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Wednesday, June 17, 2020

History of Hate and Supremacy, Random Stuff, and More

- if you study enough history and political science then you begin to understand the world that we live in. One thing I've come to wonder is whether or not we still have the core beliefs/ideas and power structures that have existed for hundreds (maybe even thousands) of years. Instead of monarchs we still heads of state but they still believe in the same ideas, act in the same way, perpetuate the same power structures, etc... In this post I'd like to explore the history of hate and supremacy. This is particularly pertinent given the the Black Lives Matter movement, debate regarding racial divisions, systemic racism of late:
Angela Davis on Black Lives Matter Protests, Trump vs Biden & Defunding the Police (EP.891)
‘Racist legacy’ _ UK is having an existential crisis over its colonial past
Race in America
https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p08g23k6?page=2
Debate - The West Should Pay Reparations for Slavery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HboI2t5_M4I
On Contact - The New Republic with D D Guttenplan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bJKG-hOZiqk
A Moral Debt - The Legacy of Slavery in the USA _ Correspondent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDvCDs9k6s
A Moral Debt - The Legacy of Slavery in the USA _ Correspondent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrUz8nninx8
Fighting Slavery From Space _ 101 East-V
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hdR9CKxE
How can modern slavery be stopped _ Inside Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ri8VQl85568
The legacy of slavery and Empire today _ Studio B, Unscripted (web extra)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUJLoU8mOwU
Why have slave rebellions been left out of US history
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-Htg6yXnM4
Chris Hedges' Empire of Illusion _ The New School
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_EpeF1fcji0
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=cornel+west
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornel_West
Cornel West - 'Speaking Truth to Power'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Bc6TRjptKI
Dr. Cornel West on Racism, Inequality, & American Empire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlAFxMcFsGo
Racism in Portugal - A blind spot for the media
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FQAQhwHsK7k
DEBATE _ Was destroying the statue justified
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wmdj40c6n4s
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=slavery
10 Countries Most Afflicted By Modern Slavery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d2FSPdgEguk
Life Aboard a Slave Ship _ History
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmQvofAiZGA
Modern Day Slavery - Full Episode
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ielKBf5Jp6E
Modern slavery, hidden in plain sight _ Kate Garbers _ TEDxExeter
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xYQdZWj5G0g
Slavery - Crash Course US History #13
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ajn9g5Gsv98
The Atlantic slave trade - What too few textbooks told you - Anthony Hazard
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3NXC4Q_4JVg
Why Did Europeans Enslave Africans
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=opUDFaqNgXc
"We still have economic and political and social policies that affect African-Americans, other minorities and poor people in this country," he says.
"I was gone almost 50 years … America had superficially, on the surface, the appearance of change, but underneath that, all of the things that I knew and grew up in — all of the attitudes — were still there."
It took Woodfox almost 45 years to win his physical freedom, but in his own way he became a free man while he was in solitary confinement.
"There was a time in my life when I decided that I would be the human being I wanted to be, that I would take control of my life, I would determine who I am, and not let the policies of this country and prison shape me … my values, my code of conduct," he says.
"And that has served me well."
Delegation to China
In late September 1971, Huey P. Newton led a delegation to China and stayed for 10 days.[128] At every airport in China, Huey was greeted by thousands of people waving copies of the Little Red Book and displaying signs that said "we support the Black Panther Party, down with US imperialism" or "we support the American people but the Nixon imperialist regime must be overthrown". During the trip the Chinese arranged for him to meet and have dinner with a DPRK ambassador, a Tanzanian ambassador, and delegations from both North Vietnam and the Provisional Revolutionary Government of South Vietnam.[134] Huey was under the impression he was going to meet Mao Zedong, but instead had two meetings with the first Premier of the People's Republic of China Zhou Enlai. One of these meetings also included Mao Zedong's wife Jiang Qing. Huey described China as "a free and liberated territory with a socialist government".[135]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Panther_Party
In the US, black resistance was politicised. It was leapt on by the federal government and the press as being Marxist and pro-Soviet. This being just two years after the Russian Revolution, black-rights movements were labelled “Bolshevik.” Sound familiar?
