Regrowing Food (Fruit and Vegetables) From Scraps:
- I actually tried composting a while back but noticed something strange. Even if I just randomly threw vegetable scraps into the garden some vegetables would actually grow (such as potatoes, onions, carrots, etc...). I wanted to see what types of plants could be easily regrown. Apparently, many plants can be regrown easily and without requiring in depth knowledge. Of particular interest is growing fruit and vegetables. It doesn't seem that difficult
Tino Carnevale says autumn is a great time of the year to be collecting a wide range of seeds. These can be preserved and stored over winter ready for planting the following spring. To do this, choose the best possible plants at your disposal to collect from, and consider the adage ‘chose the first, last and best’.
‘Pete’s Pumpkin’ is a great example of saving seed. Peter Cundall saved seed of a pumpkin cross and gave it to Tino, and now he, and many others, have a delicious variety year after year. But remember that pumpkins cross readily with zucchinis and other relatives so grow them a little apart if you want to keep your seed pure.
Broad Beans can also be collected now. They have pods that dry out easily on the bush, turning brown. Simply pick the pods, remove the dry seeds and pop them into a jar to store.
Lettuce is also easy to collect seeds from. Pick the seed head and pop the whole lot into a brown paper bag so the seeds fall out into the bag.
‘Wet’ seeds such as tomatoes should be fermented for a few days in water. Then pop the pulp into a sieve and wash under a tap to remove the mush. Lay the seeds onto a paper towel and, once completely dry, save the seed sheets somewhere safe and they’ll be ready for next year.
Basil can also be picked and stored in a paper bag. Simply cut a dried flower head off the bush, break up the seeds from the stem and shake them over a sieve. The bulk of the unwanted vegetative matter will remain in the sieve and you can store the seeds back in a paper bag for next spring. Prepare chillies the same way, but remember to wear gloves or wash your hands well afterwards so you don’t burn yourself.
Then, all you need to do is label you seeds with their name and date and you’ll have a collection ready to use next season and share with friends.
Marie believes there are five main ways of growing food from scraps.
Basic rules:
Change water every day to avoid slime.
Keep plants in bright indirect light.
When moving plants outdoors, start in dappled light and gradually move to sunnier spot.
Keep soil moist not wet.
1. Growing from tops
How to do it: Cut off the tops and stick them in a saucer of water. Allow tops to dry off a bit first to avoid rot. When small side roots appear, plant it out. The new taproots it grows might not be perfectly shaped but they still taste good in soups and stock!
What you can grow: Carrot, turnips, beetroot, radish, swede, pineapple.
2. Growing from bottoms/bulbs
How to do it: The base must be intact. Chop it off and place in a bowl with enough water to keep the base wet.
Celery and bok choy reshoot within 1-2 days. Leave onions, leeks, and fennel until roots form, then plant out. Coriander is sensitive to rotting and dislikes being transplanted. Lemongrass needs a warm, sunny climate so is best grown indoors elsewhere.
What you can grow: Celery, onions, coriander, leeks, garlic, lemongrass, bok choy, fennel, other brassicas such as cabbage, kohlrabi; lettuce if roots intact.
3. Growing from seed
How to do it: Collect seed from ripe fruit and leave on kitchen paper to fully dry. Store in an airtight container until it's time to plant.
Avocado seeds will sprout if held with their bases in water, but you need at least two trees to get fruit and this won't happen for about seven years!
Except for some citrus, seed-grown fruit trees won't produce fruit that tastes like its parent.
What you can grow: Tomatoes, pumpkins, zucchini, peppers, avocado, melons, microgreens, oranges, grapefruit, some lemons, limes.
4. Growing from cuttings
How to do it: Snip the top 10cm from a fresh herb stem, cutting just below where the leaf joins the stem. Trim off the bottom leaves and put it in water. When roots appear you can plant it out.
What you can grow: Basil, lemon balm, mint, sage, thyme, rosemary, oregano, marjoram, lavender.
5. Growing from tubers/rhizomes
How to do it: Fresh ginger will start sprouting if planted with a light cover of potting mix; in warm places it grows all year round, but in cooler climates this is best done in spring, unless kept indoors.
