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Showing posts with label Cyprus. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Cyprus. Show all posts

Wednesday, March 27, 2013

Bailing-In European Style - Part 2

A deal with Cyprus was obviously concluded. However, some comments were made which were probably unwise or ill-timed (or weren't depending on your perspective).
http://www.680news.com/2013/03/25/eurogroups-dijsselbloem-forcing-losses-on-bank-owners-large-depositors-new-rescue-template/
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/25/eurozone-cyprus-speaker-idUSL5N0CG13N20130325
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/25/us-markets-global-idUSBRE88901C20130325
http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/25/uk-eurogroup-cyprus-dijsselbloem-idUKBRE92O0IL20130325
http://au.businessinsider.com/buiter-euro-recovery-starts-with-cyprus-2013-3
http://finance.ninemsn.com.au/newscolumnists/greg/8632465/the-overnight-report-cyprus-evokes-double-dutch
http://www.smh.com.au/business/cypriot-deal-no-blueprint-says-stevens-20130326-2gs92.html
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-25/dijsselbloem-says-euro-troubled-lenders-must-fend-for-themselves.html

A number of ways we can interpreted what was said:
- he was sending out a warning to the rest of the Eurozone to reduce their risk exposure
- he was being honest and direct about future Eurozone policy
- he simply wanted to test the markets to see how they would respond
- he was slightly careless in airing his mind
Either way, it gives an important insight into what the European leaders are thinking. It also tells us that they could probably handle the public relations side a little bit better (leaking certain notes from meetings does not help either. All it does is trigger speculation... unless the point is to guage market reaction to such policies?).
http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2013/03/25/the-dijsselbloem-principle/
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324789504578384500381305458.html

Like I said in my previous post, I believe that the public should not take on responsibility for reckless behaviour in the private sector. I'm not in the game of rewarding incompetance, hubris, or sheer foolishness and I don't think that many of the international creditors that are currently in charge of bailouts are either (I probably wouldn't have dipped into deposits though. This would has probably increased the chances of 'capital flight' (there's already an increased number of inquiries regarding movement towards safer options within the EU/Eurozone) and ironically stronger 'capital controls'. No one's saying that they can't have a flourishing financial sector. We just want a stable/healthy (even if it is a 'bloated' sector)). We can't keep on trying to fix debt with more debt if there is no growth that stems from it. Moreover, by taking public money and using it to bail out banks whose business models/practices are simply not functioning/working is not doing anybody any favours. Even if we had bailed them out and did exactly what they wanted who says we wouldn't be in the exact some situation several months down the line? The thing that I've noticed is that during times of stress/volatility people often double down and they either end up winning big or losing big. For the moment, we'll play things by the book until things stablise.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/mar/26/cyprus-bailout-eurozone-clash-savers
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/26/eurozone-cyprus-luxembourg-germany-idUSL2N0CI1FW20130326
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_control
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424127887324373204578376502337439038.html
http://www.irishtimes.com/business/economy/europe/euro-zone-remains-stuck-in-a-horrific-mess-1.1339928
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/mar/24/cyprus-economic-model-broken-advisers
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-03-26/cyprus-capital-controls-first-in-eu-could-last-years

For those people who think that the deal was 'bad' for them and basically destroys their financial sector and economy (We need to think about this within context. If a retail chain, car manufacturer, or defense contractor suddenly falls apart does the government step in? Only in rare cases do they step in and even then it is only with heavy conditions imposed that they are granted government support. The same applies here.). They need to understand what exactly what was on the line. The country was basically a day (hours actually) away from 'bankruptcy'. Not only would you have lost both banks but government services, and a good proportion of other things that you take for granted as well. Moreover, my understanding is that much of the equipment that is required to create your own currency is destroyed upon entry to the Eurozone which means that a graceful exit is unlikely to be smooth nor simple. People need to understand the implications of going it alone. It's clear that the apetite is not there to test the waters and see what an exit from the Eurozone would be like. They also need to undertand that others were basically overexposing themselves to more risk than required. They should be part of the solution. You can't blame someone else for making bad decisions. If the market is there for other banks surefly they shoud consider especially in light of the light of the stress the existing bank is under?
http://au.news.yahoo.com/thewest/business/a/-/world/16443742/anxious-cypriots-blame-eu-fear-for-the-future/
http://blogs.reuters.com/felix-salmon/2013/03/25/cyprus-its-not-over-yet/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/mar/26/cyprus-europe-love-tougher-austerity
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/superhuman-bid-to-reopen-cypriot-banks/story-e6frg6so-1226607319532
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/wall-street-journal/cyprus-bailout-may-not-be-the-last/story-fnay3x58-1226607477703