Just about every mainstream newspaper, including other supposedly “liberal” titles, such as the New York Times and Wall Street Journal, spun the line of black “Bolsheviks.” The Times ran the headline “Reds Try to Stir Negroes to Revolt.”
This was in part due to federal briefings to the press. The state was determined to ignore racial inequality and heap the blame on socialists. The attorney general, A. Mitchell Palmer, reported to Congress on the anarchist and Bolshevik threat, and accused black community leaders of an “ill-governed reaction toward race rioting.”
The riots also coincided with the beginning of J. Edgar Hoover’s notorious career. He blamed the Washington riots on “numerous assaults committed by Negroes upon white women,” despite an absence of evidence, and the Elaine massacre on “agitation in a Negro lodge.” He also initiated an investigation of “Negro activities.”
While there were most certainly leftist elements at play, the resistance was without question a defensive reaction to years of unpunished violence by white individuals and mobs. There was no grey area in all this, no “very fine people” on both sides. Yet only one major report, by Dr George Haynes, a black civil servant and academic, in October 1919, recognised this, noting lynching as a national problem and connecting it to the riots.
He wrote: “Persistence of unpunished lynchings of Negroes fosters lawlessness among white men imbued with the mob spirit and creates a spirit of bitterness among Negroes. In such a state of public mind, a trivial incident can precipitate a riot… Unchecked mob violence creates hatred and intolerance, making impossible free and dispassionate discussion, not only of race problems, but questions on which races and sections differ.”
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/493037-red-summer-race-riots/
soviet support black panther movement
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2017/10/russia-facebook-race/542796/
The risk of transmission is complicated by, and intertwined with, the urgent moral stakes: Systemic racism suffuses the United States. The mortality gap between black and white people persists. People born in zip codes mere miles from one another might have life-expectancy gaps of 10 or even 20 years. Two racial inequities meet in this week’s protests: one, a pandemic in which black people are dying at nearly twice their proportion of the population, according to racial data compiled by the COVID Tracking Project at The Atlantic; and two, antiblack police brutality, with its long American history and intensifying militarization. Floyd, 46, survived COVID-19 in April, but was killed under the knee of a police officer in May.
...
And yet, even though this health crisis reflects our nation’s political, social, and civic infrastructure, this plague has no consideration for morality. People partying in a pool may live while those protesting police brutality may die. People who assiduously followed the rules of social distancing may get sick, while those who flouted them happily toast their friends in a crowded bar. There is no righteous logic here. There is no justice in who can breathe easy and who can’t breathe at all.
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/world/america-is-giving-up-on-the-pandemic/ar-BB15awvc
https://www.afr.com/world/north-america/doubts-remain-over-true-scale-of-us-jobless-crisis-20200608-p550fy
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/world/uk-crowd-tears-down-statue-of-17th-century-slave-trader-edward-colston-throws-it-in-harbor/ar-BB15ad6Y
https://www.msn.com/en-au/entertainment/other/michael-b-jordan-urges-hollywood-to-commit-to-black-hiring-at-23blm-protest/ar-BB159s10
https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/us-protests-live-updates-white-house-surrounded-by-3km-barricade/live-coverage/290d657bce71036a06a262ea5a0fcaa8
German media covering US President Donald Trump’s response to the protests, rioting and violence stemming from the police killing of George Floyd have gone to cartoonish lengths to pin all the nation’s problems on Bad Orange Man.
Der Spiegel, never one to look too kindly on the president, nevertheless outdid itself with this week’s cover-story, depicting Trump at his desk holding a match while America burns outside his window. The title? “Der Feuerteufel,” which translates to ‘The Fire Devil’. Subtlety is not their strong suit.
Trump, the center-left outlet proclaims, is “fueling hatred to distract from [his] own failure” and deploying “questionable methods” to secure re-election.
