- I recently got a TPE SD2000i Inverter Petrol Power Generator for a cheap price ~$50 at a local market. Apparently, it was purchased and used once and hadn't been started in a few years. When they tried starting it again recently, it wasn't co-operative. Since the owner was moving interstate he decided to get rid of it. This is a blog post about how I repaired it
TPE SD2000i Inverter Power Generator Repair
Tpe 2kva Inverter Generator $199.60 (Save $399.40 - Clearance) @ Masters
https://www.ozbargain.com.au/node/251073
- once again, notice how similar the designs are between different brands? Technically, the one I got was from a lower tier brand but since it shared a common heritage with other similar looking ones I could use their manuals to learn about my particular model generator. The great tendency of companies to steal, copy, borrow, license, etc... designs means that parts are often interchangeable as well as knowledge regarding them
https://toolkitdepot.com.au/full-boar-2-200w-petrol-inverter-generator-sd2200i/
https://www.bunnings.com.au/full-boar-2200w-inverter-petrol-generator_p0082345
tpe sd2000i
Tpe sd2000i manual pdf
https://ratopowerproducts.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2KW-Inverter-Manual.pdf
https://www.dualpumps.co.uk/files/pdf/products/User%20Manuals/LONCIN/LON%20LC2000I%20USER%20MANUAL.pdf
toolpro 2200w generator manual
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-supercheap-shared-library/default/dw2aa8642a/productsheets/553024.pdf
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/p/toolpro-toolpro-inverter-generator-2200w/553027.html
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-supercheap-shared-library/default/dw2aa8642a/productsheets/553027-new.pdf
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/fixing-cheap-hurricane-gen850-and.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/repairing-troy-bilt-tb525ec-whipper.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/02/repairing-and-maintaining-victa-2.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/08/servicingfixing-my-briggs-and-stratton.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/10/vacuum-filter-troublesplanned.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/07/international-manufacturing-youtube.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/06/youtube-car-repair-channels-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/05/future-of-artificial.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2021/11/recyclingunlockinghacking-devices-for.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/things-spies-have-stolen-random-stuff.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/12/angels-and-demons-random-stuff-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/cybersecurity-attack-background.html
- if you have a choice, you're better off going with open frame/chassis type generator to make servicing easier. This particular generator I'm dealing with is easy to transport and nice to look at but due to it's packaging very difficult to work on since everything sits under a panel of some sort
https://www.productreview.com.au/listings/full-boar-fbt-3100
https://www.bunnings.com.au/ozito-2000w-petrol-inverter-generator_p0287148
Ozito 2000W Generator Review (my first review video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1r_YmTnnWs
https://www.youtube.com/@markrobinson2196/videos
- since everything is under panels this thing is that it's not easy to tear it down. The only real way I could test it was using multimeter and to stuff that I could often only partly access (there's a good access panel on the left hand side which allows you to access the carburetor, air filter; front access panael which allows you access to electronics/alternator; rear access panel which allows access to muffler; right access panel which allows access to spark plug and partial access to ignition coil/magneto, etc...)
how to test spark plug leads
https://www.championautoparts.com/Technical/Tech-Tips/Defective-Spark-Plug-Wires.html
how to test spark plug
https://west-equip.com/blog/post/how-to-test-your-spark-plugs
https://www.familyhandyman.com/project/how-to-test-a-spark-plug/
https://www.thedrive.com/maintenance-repair/39898/how-to-test-a-spark-plug
test magneto with multimeter
Set the multimeter to its Ohms setting and set it to the 40 k range (don't use the auto-ranging feature). Place one tip of the probe on the engine block and the other on the rubber casing's metal clip. Ideally, the readout should be between 3 k and 15 k.