It wasn't a question of Cyprus being forced/co-erced into anything (negotiations have been going on in the background for some while now though. Had they accepted an earlier offer things may have been a little less painful as well. Whether it was necessary or useful to target depositors with such a haircut is in question. Confidence is just as important in financial markets as are fundamentals. Would have only targeted creditors. Re-structuring can mean very many things but part of it is getting rid of toxic assets and trying to restore the health of the EU/Eurozone as quickly as possible.). The people running those banks chose to increase their risk exposure. It would be fine if they were still growing but with the EU/Eurozone being relatively unstable/seak over the last few years they took on too much than they could chew and they basically lost. While the solution that has been found may not be perfect it has staved off the uncertainty that comes part of a Eurozone exit. Something which neither European nor Cypriot leaders seem to be willing to countenance at this particular moment in time. Even in the case of Iceland/Finland while things may have recovered, things aren't exactly 'normal' now. Capital controls that were imposed long ago are still present (they have a odd way of dealing with foreign exchanges), many of their former billionaires are no longer, and a good chunk of their bloated financial sector is now gone.
http://www.bdlive.co.za/world/europe/2013/03/27/osborne-criticises-slow-eurozone-rescue
http://www.independent.ie/business/world/no-more-billionaires-as-iceland-purges-itself-of-old-values-that-brought-ruin-29144720.html
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/how-the-european-union-killed-cyprus-in-one-day-2013-03-25?link=MW_home_latest_news
http://www.marketwatch.com/story/cyprus-lenders-agree-bailout-deal-reports-2013-03-24
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-27/cyprus-capital-controls-first-in-eu-could-last-years.html
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/24/us-eurozone-finland-idUSBRE92N0BY20130324
http://www.kwrintl.com/library/2010/thesovereignchallenge.html
http://www.upi.com/Top_News/Analysis/Outside-View/2013/03/25/Outside-View-Cyprus-would-do-better-to-leave-the-euro/UPI-88431364216756/
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-03-26/german-10-year-bunds-decline-before-dutch-italian-debt-auctions

The other thing that needs to understand is that if that we go towards the bail-in model we won't be propping up unsustainable businesses models/practices any longer but actually gaining genuine, sustainable, real growth that actually helps the citizens of Europe in the long term. They may not have the ability to devalue but they do have other countries/people who have the strength and hopefully the desire to help rebuild their economy. The thing they need to know is that they aren't going to be alone as they rebuild their economy (perhaps with the right incentives and supervision another bank may be able to fill in the void?).
http://www.neurope.eu/article/taskforce-cyprus
http://www.incyprus.com.cy/en-gb/Top-Stories-News/4342/33834/eu-to-help-cyprus-rebuild-economy
Moreover, since they are such a small country:
- they are in a position to make rapid changes (regulation, taxes, investment)
- any changes that do make will have an almost immediate impact
- the results of any successful programs that the ECB implements in Cyprus can be used in aiding other Eurozone members
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/mar/24/cyprus-bailout-lehman-demise
http://www.slideshare.net/as248/the-myopia-of-hope-bob-swarup-presentation-feb-2013?goback=.gde_116172_member_219439575
The key questions are of course:
- the timing of investment (do we try to break the fall or do we let it bottom out?)?
- what form of investment (private, public, what sections of the economy?)?
- and how much investment?
There are several purposes for this investment. Among them are trying to balance the ledger (cuts Vs growth) and social/political change (if policies here are sucessful and they are able to recover rapidly, then we can extend them back upwards up the hierarchy if need be in places such as Spain, Portual, Italy, and Greece. Will also help strengthen enthusiasm/confidence for the policies that are currently being pursued.)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyprus
http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG

If we're going to have capital controls (even if only temporarily) the ECB, EU, and other relevant stakeholders (British actually flew in Euros to their military bases) should make provisions to deal with basic necessities/goods as well. It's another compounding problem, if people can't withdraw enough money how are they going to pay for goods and services, what reasons are their to bring money in if they can't bring it out, etc?
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_control

Should probably hold off on adding new members to the Eurozone for the time being unless it can be proven that it will be beneficial to both the Eurozone as well as the country in question.