Blaming the president for the rioting and destruction gripping dozens of American cities is nothing new – it’s certainly a ubiquitous narrative across US media. But should Trump beat the odds and snag another four-year term, Der Spiegel has completely painted itself into a narrative corner. What’s more evil than the devil, after all? Siamese twin devils? A devil walking another devil on a leash?
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/491072-german-media-trump-devil-riots/
“China hasn't engaged in a war with any foreign country for 32 years. But in the same period, how many wars have been launched by the US? From Panama and Haiti in Central America to Iraq and Afghanistan in Asia, to Somali in Africa, and to Kosovo in Europe, US troops have left bullet-holes.” the article reads.
https://www.rt.com/news/491131-pompeo-goebbels-china-nazi/
Republican Senator Mitt Romney has further distanced himself from the GOP by appearing at a Black Lives Matter protest - but while mainstream media celebrated the move, few on social media had forgotten his past transgressions.
The anti-Trump Utah congressman was spotted at a protest march in Washington DC on Sunday. Romney later tweeted a protest selfie with the caption “Black Lives Matter.”
An aide to the senator told the Washington Post Romney wasn’t intending to “publicize” his participation in the protest, having “spontaneously” joined the march after coming across a group of 1,000 to 1,500 evangelicals demonstrating near the Capitol. Romney told the outlet he was participating in the demonstration “to make sure that people understand that black lives matter.”
The failed 2012 presidential candidate has tweeted repeatedly in support of the protests that began on Memorial Day following the police killing of George Floyd in Minneapolis, diverging from the Republican rank and file, who have largely backed President Donald Trump’s calls for “law and order” and support for the police.
However, many on social media saw Romney’s participation in the march as a transparent publicity stunt, noting the politician’s history of backing the same racist policies that created the circumstances of Floyd’s death.
https://www.rt.com/usa/491147-romney-black-lives-march-hypocrisy/
"This country was created and built off the backs of black people. Once white people acknowledge that, there needs to be a reckoning."
African Americans have historically fallen behind other Americans when looking at health, education and wealth indicators.
Last year a study from New York University identified that residents in predominantly black suburbs of Chicago had a 30-year life expectancy gap compared to white residents in other parts of the city.
Throughout the 20th-century, Chicago was one of the worst-hit American cities from the practice of redlining, where financial services were denied to minority ethnic neighbourhoods, which subsequently fuelled urban decay in black suburbs.
Mr Rose said a "reckoning" with America's discriminatory history would involve funding for black education at the primary and higher levels, black-owned businesses, and housing.
"I want to be clear — we're not here talking about people of colour," Mr Rose said.
"We are here talking about the injustices that specifically have happened to black people on the lands and shores of the United States of America for the past 400 years."
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-04/kwame-rose-black-lives-matter-george-floyd-us-policing/12318618
civil rights movement
https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/civil-rights-movement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement
How divisive is politics in the United States I Inside Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ArAUkFQsWVI
https://csrr.rutgers.edu/
https://csrr.rutgers.edu/issues/color-of-religion/
https://csrr.rutgers.edu/issues/criminalizing-muslim-identity/
https://csrr.rutgers.edu/issues/transnational-rights-and-security/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Earl_Ray
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Martin_Luther_King_Jr.
displaced people
https://www.unhcr.org/en-au/internally-displaced-people.html
“What we are seeing in these figures is further confirmation of a longer-term rising trend in the number of people needing safety from war, conflict and persecution.”