https://schottcorp.com/is-it-faulty-how-to-test-a-magneto-coil-with-a-multimeter/
https://pilotinstitute.com/how-do-magnetos-work/
- thankfully, the spark plug was in good condition still
cr7hsa
https://www.repco.com.au/parts-service/ignition/spark-plugs/ngk-standard-spark-plug-cr7hsa/p/A8251258
https://autobarn.com.au/ab/Autobarn-Category/Shop-our-Full-Range-by-Brand-at-Autobarn/Ngk/NGK-Resistor-Standard-Spark-Plug---CR7HSA/p/SP63190
- starting it seemed a big struggle so I tore the thing down, removed all fuel, and noticed that the carburetor was in bad shape. Black gunk/deposits all over the jets so I soaked the carburetor in fuel injector fluid for 2 days straight (mechanical cleaning is faster but more likley to damage things. I used fuel injector fluid because carburetor dip fluid isn't readily available in my area and this is the next best thing. Heaps of people recommend Ultrasonic cleaners but they're often expensive and this fixing machines like this is more of a hobby then a profession for me). A lot of desposits dropped to the bottom of the container I had soaked it in. Then I used cotton q-tips to clean off the rest. Finally, I used carburetor cleaning fluid on the carburettor itself to flush out any remaining contaminants
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_swab
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/p/sca-sca-petrol-injector-cleaner-300ml/649248.html
https://www.repco.com.au/oils-fluids/additives/injector-cleaner/repco-petrol-injector-cleaner-300ml-rpic/p/A9399303?kwSearch=fix
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/spare-parts/fuel-system/carby-intake-cleaners
https://autobarn.com.au/ab/Autobarn-Category/Shop-our-Full-Range-by-Brand-at-Autobarn/Motortech/MT117-Carburettor-%26-Throttle-Body-Cleaner-400G-F505/p/DI00094
https://www.repco.com.au/oils-fluids/degreasers-cleaners/throttle-body-carby/repco-carby-cleaner-aerosol-400g-racarbclean/p/A9627133
- I put it back together and I tried to start it but it still seemed to be a bit of struggle. I tried cleaning up the spark plug (black deposits on it. It was a decent quality NGK spark plug which was a nice surprise) using some starting fluid and just pulling more quickly on the starter and it started finally (though it was very smokey for a while). It works thankfully and I have a generator that is a genuine backup for my needs now (when compared to the other generators that I looked at in my last post. This generator can genuinely run more then one device at a time unlike the other generators I was working with)
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/fixing-cheap-hurricane-gen850-and.html
https://www.nulon.com.au/products/aerosols/start-ya-bastard-instant-engine-starter
https://crcindustries.com.au/crc-aerostart-400g-5052/
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/p/sca-sca-engine-starting-fluid-300g/676265.html
TPE SD2000i Inverter Power Generator Repair
Tpe 2kva Inverter Generator $199.60 (Save $399.40 - Clearance) @ Masters
https://www.ozbargain.com.au/node/251073
- once again, notice how similar the designs are between different brands? Technically, the one I got was from a lower tier brand but since it shared a common heritage with other similar looking ones I could use their manuals to learn about my particular model generator. The great tendency of companies to steal, copy, borrow, license, etc... designs means that parts are often interchangeable as well as knowledge regarding them
https://toolkitdepot.com.au/full-boar-2-200w-petrol-inverter-generator-sd2200i/
https://www.bunnings.com.au/full-boar-2200w-inverter-petrol-generator_p0082345
tpe sd2000i
Tpe sd2000i manual pdf
https://ratopowerproducts.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2023/04/2KW-Inverter-Manual.pdf
https://www.dualpumps.co.uk/files/pdf/products/User%20Manuals/LONCIN/LON%20LC2000I%20USER%20MANUAL.pdf
toolpro 2200w generator manual
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-supercheap-shared-library/default/dw2aa8642a/productsheets/553024.pdf
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/p/toolpro-toolpro-inverter-generator-2200w/553027.html
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-supercheap-shared-library/default/dw2aa8642a/productsheets/553027-new.pdf
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/fixing-cheap-hurricane-gen850-and.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/repairing-troy-bilt-tb525ec-whipper.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/02/repairing-and-maintaining-victa-2.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/08/servicingfixing-my-briggs-and-stratton.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/10/vacuum-filter-troublesplanned.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/07/international-manufacturing-youtube.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/06/youtube-car-repair-channels-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/05/future-of-artificial.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2021/11/recyclingunlockinghacking-devices-for.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/things-spies-have-stolen-random-stuff.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/06/history-of-hate-and-supremacy-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/12/angels-and-demons-random-stuff-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/cybersecurity-attack-background.html
- if you have a choice, you're better off going with open frame/chassis type generator to make servicing easier. This particular generator I'm dealing with is easy to transport and nice to look at but due to it's packaging very difficult to work on since everything sits under a panel of some sort
https://www.productreview.com.au/listings/full-boar-fbt-3100
https://www.bunnings.com.au/ozito-2000w-petrol-inverter-generator_p0287148
Ozito 2000W Generator Review (my first review video)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g1r_YmTnnWs
https://www.youtube.com/@markrobinson2196/videos
- since everything is under panels this thing is that it's not easy to tear it down. The only real way I could test it was using multimeter and to stuff that I could often only partly access (there's a good access panel on the left hand side which allows you to access the carburetor, air filter; front access panael which allows you access to electronics/alternator; rear access panel which allows access to muffler; right access panel which allows access to spark plug and partial access to ignition coil/magneto, etc...)