Interesting that the EU/Eurozone seems to have the ability to do things quickly if/when required. Suggest they do it more often and more proactively (perhaps even get the bank supervisor going by the end of the year as opposed to mid-2014?). Helps avoid critical situations like this weekend (though obviously co-operation admittedly wasn't strong early in the piece in this case) and allows us to use the Eurozone/EU in the way in which it was originally intended, for the benefit of other states.

Market manipulation/money laundering problem not a simple problem to solve.
http://euobserver.com/magnitsky/119156
http://euobserver.com/justice/119567
http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2013/03/26/europe-expands-investigation-into-derivatives-market/

Interesting perspective of political ramifications of Cyprus situation.
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2297258/If-Cyprus-falls-Putins-grip-West-lost-battle-new-Cold-War.html?ito=feeds-newsxml
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/culture/books/bookreviews/9287904/Deception-Spies-Lies-and-How-Russia-Dupes-the-West-by-Edward-Lucas-review.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/worldviews/wp/2013/03/25/a-bailout-for-cyprus-a-geopolitical-failure-for-russia/

http://blogs.reuters.com/edward-hadas/2013/03/27/banker-think-in-welcome-retreat/http://www.dailyfx.com/forex/fundamental/article/weekly_spotlight/2013/03/26/What_if_Were_Wrong_About_Cyprus_and_Jorgen_Dijsselbloem_Christopher_Vecchio.html
http://www.euroweek.com/Article.aspx?ArticleID=3181653&LS=EMS807498&eventcookielogin=Login&cookielogin=1&actionname=cookielogin&eid=E017
http://au.businessinsider.com/dijsselbloem-reveals-the-euro-end-game-2013-3 
http://www.ibtimes.com/five-ways-euro-zone-has-changed-eu-imf-ecb-known-troika-financially-rescued-cyprus-1149931
http://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/euro-rises-after-cyprus-agrees-to-deal-20130325-2gpq6.html
http://www.consilium.europa.eu//uedocs/cms_data/docs/pressdata/en/ecofin/136487.pdf
http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/world/europe-money-crisis-leads-to-poor-health/story-e6frfkui-1226607555265
http://www.smh.com.au/world/wholesale-theft--in-the-name-of-saving-the-euro-20130326-2gr7a.html
http://www.smh.com.au/world/cypriots-fear-austeritys-big-hit-20130327-2gumm.html
http://www.smh.com.au/business/motley-fool/the-end-of-the-financial-crisis-20130326-2grlw.html
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/debt-crisis-live/
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/cyprus-plays-safe-as-markets-spooked/story-e6frg6so-1226607114069
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/23/us-eurozone-cyprus-precedent-idUSBRE92M09N20130323
http://www.businessinsider.com/kotok-europe-is-in-trouble-2013-3?IR=T
http://www.independent.ie/opinion/analysis/shocking-treatment-of-cyprus-has-exposed-eurozones-inherent-flaws-29150368.html
http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-eurozone-cyprus-dutch-pollbre92n091-20130324,0,3155890.story
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/25/business/global/25iht-dixon25.html?_r=0
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/24/us-eurozone-cyprus-worldbank-idUSBRE92N09T20130324
http://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/revamped-cyprus-deal-to-close-bank-force-losses-20130325-2gp41.html
http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/cyprus-bailout-deal-reached/2013/03/25/1e11f04a-9530-11e2-95ca-dd43e7ffee9c_story.html
http://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/as-euro-zone-suffers-emerging-markets-thrive-20130325-2gokq.html
http://www.iol.co.za/business/business-news/emerging-states-risk-catching-cyprus-cold-1.1490930
http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/cypriot-parliament-investigates-government-after-dubious-transactions-a-891168.html
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/25/eurozone-cyprus-barnier-idUSL5N0CH24M20130325
http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/21/uk-eurozone-cyprus-call-idUKBRE92K0DW20130321
http://www.chicagotribune.com/business/sns-rt-us-eurozone-cyprus-banksbre92o0r8-20130325,0,1480820.story
http://www.abc.net.au/news/2013-03-26/cyprus-banks-remain-shut-michael-pettis-offers-his/4596150?section=business
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2013/mar/26/eurozone-crisis-cyprus-banks
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/fcd3f62e-953b-11e2-a151-00144feabdc0.html
http://www.ekathimerini.com/4dcgi/_w_articles_wsite3_1_26/03/2013_489977
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/26/piraeusbank-cyprus-idUSL5N0CI0D420130326
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/mar/27/cyprus-germany-cause-eurozone-crisis
http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2013/mar/26/cyprus-bailout-eurozone
http://www.foxbusiness.com/news/2013/03/26/cyprus-rescue-marks-game-changer-for-europe-banks/
http://www.nytimes.com/2013/03/27/business/global/europe-officials-seek-to-contain-cyprus-damage.html?pagewanted=all
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-26/canada-says-six-largest-banks-are-all-systemically-important-.html
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2012/nov/22/paul-tucker-splitting-banks-retail-investment
http://www.hm-treasury.gov.uk/press_46_12.htm