Filippo Grandi
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
https://www.unhcr.org/globaltrends2018/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internally_displaced_person
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internal_colonialism
- I did some basic sampling. Not pretty? ~1/3 of Black American males in jail. Heaps lost due to drug and police shootings? Baltimore buildings now 60-70% sealed off since shooting of Martin Luther King Jnr in 1968. Police are scapegoats for society's ills such as inequality, injustice, government over reach, etc... Easier for black americans to go to jail then attend University/College in some suburbs? Michael Wood says that most of the time it feels like black people are setup to go to prison? Black people are valued less by society? They're considered "no hopers"? It's like they're never given a chance/place in society/life? That's why they're stuck? Last year 2K black people were shot, 1 victimper three hours. Church and religion offers sanctuary from madness of society for some people. Easier to get get a gun then a job for many black people. 30 people murdered everyday and many others shot. Black American kids are taught tips on how not to get shot via gun violence. Interconnectedness of society means that everyone loses out if there is a winner/loser mentality. Black American kids don't have anything to live for? Hence, they're callous and don't care about themselves and others? Some people shot for no reason? Chicago has created Safe Passage zones where kids can safely traverse without fear of gang violence. Chicago was once upon a place of opportunity. You can get high power guns from teenage Black American kids. Black American wealth is 1/10 of White people? Black Americans have tried incorporation (being nice) with white society but nothing has really changed? The US constitution says great things but a lot hasn't changed?
No Justice, No Peace - America's Uprising against Police Brutality and Racism _ Foreign Correspondent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kt_M3FAmg1Y
#BLM - How a Hashtag Sparked a new Movement Against Racism in the USA (2015) _ Foreign Correspondent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PnO8VFxIzI0
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1723376195749/black-lives-matter
https://blacklivesmatter.com/
https://blacklivesmatter.com/about/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killer_Mike
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Lives_Matter
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Trayvon_Martin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Tyrone_West
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther_King_Jr.
https://www.theguardian.com/profile/michael-a-wood--jr
https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/former-baltimore-police-officer-michael-a-wood-jr-publicly-blows-the-whistle-on-police-corruption-10346703.html
https://www.amazon.com/Michael-A.-Wood-Jr./e/B00736CYT4%3Fref=dbs_a_mng_rwt_scns_share
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cory_Booker
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marissa_Alexander_case
natasha stingley
marissa stingley
https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-2013-07-11-chi-mother-of-slain-teen-asks-what-happened-to-my-baby-20130710-story.html
https://news.wttw.com/2016/06/27/witness-cooperation-murder-cases-chronic-problem-chicago
https://www.thedailybeast.com/five-cops-held-down-tyjuan-hill-a-sixth-shot-him-in-the-back-of-the-head
https://abc7chicago.com/shooting-chicago-south-side-death/993538/
http://www.star-revue.com/the-monster-that-surrounds-you-tyjuan-hill-ronald-williams-and-the-76th-precinct/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Pfleger
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Lee
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spike_Lee_filmography
chicago safe passage zone
https://cps.edu/safepassage
https://blog.cps.edu/2018/08/30/safe-passage-how-it-works-the-impact-and-expansion/
https://home.chicagopolice.org/office-of-community-policing/programs/safe-passage-program/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timuel_Black
j.c. faulk community organiser
https://www.abc.net.au/foreign/black-lives-matter/7008618
http://www.takepart.com/article/2016/06/17/want-end-racism-start-with-conversation/
https://www.osibaltimore.org/fellow/jc-faulk/
https://www.vice.com/en_us/topic/black-lives-matter
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=black+lives+matter+vice
- ~77% white, ~13% black
demographic united states police
POLICE OFFICERS
https://datausa.io/profile/soc/333050
us congress demographic
Demographics
Most members of this Congress are Christian (88.2%), with approximately half being Protestant and 30.5% being Catholic. Jewish membership is 6.4%. Other religions represented include Buddhism, Islam, and Hinduism. One senator says that she is religiously unaffiliated, while the number of members refusing to specify their religious affiliation increased.[27][28][29]
Senate