how to test spark plug leads
https://www.championautoparts.com/Technical/Tech-Tips/Defective-Spark-Plug-Wires.html
how to test spark plug
https://west-equip.com/blog/post/how-to-test-your-spark-plugs
https://www.familyhandyman.com/project/how-to-test-a-spark-plug/
https://www.thedrive.com/maintenance-repair/39898/how-to-test-a-spark-plug
test magneto with multimeter
Set the multimeter to its Ohms setting and set it to the 40 k range (don't use the auto-ranging feature). Place one tip of the probe on the engine block and the other on the rubber casing's metal clip. Ideally, the readout should be between 3 k and 15 k.
https://schottcorp.com/is-it-faulty-how-to-test-a-magneto-coil-with-a-multimeter/
https://pilotinstitute.com/how-do-magnetos-work/
- thankfully, the spark plug was in good condition still
cr7hsa
https://www.repco.com.au/parts-service/ignition/spark-plugs/ngk-standard-spark-plug-cr7hsa/p/A8251258
https://autobarn.com.au/ab/Autobarn-Category/Shop-our-Full-Range-by-Brand-at-Autobarn/Ngk/NGK-Resistor-Standard-Spark-Plug---CR7HSA/p/SP63190
- starting it seemed a big struggle so I tore the thing down, removed all fuel, and noticed that the carburetor was in bad shape. Black gunk/deposits all over the jets so I soaked the carburetor in fuel injector fluid for 2 days straight (mechanical cleaning is faster but more likley to damage things. I used fuel injector fluid because carburetor dip fluid isn't readily available in my area and this is the next best thing. Heaps of people recommend Ultrasonic cleaners but they're often expensive and this fixing machines like this is more of a hobby then a profession for me). A lot of desposits dropped to the bottom of the container I had soaked it in. Then I used cotton q-tips to clean off the rest. Finally, I used carburetor cleaning fluid on the carburettor itself to flush out any remaining contaminants
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotton_swab
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/p/sca-sca-petrol-injector-cleaner-300ml/649248.html
https://www.repco.com.au/oils-fluids/additives/injector-cleaner/repco-petrol-injector-cleaner-300ml-rpic/p/A9399303?kwSearch=fix
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/spare-parts/fuel-system/carby-intake-cleaners
https://autobarn.com.au/ab/Autobarn-Category/Shop-our-Full-Range-by-Brand-at-Autobarn/Motortech/MT117-Carburettor-%26-Throttle-Body-Cleaner-400G-F505/p/DI00094
https://www.repco.com.au/oils-fluids/degreasers-cleaners/throttle-body-carby/repco-carby-cleaner-aerosol-400g-racarbclean/p/A9627133
- I put it back together and I tried to start it but it still seemed to be a bit of struggle. I tried cleaning up the spark plug (black deposits on it. It was a decent quality NGK spark plug which was a nice surprise) using some starting fluid and just pulling more quickly on the starter and it started finally (though it was very smokey for a while). It works thankfully and I have a generator that is a genuine backup for my needs now (when compared to the other generators that I looked at in my last post. This generator can genuinely run more then one device at a time unlike the other generators I was working with)
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/fixing-cheap-hurricane-gen850-and.html
https://www.nulon.com.au/products/aerosols/start-ya-bastard-instant-engine-starter
https://crcindustries.com.au/crc-aerostart-400g-5052/
https://www.supercheapauto.com.au/p/sca-sca-engine-starting-fluid-300g/676265.html
- it leaked fuel occasionally from a fuel overflow line. I figured out it was due to a sticking float in the carburetor. I decided to soak the carburetor in fuel injector fluid for another 2 days straight and tried to brush the float and needle that holds it in place to get rid of varnish that may cause it to stick. Now it no longer leaks
sd2000i fuel leak
Repair Gas Leak ~ Honda EU2000i Generator
Honda EU2000i Leaking Oil and Won't Run - Found in the Trash
honda 2200i generator leaking fuel carb
stuck float in carburetor
https://www.reddit.com/r/motorcycles/comments/sybk7l/why_is_this_happening_fuel_keeps_coming_out_if/
Float Stuck! How to Fix Your Carburetor Float if it is Stuck and Leaking Gas
How to Clean the Carburetor on a Honda EU2200i/EU2000i Generator
why is my carb float sticking
what breaks down varnish
How To Remove Severe Varnish From Gas Tank With Household Chemicals
- people say there is some money repairing old stuff but it's becoming harder. I've noticed that a small number of people/organisations have somehow hoovered up stock so that even if you have the skill to repair old equipment you don't have the ability to turn it into money since you can't get regular access to stock? Ironically, in nature there are mechanisms to stop species from hoovering up all opportunities but not in modern human civilisation? You can find some stuff at tip shops, recycling centres, op shops, pawn shops, hard rubbish, online markets, auctions, on the side of the road, garage sales, etc... but nowadays you often have to pay. The costs or purchasing broken stuff often exceeeds the costs of buying working but used or new as well, parts access and cost can be problematic, capital outlay can be high if you have access to loans or savings, you often have to put a lot of time into understanding how some technologies work which means you don't have time to just churn through fix and sell stuff, etc... so you have to do your research and understand the market in question...https://www.grays.com/
https://abbeysauctions.com.au/
https://www.lloydsauctions.com.au/locations/vic/melbourne/
https://www.slatteryauctions.com.au/
https://www.youtube.com/@jcondon1/videos
400,000 Honda Units RECALLED!! Let's Fix It
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nRKKVM3aP7s
https://www.youtube.com/@TarylFixesAll/videos
Is there any MONEY in Buying and Selling Used Small Machinery?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SII4hLQ3ip0
https://www.youtube.com/@MachineryNationVlogs
Rescuing 1960's Tractors for USE on a Friends Farm ~ Forgotten in a CROWD of OTHER old Tractors
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fn1XDxe88kU