- as usual thanks to all of the individuals and groups who purchase and use my goods and services
http://sites.google.com/site/dtbnguyen/
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com.au/

Sunday, March 24, 2013

Bailing-In European Style

It's clear that people are tired of watching banks and others major institutions of getting themselves into trouble only for them to be 'bailed out' using taxpayer money (often because failure may result in a catastrophic cascade/succession of other failures). This has happened most prominently in the United States of late but obviously the situation has continuously popped up over the last few years in Europe as well.

Thus far, the reasons how they have found themselves in be such circumstances have often been related to compentency, taking high levels of risk that borders on negligence and malpractice, and engaging in (and being knowingly involved in) unethical and often illegal transactions.

I think most people are in the same boat though. As far as I'm concerned the people in charge can make an unlimited amount of money if they perform. However, if they have to be bailed out they should be penalised for their indiscretions. The option to take a haircut of salaries, stock options, and so on... of any people who are directly responsible should not and can not be ruled out (ironically, there are often local laws which cover corporate governance in relation to these issues though awareness of these particular laws is sometimes sub-par and not enforced often or harshly enough)(In an ideal world such people would either resign or be let go. However, keeping them on temporarily so that they can detail just exactly where they diverged may be necessary/required.). They have to learn that if they want to play with other people's money they will be held accountable. After all, it's clear that there is a far greater propensity for risk taking, if you have no 'skin in the game'.

Moreover:
- if funds can be determined to be be used for criminal (or other abnormal) activities (if you've ever read up on/about issues related to 'export controls' especially with regards to countries that are under sanction you'll realise that tracking such activities is easier said than done. There is also the problem of just exactly how big a role criminal activity plays in modern economies. One paper I read basically insinuated that it may actually be 'holding' up a good chunk of 'normal activity'. More research needs to go into this...)
http://globalresearch.ca/articles/PET108A.html
http://www.fatf-gafi.org/pages/faq/moneylaundering/
http://www.spiegel.de/international/europe/german-spy-agency-says-cyprus-bailout-would-help-russian-oligarchs-a-865291.html
- if they have resorted to unusual regulations to artifically boost their performance in an unsustainable fashion which could lead to collapse
- or if there is any other 'abnormalities' in the system
they should be among the first to be forced to shell out some of the burden not the average citizen who hasn't done anything wrong
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/20/a-very-clear-explanation-of-why-the-euro-zone-keeps-exploding/

Obviously, there are several key problems with 'bailing in' including:
- bank/currency runs
- loss of confidence which can lead to other cascading effects
- legal/jurisdictional issues
- political issues (though history indicates that if a levy is implemented fairly and under the correct circumstances it may actually be successful)
http://carolabinder.blogspot.com.au/2013/03/cyprus-levy-historical-precedents.html
http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=980223
- implementation (they recently closed banks in Cyprus as a means of stopping a bank/currency run. This is only part of the solution though. If they do go directly after proceeds from criminal activity or other people 'of wealth' they need to think about back dating laws/dealing with jurisdiction issues so that if money is shifted or broken into multiple accounts (to deal with haircuts that are based on 'tiering'). Further discussion required at an international level.)