The Senate includes 74 men and 26 women — the most women to date. In 6 states, both senators are women; 14 states are represented by 1 man and 1 woman; and 30 states are represented by 2 men. During the 116th Congress, Georgia had Johnny Isakson retire, and Kelly Loeffler was appointed. This increased the amount of women from 25 after the 2018 elections to 26. There are 91 non-Hispanic white, 4 Hispanic, 2 Black, 2 Asian, and 1 multiracial senators. Additionally, 2 senators identify as LGBTQ+.[1][30]
House of Representatives
There are 101 women in the House, the largest number in history.[31] There are 313 non-Hispanic whites, 56 black, 44 Hispanic, 15 Asian, and 4 Native American. Seven identify as LGBTQ+.[32] Two Democrats — Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez and Donna Shalala — are the youngest (30) and oldest (78) freshmen women in history.[33] Freshmen Rashida Tlaib (D-MI) and Ilhan Omar (DFL-MN) are the first two Muslim women and freshmen Sharice Davids (D-KS) and Deb Haaland (D-NM) are the first two female Native American members.[34]
With the election of Carolyn Maloney as the first woman to chair the House Oversight Committee,[35] women now chair a record six House committees in a single Congress (out of 26 women to ever chair House committees in the history of Congress), including representatives Maxine Waters (Financial Services), Nita Lowey (Appropriations), Zoe Lofgren (Administration), Eddie Bernice Johnson (Science, Space and Technology) and Nydia Velázquez (Small Business), as well as Kathy Castor who chairs the Select Committee on the Climate Crisis.[35] In addition, women chair a record 39 House subcommittees. Lowey and Kay Granger are also the first women to serve as chair and ranking member of the same committee in the same Congress since the defunct Select Committee on the House Beauty Shop, which was chaired and populated entirely by congresswomen during its existence from 1967 to 1977.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress#Demographics
homeless demographics united states
Race and ethnicity
Homeless tent city in Skid Row, Los Angeles. The 2019 count found 58,936 homeless people living in Los Angeles County.[197]
According to the 2010 SAMHSA report, Among all sheltered individuals over the course of a year (October 2009-September 2010):[192] Gender, Age, Race/Ethnicity
41.6% are White, Non-Hispanic
9.7% are White, Hispanic
37% are Black/African-American
4.5% are other single races;
7.2% are multiple races
According to the 2014 NCHWIH report:[196]
42% are African American (over-represented 3.23× compared to 13% of general population).
38% are Caucasian (under-represented 0.53× compared to 72% of general population).
20% are Hispanic (over-represented 1.25× compared to 16% of general population).
4% are Native American (over-represented 4× compared to 1% of general population).
2% are Asian-American (under-represented 0.4× compared to 5% of general population).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homelessness_in_the_United_States
oxford demographic
63.6% White British 1.6% White Irish 12.5% Other White 12.5% British Asian 4.0% Mixed Race 4.6% Black 1.4% Other
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford
harvard demographic
What is the racial makeup of Harvard University?
The enrolled student population at Harvard University, both undergraduate and graduate, is 41.8% White, 13.5% Asian, 8.19% Hispanic or Latino, 5.35% Black or African American, 3.79% Two or More Races, 0.174% American Indian or Alaska Native, and 0.119% Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islanders.
https://datausa.io/profile/university/harvard-university
ivy league demographic
The racial and ethnic makeup of the student body:
Asian-American: 19.1% Hispanic/Latino: 12.9% Native American: 2.5% White: 51.8%
https://www.thecollegemonk.com/blog/ivy-league-demographics
total black people in united states
2010 U.S Census[16]Table 1[17]
Self-identified race Percent of population
White 72.4%
Hispanic and Latino Americans (of any race) 16.3%
Black or African American 12.6%
Asian 4.8%
Native Americans and Alaska Natives 0.9%
Native Hawaiians and Other Pacific Islanders 0.2%
Two or more races 2.9%
Other 6.2%
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people make up about 3% of the total population in Australia, but they account for 29% of the total adult prisoner population in Australia and a shocking 58% of the juvenile detention population.
...
Police procedure, particularly the exercise of police discretion, must be reviewed by governments so that the law is applied without discrimination and the disproportionate rate of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander young people being charged rather than cautioned is a thing of the past. The same behaviour that is seen in a group of blond-haired, blue-eyed boys from comfortable beachside suburbs and might be forgiven as “larrikinism” is more often seen as criminal if it is observed in a group of Aboriginal boys in a bush town or the city streets.
Police mechanisms for handling complainants also need to be reviewed, so that when an Indigenous person raises issues of misconduct, their complaint is heard and acted on. This may need to be done through an independent body.