https://www.youtube.com/@SalvageWorkshop
Rusty Soviet Water Pump Restoration
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HO7A_2si5Y0
https://www.youtube.com/@gear_show
Vintage tractor left to rot by a swamp for 20 years.. Will it start ??
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYpyvBR_ENo
74 year old vintage tractor left in a barn for 20 years... Will it start??
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Y_2lHu83Kmo
Vintage Bulldozer forgotten for a decade.. Will it start??
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9kU-a0PtOD8
Fixing a worn out tractor Gearbox and Lift Unit - Kubota B7100
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vkPJFrygTII
https://www.youtube.com/@MartyT
Restoration of Hammer Drill | HITACHI PR-38E
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xS-03efYjt8
https://www.youtube.com/@repairrestoration4232/videos
Is this the CHEAPEST 6X6 Army Truck in the WORLD?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w3tPh1bND50
https://www.youtube.com/@brucew6551/videos
Gas-Powered Antique Maytag Washing Machine [Restoration]
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UPZkmcai-M
https://www.youtube.com/@HandToolRescue/videos
6BT Powered Oshkosh Plow Truck, First Start in Over 10 Years!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cVFeKJoWEJk
https://www.youtube.com/@LowBuckGarage
Starting the Weirdest Steam Tractor Ever Invented
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iss5GHFSub0
https://www.youtube.com/@tekniqvid/videos
- if you were interested in this post you'll probably be interested in my other repair blog posts:
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/fixing-cheap-hurricane-gen850-and.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/03/repairing-troy-bilt-tb525ec-whipper.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2024/02/repairing-and-maintaining-victa-2.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/08/servicingfixing-my-briggs-and-stratton.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/10/vacuum-filter-troublesplanned.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/09/conversion-from-physical-to-virtual_10.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/07/international-manufacturing-youtube.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2023/06/youtube-car-repair-channels-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2021/11/recyclingunlockinghacking-devices-for.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/11/a-sea-of-fakery-random-stuff-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/04/hp-4520s-laptop-teardown-random-stuff.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2011/04/apple-ibook-g4-logicboard-fixes.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2010/10/asus-1005p-disassembly.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2010/07/replacing-lcd-on-toshiba-nb200.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2013/02/laptop-thermal-design-convergence-and.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2012/05/fujitsu-stylistic-st4120-recovery.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2011/10/nvidia-laptop-graphics-chip-repair.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2013/03/laptop-hacking-and-hardware-workarounds.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/08/apple-icloud-device-locking-and-general.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2013/03/repairing-laptop-power-bricks.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2011/08/unlocking-your-phonemodem.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/08/apple-icloud-device-locking-and-general.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/07/ableton-and-ableton-push-hacking.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2012/09/windows-and-android-arent-that_5901.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2012/08/funky-firmware.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2012/07/if-only-reading-were-easier.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2011/11/playing-with-android.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/06/repairing-musical-instrumentselectrical.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/06/custom-midi-hardware-and-software.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2012/12/network-traffic-analysis-laptop-power.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2013/02/laptop-thermal-design-convergence-and.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2012/10/more-security-oscilloscope-and-wireless_6750.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2011/11/hp-pavilion-dv2000-laptop-troubles.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2011/03/eeepc-recovery-without-recovery.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/11/lost-dell-recovery-disc-youtube.html
Random Stuff:
- as usual thanks to all of the individuals and groups who purchase and use my goods and services
http://sites.google.com/site/dtbnguyen/
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com.au/
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https://www.smh.com.au/national/if-i-could-gather-all-the-leaders-of-boys-schools-in-one-room-here-s-what-i-would-tell-them-20240321-p5fe63.html
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- latest in defense and intelligence
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Random Quotes:
- Trisha Goddard
I wouldn't have liked that label, I talk about, um, I have had depression or I live with depression, but I'd already been quite vocal about labels. I had a sister who had schizophrenia and I really despised people talking about schizophrenics or manic depressives or depressives, you know, because we don't talk about cancerous people, you know. And I think that if you label somebody enough – and I'd say that to everybody, anybody – if you label that person or that group of people enough, they take on a victimology, they see themselves as victims … I prefer to think of myself as someone who happens to have depression as part of their make-up, but has learned coping mechanisms.
