stemmed from the 16th-century Spanish genre of romance. Among the earliest exponents of narcocorrido music were Los Alegres de Teran, who recorded many. In the 1980s, Rosalino "Chalino" Sánchez contributed to narcocorridos. Known throughout Mexico as "El Pelavacas" (Cow Skin Peeler), El Indio (The Indian, from his corrido "El Indio Sánchez"), and "Mi Compa" (My Friend), Chalino was a Mexican immigrant living in Los Angeles. He then began distributing his music for a sale price. His lyrics dealt with heartbreak, revolution, and socioeconomic issues. Soon he was selling mass copies. Chalino Sánchez was murdered in 1992 after a concert in Culiacán. In death, he became a legend and one of the most influential Mexican musicians to emerge from California, he was known throughout Mexico and United States as El Rey del Corrido (The King of the Corrido).[4]
Various companies, governmental agencies, and individuals have sought to ban narcocorridos. These attempts include a voluntary radio station black-out in Baja California. Representative Casio Carlos Narváez explained that radio executives did not want to make "people who break the laws of our country into heroes and examples". Former President of Mexico Vicente Fox also proposed banning narcocorridos.[5] On the other hand, former Mexican foreign secretary Jorge Castaneda has argued that "corridos are attempts by Mexican society to come to terms with the world around them...You cannot blame narcocorridos for drug violence. Drug violence is to blame for narcocorridos".[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcocorrido
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrido
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narcoculture_in_Mexico
p diddy money laundering
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2149667/Police-accuse-Wyclef-Jean-Al-Sharpton-laundering-money-drug-kingpin-linked-P-Diddy.html
https://www.theblaze.com/tag/is-al-sharpton-involved-in-a-money-laundering-ring-with-p-diddy-and-wyclef-jean
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=sean+combs
Sean 'Diddy' Combs opens up about losing friend Notorious B.I.G.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZrwskUaDrNo
Puff Daddy ft Mase - Can't Nobody Hold Me Down (Explicit)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qMh_VsTuXtE
bad boy records money laundering
It is absolutely ridiculous for anyone to blame me for anyone else's actions.
—From a statement by Sean "Puffy" Combs
Both admirers and opponents of Sean "Puffy" Combs have pointed out that people around him wind up dead, seriously injured, in jail, or bail out of Bad Boy Entertainment, the hip hop strongman's music citadel. Guns. Shoot-em-ups. Thuggery. Bribery. Shady business dealings. All, real or imagined, seem to be hallmarks of Combs's troubled history. Some are calling a recent spate of incidents—including the Club New York shooting—the "Bad Boy Curse," speculating that the "roots" of this tree of tragedy, from which Combs's estimated $400 million entertainment, clothing, and restaurant empire springs, run deep.
https://www.villagevoice.com/2001/03/27/the-bad-boy-curse/
https://www.villagevoice.com/2013/04/25/where-have-all-of-diddys-bad-boys-gone-to-prison-mostly/
Most businessmen will tell you that behind every success is a slew of failures. Sean Combs is no different.
The 47-year-old New Yorker (a k a Puff Daddy, a k a Puffy, P. Diddy, Diddy) is worth around $820 million thanks to his successes in fashion, movies, TV, liquor branding and, of course, music.
But as covered in the new documentary "Can't Stop, Won't Stop: A Bad Boy Story," his first get-rich-quick scheme was selling drugs while a student at Washington, DC's Howard University.
"Back in the early '90s, I saw a lot of my friends coming 'round with big wads of cash, so I decided to try it out," Combs told The Post. In a sense, it was in his genes. His father, Melvin, did the same hustle and was killed in a drug deal gone wrong when Combs was a toddler. But it didn't take long for Puffy to realize street life was not for him.
"I went out on the strip in Maryland, but when I got there, within about five minutes, somebody yelled 'Jump out!' [a warning of undercover police] so I started to run," he recalled. "There were helicopters; they were trying to break down doors. After that, I told God he didn't have to worry about me going down that road."
Instead, Combs committed to a career in music. Not only did he re-establish the East Coast as the center of hip-hop, Combs took the music and the lifestyle into mainstream culture. He reveled in a glitzy, showy, almost Trumplike image — gilded cars and Champagne bottle service — that made him the unofficial King of New York in the 1990s and early 2000s. "When you rolled with Puff, it was like you had the key to the city," says Quinnes "Q" Parker from the R&B group 112.
...
Parker of 112 admitted that going out west as a Bad Boy artist was terrifying. "We were at a mall promoting a show, and it started to get unruly. There were guys holding up 'westside' hand signs and saying they were 'Bad Boy killers,' " he said. "It was crazy because we weren't in a beef — we were trying to sing love songs!"
...
For Parker, Combs' legacy goes way beyond music. "He absolutely empowered and encouraged everyone," he said. "For black Americans, he is on a level with Oprah Winfrey or Barack Obama."
https://nypost.com/2017/06/24/how-diddy-went-from-drug-dealer-to-raps-gatsby/
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/05/lisa-montgomery-death-row-execution-history
life of torture
The perpetrator of torture
Research during the past 60 years, starting with the Milgram experiment, suggests that under the right circumstances, and with the appropriate encouragement and setting, most people can be encouraged to actively torture others.[1]
John Conroy:
"When torture takes place, people believe they are on the high moral ground, that the nation is under threat and they are the front line protecting the nation, and people will be grateful for what they are doing."[2]
Stages of the perpetrator's torture mentality include:
(Please note that not all perpetrators go through all of the stages listed)
Reluctance: The perpetrator is reluctant to participate or observe the administration of torture.
Official encouragement: As the Stanford prison experiment and Milgram experiment show, in an official setting, many people will follow the direction of an authority figure (such as a superior officer) particularly if it is presented as mandatory, even if they have personal uncertainty. The main motivations for this appear to be a fear of loss of status or respect, and the desire to be seen as a "good citizen" or "good subordinate".
Peer encouragement: The perpetrator begins to accept torture as necessary, acceptable or deserved, or to comply due to the need to conform to peer group beliefs.
Dehumanization: The perpetrator sees victims as objects of curiosity and experimentation rather than as human beings. The physical and psychological manipulations become just another opportunity to test the victim's response.