The minister for Indigenous Australians, Ken Wyatt, is right when he says the justice problem cannot be solved with law reform alone.
But when you consider how fundamentally disruptive incarceration is to an individual and their family – and when you consider how readily legal remedies could be implemented – surely law reform is an excellent place to start.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/jun/16/what-will-it-take-for-governments-to-recognise-australias-justice-gap-is-a-national-tragedy
demographic united states doctors
Among active physicians, 56.2% identified as White, 17.1% identified as Asian, 5.8% identified as Hispanic, and 5.0% identified as Black or African American.
https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/figure-18-percentage-all-active-physicians-race/ethnicity-2018
doctor demographic
Race & Ethnicity
MOST COMMON RACE OR ETHNICITY OF PHYSICIANS & SURGEONS
White (Non-Hispanic)
Asian (Non-Hispanic)
Black (Non-Hispanic)
64.8% of Physicians & surgeons are White (Non-Hispanic), making that the most common race or ethnicity in the occupation. Representing 21% of Physicians & surgeons, Asian (Non-Hispanic) is the second most common race or ethnicity in this occupation. This chart shows the racial and ethnic breakdown of Physicians & surgeons.
https://datausa.io/profile/soc/physicians-surgeons
https://www.aamc.org/data-reports/workforce/interactive-data/figure-18-percentage-all-active-physicians-race/ethnicity-2018
smartest black people
https://thebestschools.org/features/black-scholars-you-should-know/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence
https://www.biography.com/people/groups/black-scientists
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_intelligence#Brain_size
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_human_intelligence
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Race_and_crime_in_the_United_States
https://boston.cbslocal.com/2020/06/10/frugal-bookstore-roxbury-business-boom-black-literature/
https://frugalbookstore.net/collections/all
https://frugalbookstore.net/
Keiser Report _ Cantillon Monopoly _ E1555
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fDbz9D7QYec
- I've been tracking racial, political ideas, and it's as though they've existed and continued for much of modern human history. Some sources of hatred are bizarre while others are pretty funny? It's incredible how far people have been willing to push these ideas upon others?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/hate-thy-neighbour
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/875662915873/hate-thy-neighbour-forbidden-love-in-israel
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/880664643792/hate-thy-neighbour-hunting-the-white-devil
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/885314627535/hate-thy-neighbour-football-fascists-and-the-frontline
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/890627139604/hate-thy-neighbour-americas-far-white
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/896175683863/britains-everyday-extremism
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/896175683879/swedens-far-right-youth
----
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1190601283691/hate-thy-neighbour-border-vigilantes
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1196518979669/hate-thy-neighbour-black-rebel
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1201647171601/hate-thy-neighbour-pro-lifers
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1196518979674/hate-thy-neighbour-prison-camp-for-kids
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1213134403779/hate-thy-neighbour-united-states-of-oil-and-gas
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1225175619924/hate-thy-neighbour-love-and-hate-in-the-deep-south
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1223463491800/hate-thy-neighbour-sovereign-citizens
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1223461955775/hate-thy-neighbour-feminism-101
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1228358211572/hate-thy-neighbour-the-fight-over-free-speech
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1228358211574/hate-thy-neighbour-the-white-house-preacher
- I always thought that countries had more freedom to do what they wanted but it's obvious that they don't? Spies and foreign military bases are used to watch over existing areas of control and also watch out for potential threats? Obviously, where this presence is undesired it can lead to long term antipathy, hate, etc? In the past, colonial powers had more direct control in the form of administrators over their territories but then they moved to indirect rule via local puppet politicians which leads us to election rigging and manipulation now?
empire files youtube
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=empire+files
Empire Files
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG29FnXZm4F5U8xpqs1cs1Q/videos
The Empire Files with Abby Martin
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNAlnQ4hvLtTAJcIEcfvfHbMv2omP_rHC
https://www.youtube.com/user/telesurenglish/playlists
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+world+today+tariq+ali
The World Today with Tariq Ali
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2jL6qpuYAcQKCjRrmGDD2rVE0szr_qVE
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=on+contact+rt
On Contact with Chris Hedges
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLagVUKF7CUTRiG64CklL1AN0mbmNaETfp
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
Morrison, who sports an Australian flag as his lapel pin, appears not to have noticed the fact that man supposed to be the chief diplomat of the US was threatening a state premier, in this case Daniel Andrews of Victoria.