That's why I'm proposing something slightly different. Recently, the Australian Federal government implemented something called a 'super profits' tax on the mining sector (It's implementation was only partially successful due to loopholes in the way it was legislated.) as a way of basically funding future investment if/when the mining sector does undergo something of a downturn. I propose something similar. If banks are making substantial profits (the size of this is arbitrary but if you look at profits in the financial sector they seem quite healthy at the top end despite many of the problems that we are currently facing), a chunk of their profits will to go into a pool that is then used to help stablise, neutralise, and then hopefully fix crises situations such as this. It will ultimately act as a further firewall against instability and reduce the burden upon central banks (and ultimately taxpayers) in dealing with such circumstances (Obviously, the key problem is the size of it and how to implement it without impacting upon growth upon the finance/banking sector too much. Further thought/discussion required...).
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/22/the-scary-politics-of-the-euro-zone/

Banks/opponents of this policy need to think about it in a different way. If one of their competitors collapses even though they may get a share of the clients confidence in the sector is also shaken which ultimately impacts on them as well. This is reflected in the style of assets which clients are willing to invest in and ultimately the returns that are realistically posisble. Moreover, it's clear that many banks have questionable assets on their books (everywhere not just Europe) and that removing them from their books isn't going to be an easy nor quick process. A pool of money from those who are able to provide further stability to the system is in everyone's best interest and ultimately backs up any stablity funds or any other liquidity options that are provided by the ECB.
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-11/europe-s-accounting-rules-are-destroying-its-banks.html
http://www.banksdaily.com/topbanks/Europe/2011.html
http://www.banksdaily.com/topbanks/Europe/2012.html

Another option is to bail out/in based on citizenship (transfer all money back/responsibility back to the point of origin). At this point, we re-capitalise which reduces the burden on depositors. An option to basically reduce the size of the possible impact of a possible default, reduce the size of the finance sector in proportion in comparison to their economy while also allowing them room to breathe and basically set things right. Basically, roll up the bank or shift the responsibility back to others within the Eurozone (or elsewhere) to maintain confidence within the Eurozone whilst also allowing for the (hopefully) successful roll up of the bank in question. Clearly this is something that has been thought of (and implemented) in the past (Iceland/Greece) but it is also clear that there is some reluctance by those who basically have 'less skin to lose' than members of the Eurozone. If we do go down this path we may require more negotiations and therefore more time to have deal with the problem at large. Time that we may not have depending on those that are involved and how far they're willing to push their case forward.
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/16/cyprus-bailout-greece-idUSL6N0C81SM20130316

Finally, equity in projects underway should always be considered (enough to make it worthwhile but also allows the country in question to maintain sovereignty).
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-20/cyprus-s-four-options-to-avoid-banking-collapse.html

For me, only after all of these other options have been considered should a broad levy be considered...

Been thinking about the logistics of having a second currency. Instead of a second currency if another country were willing to share their currency (temporarily or over the long term) that may be an option with regards to an exit and would save on a lot of production/implementation issues as well? The obvious question is just exactly who would be willing to put their hand up to do this.

The obvious question that has been asked before is whether or not they (Cyprus) are that important in the overall scheme of things. As stated elsewhere, they represent only a fraction of Eurozone output and most markets seem to be brushing off these issues. People may be factoring in confidence as too vital a factor in this circumstance. The key thing is just how strongly they are linked back into the Eurozone/EU.
http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/thomson-reuters/130321/spain-beats-bond-sale-target-brushes-cyprus-crisis-0
http://www.latimes.com/news/world/worldnow/la-fg-wn-cyprus-euro-crisis-20130319,0,1616609.story
From a personal perspective, I think it would be a really good test to see how the Eurozone/EU would hold up and the logistics of the process if they were to be let go.