Disinhibition: Sociocultural and situational pressures may cause perpetrators to undergo a lessening of moral inhibitions and as a result act in ways not normally accepted by law, custom and conscience.
Self-perpetuating: Within the organization, once torture becomes established as part of internally acceptable norms under certain circumstances, its use often becomes institutionalized and self-perpetuating over time. What was once rarely used during extreme circumstances begins to be used more regularly with more reasons claimed to justify wider use.
...
Victims
Torture has profound and long-lasting physical and psychological effects. Torture is a form of collective suffering that is not limited to the victim. The victims' family members and friends are often also affected due to adjustment problems such as outbreaks of anger and violence directed towards family members. According to research, psychological and physical torture have similar mental effects. Often torture victims suffer from elevated rates of the following:

anxiety
depression
adjustment disorder
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
disorders of extreme stress not otherwise specified (DESNOS)
somatoform disorders
nightmares
intrusion
insomnia
decreased libido
memory lapses
reduced capacity to learn
sexual dysfunction
social withdrawal
emotional flatness
headaches
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology_of_torture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torture
- dodgy laws really common (at local, state, and international levels)? No matter what industry we're dealing with the primary issue seems to be balancing the needs of those throughout society. An ugly game at times? People don't understand why dodgy the justice system unless you have to deal with it more regularly?
I'm on setanta (EP38) Jose interviews fat Rafa Benitez (jes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hZG3arPGw8
In 2011, US President Barack Obama signed the America Invents Act (AIA) into law. A key change resulting from this law was that the US patent system shifted from a ‘first-to-invent’ to a ‘first-inventor-to-file’ system. The change is explained in four short videos produced by the US Patent and Trademark Office. Watch the videos, then briefly explain what ‘first inventor to file’ means.
6.4 Product liability and negligence
When the use of a piece of physical machinery results in harm of some kind, most people would consider it reasonable that anyone suffering that harm should be able to seek redress from the manufacturers and suppliers of that machinery. In particular, in cases where machinery is faulty due to negligence on the part of manufacturers or suppliers, the case would seem clear. However, losses resulting from ‘faulty’ goods may not necessarily result directly from failure of the machinery.
It could be argued that published material – involving no physical machinery – could also lead to damages, with consequences for which the author and publisher of the material could be held responsible. For example, an academic paper about software viruses might include sufficient information about the construction of viruses to enable someone to construct one for themselves. If someone did construct a virus using the information in the academic paper, and damaged someone else’s software as a result, it could be claimed that the author and publisher were liable.
In 1985 the European Community passed a directive (EC, 1985) on the strict liability for defective products regardless of whether or not this arose from negligence – so that anyone in the supply chain could be sued. When this directive was first promulgated the UK software industry protested and petitioned the UK government to make software exempt. When the UK law to embody this directive was enacted, software was not made explicitly exempt, but ‘product’ was defined in such a way that it is not clear whether or not software was included. The difficulty with software is its ‘floodgate risk’: if faulty, it can lead to unlimited liability through its widespread use.
On consumer law
Thinking is skilled work. It is not true that we are naturally endowed with the ability to think clearly and logically … People with untrained minds should no more expect to think clearly and logically than people who have never learned and never practiced can expect to find themselves good carpenters, golfers, bridge-players, or pianists.
(Mander, 1947, p. 6)
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/critical-criminology-and-the-social-sciences/content-section-2.1
However, there are also strong arguments against the protection of intellectual property in specific situations. These are based on ideas of common good which should not be withheld – for example, if an invention protected by IPR could save a life, should it be withheld? To some, the protection of IPR, particularly for technology and science, by more developed societies mitigates too strongly against less developed societies. Software products may be covered by copyright and patents in some countries. However, Richard Stallman and others (see Stallman, 2002) have argued against software idea patents – now a reality in the US – and this is currently an issue of much debate.
If a software enterprise is seeking to operate internationally it is important that intellectual property issues and the different views about intellectual property in different countries be taken into account. We start by looking at international bodies and agreements, to establish concepts and set a context within which copyright, patents, and other aspects of IPR can be described and discussed.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/science-maths-technology/software-and-the-law/content-section-2.1
wrongful imprisonment statistics
There is some evidence that wrongful convictions may be less rare than they are commonly thought to be. It has been estimated that in the United States between 0.5 and five percent of all offenders in prison have been wrongfully convicted (Weathered 2007: 180 citing Huff, Rattner & Sagarin 1996: 53-67).
Compensation for wrongful conviction
https://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi/tandi356
More and more Americans are now representing themselves, with just one in four civil defendants represented by counsel, according to Bloomberg. This is down from nearly all defendants having lawyers in 1992, according to a 2015 study. The number of litigants without lawyers has risen in the four years since the study, as well.
An opportunity for justice is the "bedrock" of the American legal system, but pro se litigants up against attorneys are unlikely to win their cases or settle on beneficial terms.
Trish McAllister, head of the Texas Access to Justice Commission said: "It's really a crisis. People aren't able to get into the courts and they're not able to navigate them once they're there."
Money is the holdup in most cases: litigants simply can't afford counsel and most attorneys won't take cases where the payoffs are too small to justify the court appearance. Last year, the Trump administration effectively closed the Justice Department's Office for Access to Justice, which was set up to provide access to lawyers for all Americans.
https://www.zerohedge.com/personal-finance/americans-simply-cant-afford-lawyers-anymore
justice vs cost of lawyer
https://www.smh.com.au/opinion/defeated-by-high-legal-costs-the-terrible-injustice-most-of-us-could-face-20170829-gy68pr.html
https://www.liv.asn.au/Staying-Informed/LIJ/LIJ/September-2017/Charging-For-Access-To-Justice
That was in 1976. In recent decades, the scientific validity of forensic hypnosis has been called into question by experts who study how memory operates, especially in police interviews and courtrooms. It is one example of a growing number of forensic practices – including the analysis of blood spatter patterns and the study of what distinguishes arson from accidental fires – that prosecutors once relied on to secure convictions, but which are now considered to be unreliable. "The breadth of scientific error in forensic disciplines is breathtaking," Ben Wolff, an attorney for Flores, told me.