https://www.open.edu/openlearn/society-politics-law/sociology/the-role-diagnosis-counselling-and-psychotherapy/content-section-2
- In white supremacist circles, a ghost skin is a white supremacist who refrains from openly displaying his racist beliefs for the purpose of blending into wider society and surreptitiously furthering his agenda. The term has been used in particular to refer to the entryism of racist activists in law enforcement.[1][2][3]
In an FBI Intelligence Assessment from 2006, the FBI Counterterrorism Division provides an overview of white supremacist infiltration of law enforcement and mentions that use of the term came to the agency's attention in late 2004.[4][2] In 2001, two law enforcement officers in Williamson County, Texas were fired after it was discovered they were members of the Ku Klux Klan.[3][5]
According to the Oregon National Socialist Movement website, explicitly cited by the 2006 FBI report, "Ghost Skins don't shave their heads, wear boots, braces or anything else that can visually identify them as Nazis. [They] strive to blend into society to be unreconizable [sic] by the jewish [sic] enemy. When it serves [their] purposes [they] gladly act politically correct. [They] are at war and [they] use the weapon of deception to deny the enemy intelligence they could use against [them]."[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost_skin
- Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property. An enslaved person is unable to withdraw unilaterally from such an arrangement and works without remuneration.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery
- Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.[1] An enslaved person is unable to withdraw unilaterally from such an arrangement and works without remuneration. Many scholars now use the term chattel slavery to refer to this specific sense of legalized, de jure slavery. In a broader sense, however, the word slavery may also refer to any situation in which an individual is de facto forced to work against their own will. Scholars also use the more generic terms such as unfree labour or forced labour to refer to such situations.[2] However, and especially under slavery in broader senses of the word, slaves may have some rights and protections according to laws or customs.
Slavery has existed in many cultures, dating back to early human civilizations.[3] It was legal in most societies at some time in the past but is now outlawed in all recognized countries.[4][5] The last country to officially abolish slavery was Mauritania in 1981. Nevertheless, as of 2016 there were an estimated 40.3 million people worldwide subject to some form of slavery.[6] A person can be enslaved from the time of their birth, capture, or purchase. The most common form of modern slave trade is commonly referred to as human trafficking. In some areas of the world, slavery continues through practices such as debt bondage, the most widespread form of slavery today;[2] serfdom; domestic servants kept in captivity; certain adoptions in which children are forced to work as slaves; child soldiers; and forced marriage.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery
- Diplomatic immunity is a form of legal immunity that ensures diplomats are given safe passage and are considered not susceptible to lawsuit or prosecution under the host country's laws, although they may still be expelled. Modern diplomatic immunity was codified as international law in the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations (1961) which has been ratified by all but a handful of nations. The concept and custom of diplomatic immunity dates back thousands of years. Many principles of diplomatic immunity are now considered to be customary law. Diplomatic immunity was developed to allow for the maintenance of government relations, including during periods of difficulties and armed conflict. When receiving diplomats, who formally represent the sovereign, the receiving head of state grants certain privileges and immunities to ensure they may effectively carry out their duties, on the understanding that these are provided on a reciprocal basis.
Originally, these privileges and immunities were granted on a bilateral, ad hoc basis, which led to misunderstandings and conflict, pressure on weaker states, and an inability for other states to judge which party was at fault. An international agreement known as the Vienna Convention codified the rules and agreements, providing standards and privileges to all states.