Sweet potatoes will grow new roots and shoots when put in water, although it can take a few weeks. They makes an excellent indoor edible — the leaves can be stir fried — or you can cut off the new shoots, stick these in water until they grow roots, then plant them outdoors when it's warm to grow a new crop of sweet potatoes.
Warning: While you can grow potatoes from scraps, they are highly susceptible to diseases that can affect soil for years, so use seed potatoes, which are guaranteed to be disease free.
What you can grow: Sweet potato, ginger, turmeric, yams.
"Pineapples are unusual in that they'll produce fruit even if the flowers aren't pollinated. To propagate them, all you do is to remove the top and plant it!"
Jerry's 'Red Spanish' fruits aren't ready to harvest, so he got some ripe pineapples from a friend. Using a sharp knife to create clean wounds, he cuts off the spiky top - just as you would for eating.
He then dabs the cut base of the spike into some powdered sulphur to prevent rotting, then presses them into some potting mix in a seed tray.
He also removed a few of the lower leaves, allowing the cutting to sit firmly in the mix. Jerry recommends putting the trays somewhere sunny, avoiding watering for the first week.
After that, they can be watered twice a week for the next two months - by then they should have developed roots.
Plant them out and in 18 months, you've got pineapples!
"Economically, the pineapple is the most important bromeliad in the world," ends Jerry, "and nothing tastes as good as the fruit you grow yourself."
easy fruit tree from supermarket seed
easy self fertile fruit plants
Citrus, peach, nectarine and apricot trees are self-fertile, which means they fruit even if growing on their own.
- the different rates of growth seems to be a problem
growing orange tree from seed
To plant citrus trees inside from seeds, remove the seeds from the desired fruit. Soak the seeds overnight in water and plant them ½ inch deep in moist potting soil. Cover the pot with a plastic bag or wrap and let it sit in a warm and sunny spot for a few weeks until the seeds start to grow.
grow mango tree from seed
Propagation by seed is only recommended for poly-embryonic mango varieties such as Kensington Pride. To do so, carefully slit the husk of the mango, remove the seed and plant it in a large pot with seed starter mix with the seed slightly protruding from above the soil surface. It's important that it remains at a consistent temperature of at least 21 degrees. Sprouting will usually occur within three weeks.
Mango trees can also be propagated by grafting, in which part of the parent tree (scion) is joined with a rooted plant (rootstock).
Mango trees grow easily from seed. Get a fresh mango pit and slit the hard husk. Remove the seed inside and plant it in seed starter mix in a large pot. Situate the seed with ¼-inch (.6 cm.) protruding above the soil surface when growing mango trees. Keep the soil evenly moist and place the pot where temperatures remain at least 70 F. (21 C.). Sprouting may occur as early as eight to 14 days, but may take up to three weeks. Keep in mind that your new mango tree seedling will not produce fruit for at least six years.
Read more at Gardening Know How: Growing Mango Trees: Information On Planting And Caring For A Mango Tree
nom dok mai mango grow from seed
how to grow onion from supermarket
sesame seed tree
most robust plants
grow mango from seed
cross poppy plant with fruit
Do poppies cross pollinate?
Poppies are perfect flower angiosperms and are considered to be largely self-pollinating (Tetenyi 1977) but can also out-cross in the presence of insects (Bhandari 1990; Patra et al.