After reading about Flores's case, Gardner got in touch with a hypnosis expert named Dr Steven Lynn. As a young psychologist in the 1970s, Lynn was a "true believer" in the power of hypnosis to retrieve memories, he later testified in a hearing in Flores's case. But when Lynn began to test this assumption, he found that in study after study, hypnosis actually harmed subjects' recall. It led them to "recover" at least as many false memories as accurate ones, while increasing their confidence in the memories' accuracy. "Maybe they're having a very vivid experience during hypnosis, but that experience is not necessarily a truthful experience," Lynn told the court.
https://www.theguardian.com/science/2019/oct/04/false-witness-us-using-hypnosis-convict-criminals
overturned appeals legal system
According to the last examination done by the Bureau of Justice Statistics, about 15 percent of civil trial decisions were appealed, about half by plaintiffs and half by defendants. Of these appeals, about 43 percent were dismissed or withdrawn, often due to the parties' ­settling. In the ­remaining 57 percent, about a third were modified or reversed, either by an intermediate court or a court of last resort. Interestingly, verdicts in favor of plaintiffs were modified or reversed twice as often as judgments favoring defendants. So roughly one in five appealed decisions are invalidated, but most of those cases are sent back for a new trial, some with instructions for modifying an award.
https://parade.com/37863/marilynvossavant/03-what-percentage-appealed-cases-overturned/
most rediculous laws
https://www.farandwide.com/s/weird-laws-world-4961c1ede8d749bf
https://www.businessinsider.com.au/weird-state-laws-across-america-2018-1?r=US&IR=T
https://travelaway.me/crazy-stupid-laws-europe/
https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/life/news/g4039/crazy-state-laws/
https://www.theguardian.com/law/2020/oct/29/legal-aid-services-brink-collapse-lawyers-tell-mps-justice
https://www.theguardian.com/law/shortcuts/2015/dec/16/eating-people-is-wrong-but-is-it-against-the-law
https://www.youtube.com/c/TheDUIGuy/videos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens_rea
- conviction rates vary drastically based on jurisdiction and legal system. It can go anywhere from 30-40% all the way up to 99%
arrest vs conviction rate statistics
- equality before the law is obviously a myth? Very easy to see how people's problems compound when they're poor or don't understand how the system works? Obvious that a lot of organised crime groups have lawyers on retainer and/or even the equivalent of in house counsel?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bandidos_Motorcycle_Club
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hells_Angels
In a written judgment obtained by the ABC, IRB member Jodie Schmalzbauer found Mr Utah had "established with 'clear and convincing evidence' the state's inability to provide operational adequate protection from the threat against him".
Ms Schmalzbauer said the IRB had "no reason to discount" Mr Utah's account that the ACC had told him "he was done from the program … and no other measure to protect him was available".
She accepted that authorities were "either unwilling or unable to provide protection to him at that time" and had since indicated "he has no access to relocation or any other form of witness protection".
Mr Utah told the ABC last year that his betrayal by authorities was "not the cause of current serving members of policing agencies … nor did the sitting [Federal] Government do this to me, but the institutions they currently serve most certainly did".
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-05-04/australian-refugee-stevan-utah-bikies-asylum-canada/11077710
in house counsel
What does it mean to be in house counsel?
IN-HOUSE counsel are hired by a corporation's law department to handle a range of legal issues affecting the company, among them employment, policy, tax and regulatory matters. More prevalently, they play a managerial role, overseeing work that's been outsourced to attorneys at independent firms.
https://www.chambers-associate.com/where-to-start/alternative-careers/in-house-counsel
https://www.lawyersweekly.com.au/corporate-counsel/24768-what-does-a-typical-day-look-like-for-in-house-counsel
https://www.bplr.com.au/in-house-counsel-lawyers/
https://www.9now.com.au/for-life
beating parking tickets lawyer success rate
https://www.choice.com.au/transport/cars/fines/articles/contesting-parking-speeding
https://www.vox.com/2018/4/5/17119956/parking-ticket-property-tax-revenue
self representation vs lawyer court win statistics
Unrepresented
In some states, as many as 80 to 90 percent of litigants are unrepresented, even though their opponent has a lawyer. The number of these "pro se litigants" has risen substantially in the last decade, due in part to the economic downturn and the relationship between poor economic conditions and issues like housing and domestic relations.
The Legal Services Corporation, the single largest funder of civil legal aid for low-income Americans in the nation, reported in June that 86 percent of low-income Americans receive inadequate or no professional legal help for the civil legal problems they face. Here in Georgia, state courts heard more than 800,000 cases involving self-represented litigants in 2016 alone.
In some types of cases, not having counsel can make a dramatic difference. Take the example of low-income tenants facing eviction. Across the county, roughly 90 percent of landlords are represented by counsel, while 90 percent of tenants are not. Simply having a lawyer increases the odds of being able to stay in one's home. When tenants represent themselves in New York City, they are evicted in nearly 50 percent of cases. With a lawyer, they win 90 percent of the time.
Navigating the system
Why is having a lawyer so important? The reality is that even the most mundane legal matters can require dozens of steps and complex maneuvering.
In one study, researchers identified almost 200 discrete tasks that self-represented litigants must perform in civil cases – from finding the right court to interpreting the law, filing motions, compiling evidence and negotiating a settlement. Some of these tasks require specialized knowledge of the law and of the court system. Almost all require time away from work and caring for children. Many also require the ability to get to the courthouse, to read and to speak English or access a translator.
The Access to Justice Lab at Harvard Law School has also tracked how labyrinthine the justice system can be. Just starting a routine process – like establishing a legal guardian for a minor – can take many steps, and even these can vary in unexpected ways, given the natural variation among judges and the particulars of a specific case.
Regardless of the type of case, missing just one step could mean you have to start the process all over again or even cause the case to be dismissed, sometimes without the option to refile.
https://theconversation.com/every-year-millions-try-to-navigate-us-courts-without-a-lawyer-84159
https://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/senate/legal_and_constitutional_affairs/completed_inquiries/2002-04/legalaidjustice/report/ch10
justice system fair
https://www.csis.org/analysis/resolved-japans-justice-system-fair
Finally, in terms of the influence of money on the law:
• there is a lot of money involved in the political system (in the last political cycle, federal politicians raised more than $1 billion);
• money determines the outcomes of virtually every election (more than 90 percent of elections are won by the candidate who spent the most money);
• far less than 1 percent of Americans donate money to politicians or political parties; and
• most of the money involved in politics comes from wealthy individuals and Political Action Committees (PACs) (Center for Responsive Politics 2008; Center for Voting and Democracy 2008; Common Cause 2008; Congress Link 2008; National Institute on Money in State Politics 2008).
http://www.cjcj.org/uploads/cjcj/documents/the_myth.pdf
how many people believe laws are fair
All Australians have the right under the law to seek justice. Yet this right means little when you cannot exercise it because you can't get the help you need.