It is possible for the official's home country to waive immunity; this tends to happen only when the individual has committed a serious crime, unconnected with their diplomatic role (as opposed to, for example, allegations of spying), or has witnessed such a crime. However, many countries refuse to waive immunity as a matter of course; individuals have no authority to waive their own immunity[1] (except perhaps in cases of defection).[2] Alternatively, the home country may prosecute the individual.[2] For instance, in 2002, a Colombian diplomat in London was prosecuted for manslaughter, once diplomatic immunity was waived by the Colombian government.[3][4]
...
The concept of diplomatic immunity can be found in ancient Indian epics like Ramayana (between 3000 and 2000 BC) (traditional Hindu dating: over 100,000 years ago) and Mahabharata (around 4th century BC; traditional Hindu dating: 3000 BC), where messengers and diplomats were given immunity from capital punishment. In Ramayana, when the demon king Ravana ordered the killing of Hanuman, Ravana's younger brother Vibhishana pointed out that messengers or diplomats should not be killed, as per ancient practices.[5]
During the evolution of international justice, many wars were considered rebellions or unlawful by one or more combatant sides. In such cases, the servants of the "criminal" sovereign were often considered accomplices and their persons violated. In other circumstances, harbingers of inconsiderable demands were killed as a declaration of war. Herodotus records that when heralds of the Persian king Xerxes demanded "earth and water" (i.e., symbols of submission) of Greek cities, the Athenians threw them into a pit and the Spartans threw them down a well for the purpose of suggesting they would find both earth and water at the bottom, these often being mentioned by the messenger as a threat of siege. However, even for Herodotus, this maltreatment of envoys is a crime.[citation needed] He recounts a story of divine vengeance befalling Sparta for this deed.[6]
A Roman envoy was urinated on as he was leaving the city of Tarentum. The oath of the envoy, "This stain will be washed away with blood!", was fulfilled during the Second Punic War. The arrest and ill-treatment of the envoy of Raja Raja Chola by the king of Kulasekhara dynasty (Second Cheras), which is now part of modern India, led to the naval Kandalur War in AD 994.[7]
...
Modern
The British Parliament first guaranteed diplomatic immunity to foreign ambassadors in 1709, after Count Andrey Matveyev, a Russian resident in London, had been subjected to verbal and physical abuse by British bailiffs.
Modern diplomatic immunity evolved parallel to the development of modern diplomacy. In the 17th century, European diplomats realized that protection from prosecution was essential to doing their jobs, and a set of rules evolved guaranteeing the rights of diplomats. These were still confined to Western Europe and were closely tied to the prerogatives of nobility. Thus, an emissary to the Ottoman Empire could expect to be arrested and imprisoned upon the outbreak of hostilities between his state and the empire. The French Revolution also disrupted this system, as the revolutionary state and Napoleon imprisoned numerous diplomats who were accused of working against France. More recently, the Iran hostage crisis is universally considered a violation of diplomatic immunity. Although the hostage takers did not officially represent the state, host countries are obligated to protect diplomatic property and personnel. On the other hand, during World War II, diplomatic immunity was upheld and the embassies of the belligerents were evacuated through neutral countries.
For the upper class of the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries, diplomatic immunity was an easy concept to understand. The first embassies were not permanent establishments but actual visits by high-ranking representatives, often close relatives, of the sovereign or the sovereign in person. As permanent representations evolved, usually on a treaty basis between two powers, they were frequently staffed by relatives of the sovereign or high-ranking nobles.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diplomatic_immunity
- These vulnerabilities and platform abuse, Kalember claimed, were just the beginning. "Microsoft has also made many catastrophic architectural decisions. The design of Active Directory, Office macros, PowerShell, and other tools has enabled successive generations of threat actors to compromise entire environments undetected. This is one of the primary reasons why ransomware attacks spread from single machines to entire organisations unchecked.
"Now, many of these mistakes are being repeated in the cloud. We only need look at the horribly insecure default configuration of Office 365 for evidence of that."
In its defence, Kalember said it was not Microsoft's intention to become a leading contributor to security risk.
He contrasted the company's approach to software with that of Google and Apple. "If the company was moving slower to ship more secure code, discontinuing old features (like Apple), or trying to get its massive customer base to a great security baseline faster (like Google), it could do amazing things for the security community. But it's not."
And he accused the Redmond giant of profiting from vulnerabilities and exploitable configurations. "...with one hand, the company ships vulnerabilities and hosts malware, and with the other, it charges to 'protect' users from those same vulnerabilities and threats.