One of the things I've found interesting throughout the the European crises is the dynamic/relationship between the desires/rights of the individual versus that of the state and ultimately the EU. On the one hand, you have those who are doing everything they possibly can to keep it from breaking up. On the other hand, there are those who are calling for reform and possibly even the breakup of the Eurozone/EU. Clearly, some of the policies that have been implemented may take time to bear fruit (such as in Germany when they reformed their labour laws about a decade ago) but the thing that continues to plague me is whether or not forcing countries into the mould/shape is necessarily the best policy at this particular moment in time. If we use a second currency we'll gain some additional flexibility, give some countries some more breathing room, and basically allow them to make their own progress in a multi-tier/speed EU which also allows them to change position at any point in time should they desire (depending on it's implementation). For me, progression should be natural and desired not forced. This shouldn't be a question of just not whether or not whether policies that are being pursued are the correct way forward. We should also question whether or not short/medium term pain is worth long term gain (or vice versa) and whether ultimately the citizens of EU/Eurozone buy into the vision that European leaders are currently proposing.
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2013/01/the-rebirth-and-regrowth-of-european.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2013/03/europes-road-towards-regrowth-continued.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2013/03/europes-road-towards-regrowth.html

The other thing that needs to be thought about is whether the stronger economies can energise the weaker ones or whether they are just being slowed down them. This is not a simple question obviously especially in light of the role Asia (and China in particular) have played in global economic growth in recent history.
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/2f89e5ee-930a-11e2-9593-00144feabdc0.html

http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/22/the-scary-politics-of-the-euro-zone/
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/22/us-cyprus-parliament-idUSBRE92G03I20130322
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/18/everything-you-need-to-know-about-the-cyprus-bailout-in-one-faq-2/
http://www.smh.com.au/world/cyprus-shellshocked-over-eurozone-bailout-20130317-2g8db.html
http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/03/20/us-eurozone-cyprus-greece-heat-idUSBRE92J0QT20130320
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/news/world/rescue-options-narrow-as-cyprus-works-on-plan-b/story-e6frg6so-1226602891881
http://www.economist.com/blogs/blighty/2013/03/generational-inequality?spc=scode&spv=xm&ah=9d7f7ab945510a56fa6d37c30b6f1709
http://www.latimes.com/business/money/la-fi-mo-oecd-global-economy-20130311,0,4815250.story
http://www.theaustralian.com.au/business/wall-street-journal/is-bitter-medicine-for-cyprus-a-cure-for-the-eurozone/story-fnay3x58-1226600464827
http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/21/uk-france-tax-idUKBRE92K0BV20130321
http://uk.reuters.com/article/2013/03/15/uk-eurozone-cyprus-idUKBRE92E02120130315
http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/articles/368579/20120731/deutsche-bank-results-investment-banking.htm
http://rt.com/op-edge/cyprus-no-longer-part-eurozone-544/
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-03-17/how-europe-let-cyprus-get-into-this-mess#r=discussed
http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/03/19/what-is-the-eurozone-doing/
http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/economics-blog/2013/mar/19/cyprus-eurozone-cunning-plan-bank-bailout
http://thinkprogress.org/economy/2013/03/19/1739601/united-kingdom-united-states-austerity/?mobile=nc
http://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/cyprus-banks-set-for-overhaul-amid-ecb-threats-20130322-2gjas.html
http://www.smh.com.au/business/world-business/what-happens-if-cyprus-cant-agree-to-a-plan-b-20130322-2gje7.html
http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2013-03-20/jittery-spaniards-seek-safe-haven-in-bitcoins#r=read
http://www.businessweek.com/news/2013-03-21/grillo-s-euro-skeptic-party-seeks-mandate-for-italy-government
http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2013-03-20/why-global-economies-face-an-age-of-deflation.html
http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_SPEECH-01-540_en.htm
http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/f2e5a544-8d8f-11e2-9a8a-00144feabdc0.html

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Endless Energy, Endless Food, Endless Resources, and More

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