That's the problem now facing countless Australians, and it's getting worse.
Tens of thousands of those who need help most are slipping through the cracks of our justice system every year.
Australians facing complex social and economic challenges encounter more serious legal issues, typically including dealings with government agencies, the health system, consumer issues and spiralling debt.
Yet without the means to afford legal advice most of these issues are left to slide.
Twenty years of steady cuts to the legal-assistance sector mean that free advice is harder and harder to access. Community legal centres are turning away 160,000 people a year due to lack of capacity, while an additional 10,000 people a year are facing the courts alone due to cutbacks.
More than 13 per cent of the population live under the poverty line, yet legal aid is only available for 8 per cent of Australians.
Resources in the Family Court and Federal Circuit Court are so scarce that wait times for final hearings are pushing three years in some registries.
A case related to the permanent living arrangements of a child may take years to reach final resolution, compounding the pressure on families already under the strain of separation.
Minor matters grow to major headaches
Many of the legal issues encountered by people who experience significant disadvantage are tremendously important. They involve, for example, people's access to a secure income, to secure housing, to safety and protection, to the fair resolution of claims and to a fair trial when accused of a crime.
Over time, even minor unresolved complaints can mutate into more complex matters, clogging up the courts and creating enormous personal stress and serious social and economic consequences.
Accumulation of fines, for example, can reinforce poverty, increasing the risk of homelessness or contact with the criminal justice system.
Ms Dhu's grandmother Carol Roe and other supporters outside court.
A major driver of the catastrophic imprisonment rates of Indigenous Australians, particularly Aboriginal women, is unpaid fines.
Ms Dhu, an Aboriginal woman who died in custody in 2014, was arrested for owing $3,000.
Over recent decades, new policies, including those that aim to be "tough on crime", have driven up legal need and exacerbated access to justice problems for people who are already having difficulty negotiating a complex system.
"Tough on crime" policies and laws have typically been developed without consideration of the ripple-on effects.
This puts untold pressure on legal assistance services and the court system, and heaping pressure on health care, housing, and child protection services.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2017-08-03/how-the-justice-system-is-failling-vulnerable-australians/8770292
how many lawyers believe the law is fair statistics
Only a quarter of the population believe that the UK's legal system is "fair and transparent", according to a survey released by a leading law firm.
Two-thirds of those questioned feel that wealth is now a more important factor in gaining access to justice than it used to be, the opinion poll commissioned by the solicitors Hodge Jones & Allen found.
More than 2,000 people were interviewed by the research organisation Populus for the survey which recorded an overwhelming majority (79%) agreeing with the statement that "it is the responsibility of the government to ensure justice is provided for all".
Only 37% said they trusted the professionals working within the legal system, while 54% felt the justice system was inaccessible. Only 28% of the Afro-Caribbean community and 17% of the Sikh community said they trusted lawyers.
The statistics are included in Unjust Kingdom: UK Perceptions of the Legal and Justice System, a report released by the firm on Wednesday.
Patrick Allen, senior partner at Hodge Jones & Allen, said: "These statistics represent a damning indictment of the British justice system. If millions of people across the country are intimidated, alienated and confused by the prospect of seeking justice in 21st-century Britain then we should consider our legal system to have failed in its fundamental duty to provide justice for all.
https://www.theguardian.com/law/2015/dec/02/only-one-quarter-of-britons-believe-legal-system-is-fair-survey-shows
belief in islamic law statistics
https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/08/09/muslims-and-islam-key-findings-in-the-u-s-and-around-the-world/
In 17 of the 23 countries where the question was asked, at least half of Muslims say sharia is the revealed word of God. (For more information on sharia see text box.) In no country are Muslims significantly more likely to say sharia was developed by men than to say it is the revealed word of God.
Acceptance of sharia as the revealed word of God is high across South Asia and most of the Middle East and North Africa. For example, roughly eight-in-ten Muslims (81%) in Pakistan and Jordan say sharia is the revealed word of God, as do clear majorities in most other countries surveyed in these two regions. Only in Lebanon is opinion more closely divided: 49% of Muslims say sharia is the divine word of God, while 38% say men have developed sharia from God's word.
Muslims in Southeast Asia and Central Asia are somewhat less likely to say sharia comes directly from God. Only in Kyrgyzstan (69%) do more than two-thirds say Islamic law is the revealed word of God. Elsewhere in these regions, the percentage of Muslims who say it is the revealed word of God ranges from roughly four-in-ten in Malaysia (41%) to six-in-ten in Tajikistan.
Views about the origins of sharia are more mixed in Southern and Eastern Europe. At least half of Muslims describe sharia as the divine word of God in Russia (56%) and Bosnia-Herzegovina (52%). By contrast, three-in-ten or fewer hold this view in Kosovo (30%) and Albania (24%).
Overall, Muslims who pray several times a day are more likely to believe that sharia is the revealed word of God than are those who pray less frequently. This is the case in many countries where the question was asked, with especially large differences observed in Russia (+33 percentage points), Uzbekistan (+21), Kyrgyzstan (+20) and Egypt (+15). Views on the origins of sharia do not vary consistently with other measures, such as age or gender.
https://www.pewforum.org/2013/04/30/the-worlds-muslims-religion-politics-society-beliefs-about-sharia/
family law courts happiness statistics
Foreword from the Chief Executive Officer
I am very proud to present this report containing an analysis of results from our last court(s) user satisfaction survey.
This initiative is one element of our integrated commitment to the International Framework for Court Excellence. The Family Court of Australia and the Federal Circuit Court of Australia can reasonably claim to be international leaders in the implementation of this framework, having each undertaken extensive internal assessments on all aspects of court and judicial administration.
As well, the Courts have repeatedly sought the views of court users and been open to feedback, and at times criticism, with respect to services. This openness to the public and to those people who rely on our Courts, has made us innovative, responsive and willing to embrace change.