"Add in the world's most extensive incident response practice, and Microsoft is the arsonist, the fire department, and the building inspector all rolled into one."
On the plus side, Kalember said numerous companies were now looking beyond Microsoft to protect users and environments.
"Most security leaders are reluctant to put all their eggs in a Microsoft basket, but all IT professionals should both expect and demand that all their vendors, even the big ones, mitigate more security risk than they create," he added.
https://itwire.com/security/microsoft-a-big-part-of-the-cyber-security-problem-proofpoint-exec.html
- While it's not an inheritance tax per se, millions of Australians' retirement savings may be taxable upon death.
It all depends on your marital status and whether you have "dependants" (that is children or someone else who lives with you and financially depends on you).
If you are single and childless, and no one else depends on you, your super money will be taxed before being handed to the person you nominate to receive it — assuming you nominated someone prior to your death to get the money.
If you've got hundreds of thousands of dollars in your retirement savings and die, that money will be taxed up to 32 per cent before the remaining portion is transferred to your nominated beneficiaries.
Conversely, married people, those in a de facto arrangement and those with dependent children don't face the same tax consequence in the event of their death.
Many people choose to withdraw their superannuation tax-free at retirement age to avoid any tax that would be payable on it if they die.
However, for those who don't have the option to withdraw, it begs the question: Is having a hefty tax on some and not others a fair outcome in a society where more Australians are making life choices to stay single and not have kids?
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2021-11-29/death-tax-by-stealth-superannuation-savings-retirement-investing/100644100
- That last point is the most obvious criticism of the Pew report. The agency polled adults in 24 countries; there are 193 United Nations member states, which indicates that it does not show any serious global trend purely based on its methodology. There is also a strong selection bias for high-income countries and American allies. However, some middle-income and poorer countries were polled and the data reveals what many know to be true – the Global South largely has favorable views of China.
...
There is a definitive and ongoing battle for hearts and minds between China and the US, and so-called 'China experts' are the Americans' foot soldiers whether they realize it or not. And there are only bound to be more systemic incentives for China hawks in the future considering members of the US Congress keep introducing legislation, like the Senate 'Countering Chinese Propaganda Act' or the House 'Countering the PRC Malign Influence Fund Authorization Act', which would see hundreds of millions spent on negative news coverage against China. Both of these bills have been absorbed into the House and Senate's versions of the America COMPETES Act, which have passed in both chambers but are awaiting minor changes before becoming law.
On the other hand, it should be noted that China does not spend anywhere near this amount of money on superfluous propaganda and is instead focused on win-win cooperation on trade and infrastructure. It turns out that poorer countries that have been gutted by centuries of European and American exploitation directly benefit from investments in tangible assets, which China is more keen on providing these days as opposed to the West. Had Pew Research polled all 193 UN member states, doubtless this would have been reflected.
https://www.rt.com/news/581076-china-negative-opinions-survey/
- "Sometimes I had to earn extra money," he said. "I mean, earn extra money by car, as a private driver. It's unpleasant to talk about to be honest, but unfortunately that was the case."
At the time, taxis were a rarity in Russia, and many private individuals would give rides to strangers to help make ends meet. Some would even use work vehicles such as ambulances as taxis.
Mr Putin is known to be a former agent of the Soviet security service, the KGB.
However, in the early 1990s he worked in the office of St Petersburg Mayor Anatoly Sobchak. He maintains that he resigned from the KGB after the August 1991 coup against Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev which led to the break-up of the USSR.
I did take a bus on its way back to its depot one night but I drew the line at that ambulance... These were just some of the vehicles I found doubling as taxis in 1990s Russia. Every young Russian I knew in Moscow back then seemed to use them and, eventually, every Russian family man with a motor seemed to be moonlighting as a bombila (bomber), the nickname for informal cabbies.
When I first arrived as a student in 1989 there were only two unwritten rules: don't get in a car with more than one person in it and agree the fare before you set off. There just weren't enough official taxis. Usually the biggest risk you ran was causing offense to a macho driver by trying to put on a seat belt.
Vladimir Putin: I moonlighted as a taxi driver in the 1990s
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-59629670
- The displaced Palestinians were later denied the right to return, so the mizrahim stayed and named their new home Givat Amal Bet. Unlike other villages that were absorbed into the municipality as Tel Aviv grew, however, the 40 or so working-class families living there were never allowed to purchase the land on which their homes were built. Despite paying city taxes, they have had irregular access to services such as water and electricity and were banned from altering or upgrading their homes.