fastest growing fruit plants
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grow peach from seed
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How to grow garlic in water
growing carrot from top
germinate sesame seeds
germinate rockmelon
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germinate advocado
germinate nectarine seed
grapefruit germinate
germinate granny smith apple
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germinate cherry
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pomegranate germination
- you can also grow trees from branches as well
grow tree from branch
How to Start Roots on Branch Cuttings Some gardeners like to start rooting tree cuttings in water, while others prefer rooting them directly in sandy soil. In either case, you’ll do best to clip pieces of young branches, those under a year old, for growing trees. To start planting trees from twigs, use a sharp, clean pruner or knife to clip off sections of tree branch around 6 to 10 inches (15-25 cm.) long. Remove leaves and buds. Dip the cut end in hormone powder, available at garden stores. You can either place the base end of the cuttings in a container with several inches of water, or else sink them into a pot with potting soil. If you have decided to start rooting tree cuttings in water, add water to the container as it evaporates. If you are growing in soil, keep the soil moist. One way to keep the cuttings moist is to cover the container with a plastic bag. Cut a few slits in it first to let it breathe. Fasten the mouth of the bag around the container with a rubber band or string. Watch for roots to grow. Once you have succeeded at rooting tree cuttings in water or soil, you can transplant the young plant to a larger pot or even to a prepared bed. It’s critical to keep the soil moist during the first growing season so that the new tree can develop a strong root system. The best idea, when you are practicing tree branch growing, is to start many more cuttings than you think you will need. This makes it likely that you’ll get a few healthy new trees.
home made plant root hormone
You can use the following ingredients to make your own natural rooting hormone:
Cinnamon
Aloe vera
Honey
Willow water
Apple cider vinegar
Aspirin
Saliva
tree resin
Tree resin is the hydrocarbon secretion of many plants, generally of coniferous trees like cedars, Douglas-firs, cypresses, pines, hemlocks etc. tree resins from centuries are valued for their chemical worth, and also for valuable uses such as producing adhesives, varnishes, and even food glazing agents.
tree sap
Sap is a fluid transported in xylem cells or phloem sieve tube elements of a plant. These cells transport water and nutrients throughout the plant. Sap is distinct from latex, resin, or cell sap; it is a separate substance, separately produced, and with different components and functions.
What is the sap from a rubber tree called?
latex
Its most famous feature is the milky white sap, known as latex, which flows freely from the tree when a sliver of bark is removed. A rubber tree, also referred to as rubberwood, can be tapped for latex once it reaches approximately six years of age.
Is rubber still made from trees?
Although there are something like 200 plants in the world that produce latex, over 99 percent of the world's natural rubber is made from the latex that comes from a tree species called Hevea brasiliensis, widely known as the rubber tree.
Can you drink sap straight from the tree?
Drinking Sap: Fresh or Pasteurized
Some people enjoy drinking sap fresh from the tree, while others prefer to boil it for a brief period to kill any bacteria or yeast. Since it is certainly possible for harmful bacteria to be found in sap, the cautious solution is to pasteurize it before drinking.
- there are various techniques to increased seed germination rate. These include scarification, submerging in water, etc...
The reason that seeds take varying lengths of time to germinate is not because the inside of the seed takes more or less time to activate. It is simply because all seed shells are somewhat water-resistant. The germination time has to do with how long it takes water to penetrate and permeate the seed shell or coating and get to the inside part of the seed. Once the water reaches the inside of most seeds, they all activate and grow immediately at that point.
Yesterday when I found this method, I tried sanding one edge off each of ten pumpkin seeds. The previous two attempts at germinating these same commercial pumpkin seeds resulted in only one sprouted seed from the 20 that I attempted to germinate. But of the 10 pumpkin seeds from the same package that I sanded one edge off and started germinated yesterday, already today 6 of the seeds have sprouted with up to 1/2" long roots! That is less than 24 hours!
So although this is a very simple Instructable, I hope that it will help a lot of you that like to grow plants from seeds.
induce germination
What happens during germination
Now that we know what a seed needs, let's look at what actually happens during germination.
The seed takes up water, activating enzymes that begin the growth process.
The embryo swells and lengthens.
The embryo breaks through the seed’s covering layers.
The root meristem is activated and the embryonic root (radicle) pushes through.
Cotyledons (embryonic leaves) break out.
The shoot meristem is activated.
‘True’ leaves form—the plant is now able to get energy from the sun.
Dormancy: seeds that know when to grow
Nearly all seeds are in a sort of suspended animation, called dormancy, until conditions are just right for them to germinate. Dormancy means that, even when exposed to water, oxygen and the right temperature, a seed may delay germination until it gets certain other environmental and chemical cues. A seed may be dormant while still on the parent plant (this is known as primary dormancy), or it may become dormant after it has left the parent plant (secondary dormancy).