It is striking data that over 77% of people attending our courts report overall satisfaction with their experience. This is an impressive result when we deal in family conflict, bankruptcy, migration, human rights matters – all of which can be highly adversarial and are matters acutely relevant to a person's life and future.
It is notable that the majority of people surveyed reported that our staff are knowledgeable, respectful and helpful. It is also a signal of public confidence in our courts, that the majority of those surveyed report that they were treated fairly in Court and that everyone was treated the same.
I have asked our Registry Managers and our other senior executives to carefully digest the results and to look to any improvements which we can reasonably make in 2016 while also preserving our considerable strengths.
http://www.familycourt.gov.au/wps/wcm/connect/fcoaweb/reports-and-publications/reports/2015/
https://www.armstronglegal.com.au/family-law/child-custody/mother-vs-father-custody-statistics-in-australia/
https://aifs.gov.au/publications/children-and-young-people-separated-families-family-law-system-experiences
In October, Ken Glueck, executive vice-president of Oracle, outlined what he saw as Google's strategy to win in court: kicking the can down the road.
Google would "deny every claim, appeal any adverse decision, [and] run out the clock on every opponent – including government regulators", Glueck said in a blog post. "Even nominal 'losses' for Google are really wins: it can appeal fines and courtroom setbacks for years while its market power continues to grow and competitors disappear. And even if it has to pay something in the end, it will be a drop in Google’s very large bucket. It’s 'efficient infringement' at global scale."
Oracle has been in litigation with Google since 2010 over the use of Java code in the Android mobile operating system.
Glueck has observed Google's behaviour closely and it looks like he has it down pat. We will find out for sure in 2021.
- crackdowns on whistleblowers/activists and politicisation of such issues is much more common then I thought around the world?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/conspiracy-theories-understanding.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/understanding-propaganda-us-anti-war.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/shale-oil-some-us-intelligencedefense.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/11/china-background-economic-warfare-and.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/11/middle-easternafricanasian-background.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-occupy-movement-veterans-for-peace.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/us-drone-warfare-program-financial.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/01/does-military-industrial-complex-make.html
Austin Powers | Moley Moley Mole
Austin Powers THE MOLE
Austin Powers - Mole Scene
Mole Scenes - Austin Powers Goldember
https://www.crowdjustice.com/case/julianassange/
https://coconuts.co/bangkok/news/arrests-of-9-thai-activists-on-wanted-list-condemned/
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/498538-charles-negy-racism-professor/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexei_Navalny
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergei_Magnitsky
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitsky_Act
corporate whistleblowers
https://fortune.com/2019/09/27/what-is-a-whistleblower-famous-examples-business/
https://www.intheblack.com/articles/2018/07/01/should-whistleblower-be-compensated
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_whistleblowers
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistleblower
A federal court has ruled that the US intelligence's surveillance program exposed by whistleblower Edward Snowden was unlawful, and possibly unconstitutional.  
https://www.dw.com/en/nsa-snowden/a-54797779
The Trump administration has said it will freeze US assets belonging to the ICC chief prosecutor Fatou Bensouda and one of her aides. Washington is angry at the court's investigation of alleged war crimes by US troops.    
https://www.dw.com/en/us-sanctions-icc-chief-prosecutor-fatou-bensouda/a-54796337
https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/alexander-vindmans-brother-files-complaint-with-pentagon-inspector-general-claiming-retaliation
With one SAS soldier costing about $2 million in training and irreplaceable experience, the loss to Australia's defence capability is enormous.
There are 500 in the SAS regiment, but only 100 saw combat in Iraq. They left as soon as their job was finished and were replaced by 300 commandos.
Four SAS soldiers who fought in Iraq 12 months ago are back in the country working as private operators for AKE, a British-based international security group.
One veteran commanded a squad involved in heavy fighting in Iraq 12 months ago and was regarded as a huge loss to the regiment.
Paul Jordan, a former SAS trooper who runs AKE in Australia, said they took only SAS men as they were the best.
"We have 13 former Australian SAS guys in Iraq," he said. "We aren't poaching from the SAS. We only talk to troopers who have already put in their discharge papers."
But he conceded SAS soldiers knew they could walk into security jobs like AKE, where they could double or triple their income.
...
The Australian Defence Force won't say how many troopers have left the SAS since the Iraq engagement, but sources close to the elite special forces regiment say it is about 40.
Former West Australian deputy commissioner for veterans affairs Jim Dalton, who has taken up the cases of injured SAS soldiers fighting for more compensation, said many SAS were leaving because of what they saw as a lack of government concern for injured SAS soldiers and their families.
https://www.smh.com.au/national/army-exodus-sas-troops-quit-20040502-gdiuht.html
Commenting on the court's decision, Anas Mustapha, a spokesperson for CAGE, a UK-based independent organisation which works to empower communities affected by the so-called war on terror, said: "We welcome the blocking of the extradition of Julian Assange. However, once again the UK-US extradition treaty is exposed to be ripe for abuse as all journalistic and whistleblowing protections fell to pieces before it. Assange was spared only on account of his suicide risk.
"The ruling makes it clear, dissent and truth-telling is criminalised - the only dispensation is the risk of death."
https://itwire.com/strategy/uk-court-rejects-us-request-to-extradite-julian-assange.html
rape in mixed gender prisons statistics
Chronic Underreporting
None of the types of prison rape described [what he calls "confidence rape," "extortion rape," "strong arm rape," etc.] are rare. If anything they are rarely reported. To give you an idea of how frequent rape is in prison, if victims would report every time they were raped in prison I would say that in the prison that I am in (which is a medium minimum security prison) there would be a reported incident every day.
--Pennsylvania inmate.
Only a small minority of victims of rape or other sexual abuse in prison ever report it to the authorities. Indeed, many victims--cowed into silence by shame, embarrassment and fear--do not even tell their family or friends of the experience.