The community is still fighting a decades-long legal battle for compensation with development companies, the state and the Tel Aviv municipality, but the last of the neighbourhood's residents were forcibly evicted from their homes last month.
"When my parents came from Damascus we were asked to settle here to help the state," said Yossi Cohen, 68, who in November was dragged by police out of the house in which he was born. Israel's first prime minister, David Ben-Gurion, had "promised that we would be rewarded, that we would keep our homes", he said. But during the eviction, most of the contents of his house were dumped outside, and a fence now stops anyone from going in.
"We have fought discrimination from the Ashkenazi [Jews of European heritage] our whole lives. We live on some of the most expensive land in Tel Aviv, so they try force us off, the same way they do with the Arabs."
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/dec/12/tel-aviv-poverty-eviction-givat-amal-bet-gentrification-worlds-most-expensive-city
- As Waqas Ahmed, author of The Polymath, puts it: "In order for you to make a novel contribution to any given field, you need to look at that field through the broadest possible lens and to draw in as many sources of inspiration as possible." The mastery of different fields trains you to look at problems from multiple viewpoints, which makes original insight more likely. He points to Maya Angelou – the poet, journalist, actor, filmmaker, and civil rights activist who also enjoyed work as a dancer and singer – as a modern example of a polymath whose multiple interests offered much more than the sum of their parts and together fuelled her astonishing creativity.
https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20221028-why-theres-more-to-being-smart-than-intelligence
Global plastic pollution is forcing our planet to adapt, growing microorganisms that can degrade the accumulating waste, a new study claims. Living organisms with the potential to diminish 10 types of plastic have been discovered.
Bugs producing plastic-degrading enzymes both on land and in oceans are growing in quantity and diversity, the study from the Swedish Chalmers University of Technology shows. Researchers have discovered over 30,000 enzyme homologues – members of protein sequences sharing similar properties – that live all around the planet and have the potential to degrade the 10 types of plastic most widely used by humans.
Around 12,000 such organisms were found in the ocean, and 18,000 in the soil, researchers revealed, adding that their habitats correlate with local levels of plastic pollution. The highest amounts of plastic-degrading bugs were discovered in "notoriously highly polluted areas," including the South Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea.
"We did not expect to find such a large number of them across so many different microbes and environmental habitats. This is a surprising discovery that really illustrates the scale of the issue," the study's first author, Jan Zrimec, said.
https://www.rt.com/news/543356-plastic-degrading-microbes-study/
- This is Matrix movie star Keanu Reeves. He was abandoned by his father at 3 years old and grew up with 3 different stepfathers. He is dyslexic. His dream of becoming a hockey player was shattered by a serious accident. His daughter died at birth. His wife died in a car accident. His best friend, River Phoenix, died of an overdose. His sister battled leukemia.
No bodyguards, no luxury houses. Keanu lives in an ordinary apartment and likes wandering around town and often seen riding a subway in NYC.
When he was filming the movie "The Lake House," he overheard the conversation of two costume assistants, one crying as he would lose his house if he did not pay $20,000 - On the same day, Keanu deposited the necessary amount in his bank account. In his career, he has donated large sums to hospitals including $75 million of his earnings from "The Matrix" to charities.
In 2010, on his birthday, Keanu walked into a bakery & bought a brioche with a single candle, ate it in front of the bakery, and offered coffee to people who stopped to talk to him.
In 1997 some paparazzi found him walking one morning in the company of a homeless man in Los Angeles, listening to him and sharing his life for a few hours.
In life, sometimes the ones most broken from inside are the ones most willing to help others.
This man could buy everything, and instead every day he gets up and chooses one thing that cannot be bought:
👉To be a caring person.😍❤
𝗡𝗮𝘁𝘂𝗿𝗲 & 𝗪𝗶𝗹𝗱𝗹𝗶𝗳𝗲
https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100086597888244
- The report also found almost 40 per cent of victims who had been forced to act as witnesses would not return to provide evidence, while 74 per cent said they never or rarely felt part of the justice process.
Victims of Crime Commissioner Fiona McCormack has made 55 recommendations to restore public confidence in the beleaguered system, which continues to fail victims despite legislative changes in 2018.
"When victims report a crime, they expect to play a part in the justice process but in reality, most felt they were silenced and sidelined," she said.
"Victims are the inevitable result of crime, yet the criminal justice system is primarily designed to ensure the fair treatment of the accused. Victims are asking for a criminal justice system that delivers justice for them."
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/australia/broken-justice-system-leaves-victims-silenced-and-sidelined-report-says/ar-BB1k2CTh