Dormancy is a way that plants improve the chances of their offspring’s survival and growth. It allows seeds to delay germination until, for example, temperatures are just right for the seedling to thrive. It also means that seeds can wait to become seedlings until they are at a distance from the parent plant (for example, by being eaten by animals and excreted elsewhere), which reduces competition with other seeds from the same parent. Finally, it allows the germination of seeds to be staggered—so, if bad weather comes along and destroys the first batch of seedlings, there will be some ‘back-up’ seeds.
Dormancy happens through a few different kinds of mechanisms, some of which happen outside the embryo (exogenous dormancy), others inside it (physiological dormancy). An example of an exogenous dormancy mechanism is a hard seed coat, which stops the seed absorbing water, and sometimes air. The hard seed coat may need to be broken by heat, freezing, or by passing through an animal’s acidic guts. Dormancy may also be triggered by factors inside the embryo, especially chemical changes, which need to occur in the seed before it will germinate. Some seeds, for example, need a period of light or dark to germinate. Spinifex hirsutus, which grows in the sand dunes of Western Australia, has a better chance of growing when its seeds are deep in the dunes where the sand is stable and there is more moisture and nutrients—so its seeds won’t germinate unless it’s dark. Another kind of physiological dormancy is where a seed won’t germinate until the embryo has grown to a certain size.
People working in the agricultural industry will often carry out processes that imitate these natural ones in order to break dormancy and get seeds to germinate—for instance, by chilling seeds to imitate cold weather or by applying abrasives to weaken the seed coat.
- note that a lot of supermarket fruit, vegetables, etc... have been treated to stop propagation and that many fruit and vegetables require specific techniques to get them to germinate
growing pear tree from seed
easy to grow from from seed
Expert Tip
Where possible, always favor fresh cuttings over seeds. When using cuttings, you will be able to cultivate an exact clone of the original plant. The genetic of seeds vary and so you may grow a plant slightly different than the plant you intended to cultivate.
Did you know?
You can use cinnamon as a rooting agent. Applying to the stem of your fresh cutting stimulates root growth in most plants, encouraging the stem to produce additional stems while protecting the cutting against fungus. Simply roll the end of the stem in cinnamon powder. This is a great tip for individuals who would prefer to avoid chemical or other unnatural agents.
Furthermore, there are many other natural rooting agents easily available and which also work well on your plants. Three teaspoons of apple cider vinegar mixed with one gallon of water work great, as does honey which provides natural anti-bacterial properties. Simply add one tablespoon of honey to two cups of boiling water then leave to cool. Additionally, you can use crushed aspirin dissolved in water, or you could make willow tea from willow leaves. A controversial rooting agent which works great is saliva which acts as a natural root enhancer.
multi vitamin as fertiliser
Vitamin C allows plants to survive in drought situations and allows plants to survive UV radiation. In Japan, universities have discovered Vitamin C is essential for plant growth, according to Science Daily. This fact was discovered by genetically engineering plants that do not produce Vitamin C. These plants were not able to grow past the seedling stage. Vitamin C is likely essential because this vitamin protects against the harmful effects of light. Since light is essential for plant growth, a lack of Vitamin C can be destructive to these plants.
human poo fertisliser
what is in fertiliser
A fertilizer (American English) or fertiliser (British English; see spelling differences) is any material of natural or synthetic origin (other than liming materials) that is applied to soil or to plant tissues to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. Many sources of fertilizer exist, both natural and industrially produced.[1]
In the later half of the 20th century, increased use of nitrogen fertilizers (800% increase between 1961 and 2019) have been a crucial component of the increased productivity of conventional food systems (more than 30% per capita).[2] According to the IPCC Special Report on Climate Change and Land, these practices are key drivers of global warming.[2]
sprout mango seed in water
grow seeds in water
Bringing a Tree Down:
- use power tools such as a chainsaw, tractor, grinder, car with towbar and rope/hook and winch, etc...