The terrible stigma attached to falling victim to rape in prison, discussed above, discourages the reporting of abuse. Deeply ashamed of themselves, many inmates are reluctant to admit what has happened to them, particularly in situations in which they did not put up obvious physical resistance. Rather than wanting others to know of their victimization, their first and perhaps strongest instinct is to hide it. "I was too embarrassed to tell the [corrections officers] what had happened," explained a Kansas inmate. "The government acts as if a 'man' is supposed to come right out and boldly say 'I've been raped.' You know that if it is degrading for a woman, how much more for a man."(357) Some prisoners informed Human Rights Watch that they have told no one else, not even their family, of the abuse. "[Y]ou are the first person I've told in all of these years," said one, describing a rape that took place in 1981.(358)
Prisoners' natural reticence regarding rape is strongly reinforced by their fear of facing retaliation if they "snitch." As is well known, there is a strongly-felt prohibition among inmates against reporting another inmate's wrongdoing to the authorities. "Snitches" or "rats"--those who inform on other inmates--are considered the lowest members of the inmate hierarchy. "These people become victims of [assault] because of their acts in telling on other people," one inmate emphasized to Human Rights Watch.(359) In the case of rape, the tacit rule against snitching is frequently bolstered by specific threats from the perpetrators, who swear to the victim that they will kill him if he informs on them.(360)
Prisoners who failed to report their victimization explained these considerations to Human Rights Watch. In a typical account, a Colorado prisoner said:
I never went to the authorities, as I was too fearful of the consequences from any other inmate. I already had enough problems, so didn't want to add to them by taking on the prison identity as a "rat" or "snitch." I already feared for my life. I didn't want to make it worse.(361)
https://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/prison/report7.html
- the breakdown of the prison population varies drasticalloy across the world? Most of the time property offences, drug offences, and violence come out at the top? Homocide is definitely obviously a problem but not as common as you think (if you watch mass media)?
san francisco 2002 to 2008 crime
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/cacrime.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/dccrime.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/nmcrimn.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/txcrime.htm
http://www.disastercenter.com/crime/uscrime.htm
imprisonment breakdown
https://www.doc.state.nc.us/dop/hours24.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punishment_in_Australia
After decades of stability from the 1920s to the early 1970s, the rate of imprisonment in the United States more than quadrupled during the last four decades. The U.S. penal population of 2.2 million adults is by far the largest in the world. Just under one-quarter of the world's prisoners are held in American prisons. The U.S. rate of incarceration, with nearly 1 out of every 100 adults in prison or jail, is 5 to 10 times higher than the rates in Western Europe and other democracies. The U.S. prison population is largely drawn from the most disadvantaged part of the nation's population: mostly men under age 40, disproportionately minority, and poorly educated. Prisoners often carry additional deficits of drug and alcohol addictions, mental and physical illnesses, and lack of work preparation or experience. The growth of incarceration in the United States during four decades has prompted numerous critiques and a growing body of scientific knowledge about what prompted the rise and what its consequences have been for the people imprisoned, their families and communities, and for U.S. society.
https://www.nap.edu/read/18613/chapter/8
At 30 June 2020, the most common offences/charges were:
Acts intended to cause injury (9,467 or 23%)
Illicit drug offences (6,124 or 15%)
Sexual assault and related offences (5,798 or 14%)
At 30 June 2020, for sentenced prisoners, the most common offences were:
Acts intended to cause injury made up 5,078 prisoners (18%).  Assault made up over 19 in 20 of these prisoners (4,829).
Sexual assault and related offences made up 4,420 prisoners (16%).  Sexual assault made up nearly nine in ten of these prisoners (3,967).
Illicit drug offences made up 4,008 prisoners (14%).  Dealing or trafficking in illicit drugs made up over two-thirds of these prisoners (2,791).
For unsentenced prisoners, the most common charges were:
Acts intended to cause injury made up 4,390 prisoners (34%).  Assault made up almost 19 in 20 of these prisoners (4,117).
Illicit drug offences made up 2,121 prisoners (16%).  Dealing or trafficking in illicit drugs made up nearly four-fifths of these prisoners (1,647).
Sexual assault and related offences made up 1,379 prisoners (11%).  Sexual assault made up nearly 17 in 20 of these prisoners (1,165).
https://www.abs.gov.au/statistics/people/crime-and-justice/prisoners-australia/latest-release
prisoners per capita
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_incarceration_rate
https://www.statista.com/statistics/262962/countries-with-the-most-prisoners-per-100-000-inhabitants/
https://www.nationmaster.com/country-info/stats/Crime/Prisoners/Per-capita
https://www.sentencingcouncil.vic.gov.au/statistics/sentencing-trends/international-imprisonment-rates
https://www.prisonstudies.org/highest-to-lowest/prison-population-total
criminal record life expectancy statistics
New research expands the notions of collateral consequences beyond post-release barriers and discrimination. Two studies show that incarceration shortens life expectancy, at both the national and individual levels.
Nationally, there are so many people living behind bars that the average life expectancy for the total U.S. population has taken a hit. In 2014, the life expectancy at birth in the U.S. was 78.8 years, while most comparable nations (Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Italy, Japan, France, Germany, Canada, Australia, Austria) had life expectancies above 81 years.
Each year in prison takes 2 years off an individual's life expectancy. With over 2.3 million people locked up, mass incarceration has shortened the overall U.S. life expectancy by 5 years.A 2016 study by Professor Christopher Wildeman offers us an explanation for the U.S. falling behind on measures of population health, like life expectancy: mass incarceration. In comparison to other developed democracies, Wildeman finds that from 1981 to 2007, the U.S. life expectancy would have increased by more than five years – from 74.1 to 79.4 years – if not for mass incarceration. Without so many people behind bars, he argues, the life expectancy at birth would have increased 51% more than it actually did from 1981 to 2007. The sheer magnitude of how many people are locked up shortens our entire nation's life expectancy.
This isn't just problematic from a population health standpoint; the reduced life expectancy resulting from incarceration impacts individuals, families, and communities on a personal level. In her 2013 analysis of New York state parole data, Professor Evelyn Patterson identified a linear relationship between incarceration and life expectancy: for each year lived behind bars, a person can expect to lose two years off their life expectancy. In the parole cohort she studied, five years in prison increased the odds of death by 78% and reduced the expected life span at age 30 by 10 years. Time served has a direct correlation to years of life lost.
Although both studies suggest that incarceration affects life expectancy, neither study identifies the pathways by which this happens. Incarceration itself may be harmful enough to explain these effects, or it may be one of many adverse experiences putting vulnerable populations at risk. Either way, it's important to address the appalling conditions of incarceration and the lack of opportunities and services for at-risk communities. Most importantly, we need to put less people behind bars. As Professor Patterson points out, unlike many collateral consequences of incarceration, "death cannot be reversed".
https://www.prisonpolicy.org/blog/2017/06/26/life_expectancy/
- strong indications of people and organisations trying to save money everywhere. Courts going online, upgrades behind schedule, militarisation of law enforcement, use of military for law enforcement, etc?