- use manual tools such as a saw, axe, hammer and chisel, etc... Obviously, this is only realistic on smaller trees though
cut down tree without chainsaw
- poison it by drilling holes and packing these holes with substances which will stop growth. Not surpringly the same mechanisms which are used to kill weeds can be used to kill trees. This includes salt, glychophosphate based chemicals, solvents, etc...
dissolve wood hydrochloric acid
Will Drano dissolve wood
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drain_cleaner
- hire an arborist. Depending on who you're dealing with this may cost a lot though
cost arborist
As with everything an arborist does, tree pruning and tree surgery will depend on the size of the tree. For smaller trees, they may charge an hourly rate of $35, but you will also need to pay for travel and setup time. For larger trees, the cost can be much higher, with costs between $500 and $2000.
- use physical force. Some trees have poor root structure and just require enough force and leverage to bring them down. Only realistic on smaller trees, ones which have been poisoned, if you are strong, etc...
- set fire to it (unrecommended and unrealistic for most trees for various reasons such as local laws, controlling it, etc...)
- drown it (basically you try to destabilise the base enough to be able to push it over)
- dig it up (not viable on larger trees)
- blow it up using explosives (not possible or realistic in residential areas, local laws, knowledge and access to required materials, etc...)
- use your head when bringing down a tree. You don't need as much physical effort as you think. I've noticed you only need to cut part of the way (1/4 to 1/3 of the way) through before you can rely on the tree's own weight and a little push to get it to drop in a controlled fashion. Don't be afraid to use multiple techniques either
- note, that as indicated elsewhere much of the volume of a tree is just air. Once you fell a tree and it begins to die you'll realise that the branches and trunk don't really comprise that much volume because the leaves just drop off, dry out/shrivel, etc... Once the process of rotting sets in you can even just leave it remains and it will simply break down over time
getting rid of tree stump
deliberately rot a tree
dissolve tree
Thanks to modern developments in horticulture, ridding your yard of tree stumps is as simple as drilling holes and filling them with granules. Most stump-dissolving herbicides are composed of potassium nitrate, a slow-acting chemical that may take several weeks to dissolve stumps fully.
edible weeds
Random Stuff:
- as usual thanks to all of the individuals and groups who purchase and use my goods and services
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- latest in science and technology
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North Korea; University staff hit by Covid; protecting Aboriginal heritage; how hard is decarbonising the economy?; The Pick
https://www.abc.net.au/news/science/2019-09-08/dog-dementia-more-common-as-pets-live-longer/11481852
- latest in finance and politics
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https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/australias-best-bet-get-sixth-generation-fighter-jet-169104
- latest in animal news
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Random Quotes:
- PROVIDENCE, Rhode Island - The U.S. war against global terrorism has displaced as many as 59 million people since 2001, according to a new report released Tuesday by Brown University.
The study, published by the Rhode Island-based university's "Costs of War Project," says between 37 million and 59 million people in eight countries in Africa, Asia and the Middle East "fled their homes in the eight most violent wars the U.S. military has launched or participated in since 2001," when the al-Qaida terror group attacked the United States.
The figures in the report, titled "Creating Refugees: Displacement Caused by the United States Post-9/11 Wars," show that displacements have risen sharply from 21 million in 2019.
The majority of those displaced were from Iraq, with at least 9.2 million. Syria saw the second-highest number of displacements, with at least 7.1 million, and Afghanistan was third with at least 5.3 million people displaced.
The study's authors say the estimate was derived by counting refugees, asylum seekers pursuing protection as refugees, and internally displaced people or persons (IDPs) in the eight countries that the United States has most targeted in the post-9/11 wars: Afghanistan, Iraq, Pakistan, Yemen, Somalia, the Philippines, Libya and Syria.
The report said 37 million displaced people is "almost as large as the population of Canada" and "more than those displaced by any other war or disaster since at least the start of the 20th century with the sole exception of World War II."
"We are not suggesting the U.S. government or the United States as a country is solely responsible for the displacement. Causation is never so simple. Causation always involves a multiplicity of combatants and other powerful actors, centuries of history, and large-scale political, economic, and social forces," the study's authors noted. "Even in the simplest of cases, conditions of pre-existing poverty, environmental change, prior wars, and other forms of violence shape who is displaced and who is not."
The study does not include "the millions more who have been displaced by other post-9/11 conflicts where U.S. forces have been involved in 'counterterror' activities in more limited yet significant ways, including in: Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mali, Niger, Saudi Arabia, and Tunisia."
- Rogers says Clover was one of the first companies to develop a protein-based vaccine based on the coronavirus Spike (S) protein that the virus needs to enter host cells.
Clover's Timer-Tag technology platform - which has been safely used in vaccine development for developing influenza, RSV and HIV vaccines - mimics the Spike protein with the aim of producing an immune response specific to the coronavirus
https://www.businessnewsaus.com.au/articles/4000-people-sign-up-for-wa-covid-19-vaccine-trial--doses-begin.html
Mr Pompeo said he wanted to remove "untrusted" applications from US mobile app stores.
"People's Republic of China apps threaten our privacy, proliferate viruses, and spread propaganda and disinformation," he said.
The first question that sprang to mind was: what are the Chinese apps that Mr Pompeo does trust? The assumption is very much that he's talking about ALL Chinese apps.
"It's shocking," says Alan Woodward, a security expert based at the University of Surrey. "This is the Balkanisation of the internet happening in front of our eyes.
"The US government has for a long time criticised other countries for controlling access to the internet… and now we see the Americans doing the same thing."
That might be a slight exaggeration. Mr Pompeo's reasons for "cleaning" the US network of Chinese companies is very different to authoritarian government's desire to control what is said online.
But it's true that if Mr Pompeo were to go down this road, it would be reversing decades of US cyber-policy.
If there is one country that has championed a free internet, based on the constitutional tenets of free speech, it is America.
President Donald Trump's administration has taken a different approach though, in part because of the legitimate security concerns that some Chinese companies operating in the US raise.
Is the US about to split the internet?
- According to a report by the prestigious Wood Mackenzie International Institute, published under the title "Global Discovery 2019 - Continuation of Profitability", the National Iranian Oil Company in 2019 in terms of total oil and gas exploration, discovered 4.973 billion barrels or equivalent extractable hydrocarbon reserves which put the company first among the world's major oil companies, including national and international oil companies.
This figure is equivalent to 31 percent of the total volume of hydrocarbons discovered in the world in 2019.
In this report, Eram field was discovered with a recoverable reserve of 2.7 billion barrels (equivalent to 20 percent of the total gas discovered in the world) and Namavaran field with a recoverable reserve of 2.3 billion barrels (equivalent to 10.5 percent of the total oil discovered in the world) took the first and third places of discoveries made in the world during 2019, respectively.
In another part of the report, it is stated that the amount of global discoveries in 2019 was equivalent to 21.2 billion barrels that could be produced, which is about twice as much as that in 2018 and the highest amount since 2015.
Also in 2019, around 600 exploration wells were drilled and completed worldwide, which resulted in the discovery of about 220 hydrocarbon fields.
During this period, two exploratory and appraisal wells were drilled and completed in Iran.
According to the report, many of the major explorations made in 2019 were gas, accounting for two-thirds of the hydrocarbon discovery in 2019, or 10.8 billion barrels, with 82 TCF of the explorations concerned natural gas.
Nine major discoveries took place in 2019 in Iran, Russia, Mauritania, Cyprus, Suriname, South Africa and Malaysia, and the first 20 major discoveries account for 75 percent of the volume of hydrocarbons discovered in the world.
13 of the 20 largest discoveries in the world in 2019 also have less than 500 million barrels of recoverable reserves.
Official: Iran Ranks 1st in Oil, Gas Discovery in World
- Freshwater turtles could be the solution to keeping the Murray-Darling clean and to helping eradicate carp from the river system, a study has found.
Western Sydney University research has revealed that turtle scavenging can remove fish carcasses from the water five times faster than natural decomposition.
It also has found that if turtles are reintroduced, they will dramatically improve the river's water quality by eating the fish carcasses before they begin to rot.
Western Sydney University ecologist Ricky Spencer said turtles played a particularly important role in cleaning up waterways after fish-kill events.
"They love to eat and are always asking for food like fish and meat so they are really important in terms of cleaning up rivers of any dead fish," Mr Spencer said.