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Police_(Mexico)#Equipment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Police_of_Colombia#Equipment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_the_United_States#Police_equipment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarization_of_police
victoria police software suite
https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/victoria-police-defends-security-of-outdated-software-20140618-zsdez.html
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/19/victoria-police-distances-itself-from-controversial-facial-recognition-firm-clearview-ai

Random Stuff:
- as usual thanks to all of the individuals and groups who purchase and use my goods and services
http://sites.google.com/site/dtbnguyen/
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com.au/
- latest in science and technology
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20210106-how-the-soviet-unions-end-sparked-a-grand-rewilding
https://blog.centos.org/2020/12/balancing-the-needs-around-the-centos-platform/
https://itwire.com/open-sauce/bid-to-explain-red-hat-s-killing-of-centos-makes-users-angrier.html
https://itwire.com/business-it-news/data-centres/darwin-to-get-indigenous-data-centre.html
https://itwire.com/security/first-us-ciso-puzzled-why-spooks-did-not-detect-solarwinds-attack.html
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-28/myeloma-blood-cancer-drug-darzalex-gets-federal-government-funds/13017254
https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/04/opinion/sunday/pornhub-rape-trafficking.html
https://betanews.com/2020/12/30/microsoft-releases-powertoys-v0-29/
https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2020/dec/28/gender-conversion-therapy-made-me-suicidal-i-fear-for-other-young-nigerians
https://www.tweaktown.com/news/77034/amd-patent-teases-gpu-chiplet-tech-the-great-big-leap-over-nvidia/index.html
https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2020/dec/28/nuclear-fusion-power-climate-crisis
- latest in finance and politics
https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/cbd-oil-available-from-pharmacies/12997370
https://www.timesofisrael.com/for-jews-from-former-ussr-new-years-eve-always-involves-a-christmas-style-tree/
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-01/new-years-resolution-goals-should-be-open-not-specific/13017290
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-12-31/aboriginal-community-moves-art-to-clothing/13004170
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-04-28/joseph-banks-traveller-botanist-agent-of-the-british-empire/12188954
https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/julian-assange-denied-bail-despite-earlier-extradition-win-20210106-p56s81.html
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-08-04/frank-rusconi-and-dog-on-the-tuckerbox-history/11373964
https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/vce-2020-students-who-scored-perfect-atar-reveal-where-it-took-them-20201226-p56q7x.html
https://www.afr.com/companies/financial-services/hunt-for-yield-leaves-investors-baying-for-blood-20201215-p56noj
https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/real-life/news-life/dumped-rubbish-at-vinnies-leaves-charity-store-an-eyesore/news-story/4a5b50aa50bd66ce74fcef08e89c2401
https://www.news.com.au/travel/travel-updates/incidents/australian-federal-police-flight-attendant-allegedly-exposed-himself-midair-to-colleague/news-story/7cc67318b65da830ff34364e4d71a80b
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-08-01/indigenous-photographer-preserves-first-nations-clans-culture/12499970
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2019-09-29/tasmanian-convict-tourism-sites-you-havent-visited/11554598
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-05-01/the-story-of-aboriginal-resistance-warrior-pemulwuy/12202782
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-10-29/grand-tour-italy-history-of-travel-tourism/12801176
https://www.rt.com/usa/511377-kamala-harris-porn-cherie-deville/
https://www.rt.com/news/510860-great-reset-future-society-predictions/
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/507108-great-reset-wef-globalist/
- latest in defense and intelligence
https://jalopnik.com/heres-why-cylindrical-wing-fighter-jet-designs-never-qu-1845940553
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/jan/06/north-korea-congress-kim-jong-un-economic-plan-failure-mistake-biden
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2021/jan/06/australia-to-toughen-export-controls-over-fears-technology-could-fall-into-hands-of-foreign-armies
https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/tear-the-sky-to-shreds-russia-s-space-program-director-releases-album-20201229-p56qpq.html
https://www.aspistrategist.org.au/japan-going-ahead-with-godzilla-fighter-jet/
https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/how-russia%E2%80%99s-most-deadly-submarine-committed-suicide-175706
https://www.reuters.com/article/us-merkel-putin-insight-idUSBREA260E120140307
http://navyrecognition.com/index.php/focus-analysis/naval-technology/9487-russian-navy-successfully-completes-trials-of-anti-submarine-otvet-missile-system.html
https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2021/01/01/642033/Iran-Washington-Times-fake-news
https://www.weeklyblitz.net/counterterrorism/irans-worldwide-assassinations-and-terror-attacks/
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/510942-galloway-george-blake-fascism/
https://www.cp24.com/world/lawyer-soldier-charged-in-rockford-shooting-may-have-ptsd-1.5246620
https://www.weeklyblitz.net/world/us-intelligence-traces-too-many-unidentified-aerial-phenomena/
https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/iran-begins-human-trial-locally-made-virus-vaccine-74945258
- latest in animal news
https://www.msn.com/en-au/lifestyle/smart-living/cat-with-facial-condition-becomes-social-media-star/ar-BB1cpI98
https://www.msn.com/en-au/lifestyle/smart-living/why-do-dogs-like-belly-rubs/ss-BB1cxO2F
- latest in music and entertainment
https://www.broadsheet.com.au/national/food-and-drink/article/recipe-super-easy-three-ingredient-teriyaki-sauce-goes-well-almost-everything
https://edition.cnn.com/2021/01/07/europe/denmark-john-dillermand-controversy-scli-intl/index.html
http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20210105-the-gooey-biscake-eaten-by-millions?referer=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2F
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-01-06/man-trapped-in-hotel-roof-on-sunshine-coast-charged-break-enter/13036302
https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/fashion/celebrity/israeli-teen-tops-prestigious-100-most-beautiful-faces-of-the-year-list/news-story/fd959a6427ac9ccfe7a1f450b05c651f
https://www.drive.com.au/news/ford-s-virtual-race-car-gets-real-124861.html?trackLink=SMH2
https://www.news.com.au/lifestyle/food/woman-shares-hilarious-woolworths-lasagne-mishap-after-meal-goes-horribly-wrong/news-story/d58e7e68a609dd3babd376c4c1a46500
https://www.news.com.au/sport/motorsport/formula-one/red-bull-boss-reveals-ruthless-reality-about-ricciardo-vs-verstappen-battle/news-story/6aea5e5c85ab7aab5f10e5df7670ba56
https://www.news.com.au/national/crime/intruder-found-eating-roast-lamb-after-breaking-into-alice-springs-home/news-story/5f34efafedaaea456b6e16277ca37182
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/australia/pakistani-tribal-people-rate-some-of-australias-most-iconic-snacks/ar-BB1chbiT

Random Quotes:
- "Literally, I have never heard one person say a bad thing about him and I have never seen him be mean," David Geffen marveled. "To be honorable, decent, smart, successful and a terrific guy is unusual anywhere. But it is most unusual in the entertainment business. He's in a category of one."
Barry Diller agrees: "Of all the characters here, he's the one with the most courage and the most certainty. He has put as many cards in his hand as he could gather and he's absolutely determined not to turn the world over to Netflix and Amazon. He is in every sense the real deal. And he's grown into it, which is even more impressive."
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/22/style/disney-bob-iger-book.html?action=click&module=Editors%20Picks&pgtype=Homepage
- Russia's strive for independence, both politically and economically, seems to have pushed the country to the new level. In response to Western sanctions and the fall of oil prices, authorities set on a course to accumulate reserves to ensure financial stability. As a result of the strict debt discipline, the country's net public debt has now fallen below zero, reports  RBC Daily (link in Russian).
Official statistics show that the Kremlin can now easily pay off all its debts - if it suddenly needed to. As of August 1, the country's total debt (the state's external and domestic debts) was 16.2 trillion rubles ($248 billion) or 15 percent of GDP, which is a little less than the amount of cash in Russia's deposits with the Central Bank and commercial banks - 17.6 trillion ($269 billion) or 16.2 percent of the GDP.
https://www.rbth.com/business/330970-state-debt
- McDonald's
American fast-food company McDonald's was founded in 1940. The company serves more customers each day than the entire population of Great Britain, but has a long history of terrible labor practices. It has been constantly under fire for serving unhealthy junk food, which contributes health problems. Researchers have found that McDonald's burgers cannot decompose on their own.
https://www.rt.com/business/420349-five-most-evil-companies/
- If someone's listening, maybe they want to build their business or they're starting something and they don't even have what you and Peterson were starting with, which is you're well known, well connected, had financial stability personally. If they're in that situation, what would you recommend to them as kind of like a lifeline to them?
Schwarzman: What I'd say is, you first of all have to have enormous emotional stability because you're going to have a lot of setbacks. Secondly, you have to accept the fact that you're going to be in psychological pain in a way you haven't before. And it can extend for some time. Third, you should only do it if you've thought of something that is really extraordinary. Replicating what somebody else does because you can "do it better" is a tough way to be successful, particularly if there's more than just one other organization doing it.
https://www.businessinsider.com/blackstone-ceo-stephen-schwarzman-gives-best-entrepreneur-advice/?r=AU&IR=T
- In addition to the widening trade deficit, another driver of the trade war has been China's history of intellectual property misappropriation. While the United States alleges illicit activities including theft by Chinese agents, e.g., by breaking into U.S. corporate offices, and bribing U.S. corporate employees, to obtain high-value trade secrets, the allegations of misappropriation extend to subtler activities. Foreign companies doing business in China have complained of China's use of administrative measures, such as foreign ownership restrictions, licensing requirements, and product approvals, as mechanisms used to coerce foreign companies to transfer technology and IP to Chinese companies. Although foreign ownership requirements have been relaxed in some sectors, in others foreign businesses are still required to form joint ventures with Chinese firms in order to do business in China. These joint ventures often require some level of technology transfer, after which the Chinese partner has sometimes used the transferred technology to thereafter compete with the foreign company.
https://www.law.com/newyorklawjournal/2019/09/24/reevaluating-corporate-ip-strategies-in-light-of-the-u-s-china-trade-war/
Almost all traders are aware of the widely publicized statistic that "95% of traders lose money." When you drill deeper, research implies that this number is likely higher. The profession chews up and spits out aspiring traders at an astounding rate.
...
So why are so many intelligent people drawn to a profession with incredibly high odds of failure?
6 striking stats showing traders have it rough
There are the obvious reasons — the appeal of working for yourself, sitting in your underwear on your couch all day making millions. There's the (false) promise of "easy money" and the draw of independent wealth.
The truth is, day trading is extremely difficult, emotionally taxing and far more likely to destroy your life than enrich it.
Let's start with a few key statistics, from online educational resource Tradeciety:
80% of all day traders quit within the first two years;
Among all day traders, nearly 40% day trade for only one month;
Within three years, only 13% continue to day trade. After five years, only 7% remain;
The average individual investor underperforms a market index by 1.5% per year;
Active traders underperform by 6.5% annually;
Traders with up to a 10 years negative track record continue to trade.
The last point suggests that day traders even continue to trade when they receive a negative signal regarding their ability.
Astounding. Almost everyone loses, they lose fast, they underperform simple, mindless investments, and they continue trading even after being proven unprofitable. Why?
The truth is, most would-be traders are woefully underprepared for the challenge ahead and learn many hard lessons with their real money. They underestimate the psychological challenges of trading and fail to eliminate emotion from their trades.
They fail to trade with a defined system. When they have a defined system, they often take trades outside of their own, established rules. These are all obvious reasons.
https://www.zerohedge.com/crypto/day-trading-bitcoin-why-95-traders-lose-money-and-fail
- Australians with depression and anxiety are visiting their GPs in droves - but more than 40 per cent of those given a mental health plan do not use it, new data reveals.
The Australian Institute of Health and Welfare report on Medicare services shows that while 2.1 million Australians got a mental health plan from their GP in 2017-18, only 1.2 million or 57 per cent actually went to a psychologist or counsellor.
https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/almost-a-million-australians-throw-out-their-mental-health-plan-each-year-20190926-p52v5f.html
at
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Saving Money (without Sacrificing), Random Stuff, and More

- use price matching when you can to get an extra discount. Note, a lot of companies advertise low prices just to get you through the door. ...