The fact that Andrews has signed up to the Chinese initiative has not found favour with Morrison. But surely that is an internal matter for Australia?
Pompeo was condescending in the extreme in his remarks, even saying, "I suppose Victoria has some rights", something for which all Australians should be immensely grateful.
America's main spy station is in Pine Gap, on sovereign Australian land. Is this the country from which Pompeo wished to "disconnect"?
A new base for US marines is expected to be built in Darwin soon, to add to the 800-odd that the US maintains in countries around the world. Is Pompeo aware of this?
Pompeo may have been buoyed that a day earlier, on Saturday, reports said the UK had changed its stance on deploying equipment from Chinese vendor Huawei Technologies for its 5G networks. The US has been campaigning for years now to force other countries not to use Huawei gear.
Washington has also announced steps to try and prevent Huawei from obtaining the semiconductors it needs for manufacturing its 5G base stations and also its smartphones.
But nothing of this excuses Pompeo from behaving like a bull in a china shop. It does not surprise one that, after instances like this, other countries refer to Australia as America's poodle or deputy sheriff in the Pacific. If Morrison does not have the guts to ask ignorant American officials to keep their heads out of the internal affairs of the country he supposedly leads, then he cannot blame those who apply such terminology to Australia.
Morrison has plenty of guts when it comes to name-calling with other countries. But he is like a beached whale when it comes to the US. Shame!
https://www.itwire.com/open-sauce/why-does-morrison-stand-by-and-let-the-us-interfere-in-australia-s-affairs.html
Secret letters written in 1975 by the Queen and her man in Canberra, Sir John Kerr, can now be released by the National Archives - if the Australian establishment allows it. On November 11, 1975, Kerr infamously sacked the reformist government of prime minister Gough Whitlam, and delivered Australia into the hands of the United States.
Today, Australia is a vassal state bar none: its politics, intelligence agencies, military and much of its media are integrated into Washington's "sphere of dominance" and war plans. In Donald Trump's current provocations of China, the US bases in Australia are described as the "tip of the spear".
There is an historical amnesia among Australia's polite society about the catastrophic events of 1975. An Anglo-American coup overthrew a democratically elected ally in a demeaning scandal in which sections of the Australian elite colluded. This is largely unmentionable. The stamina and achievement of the Australian historian Jenny Hocking in forcing the High Court's decision are exceptional.
...
The Americans worked closely with the British. In 1975, Whitlam discovered that MI6 was operating against his government. "The Brits were actually decoding secret messages coming into my foreign affairs office," he said later. One of his ministers, Clyde Cameron, told me, "We knew MI6 was bugging Cabinet meetings for the Americans."
Senior CIA officers later revealed that the "Whitlam problem" had been discussed "with urgency" by the CIA's director, William Colby, and the head of MI6, Sir Maurice Oldfield. A deputy director of the CIA said: "Kerr did what he was told to do."
On November 10, 1975, Whitlam was shown a top secret telex message sourced to Theodore Shackley, the notorious head of the CIA's East Asia Division, who had helped run the coup against Salvador Allende in Chile two years earlier. Shackley's message was read to Whitlam. It said that the prime minister of Australia was a security risk in his own country. Brian Toohey, editor of the National Times, disclosed that it carried the authority of Henry Kissinger, destroyer of Chile and Cambodia.
Having removed the heads of both Australian intelligence agencies, ASIO and ASIS, Whitlam was now moving against the CIA. He called for a list of all "declared" CIA officers in Australia.
The day before the Shackley cabled arrived on November 10, 1975, Sir John Kerr visited the headquarters of the Defence Signals Directorate, Australia's NSA, where he was secretly briefed on the "security crisis". It was during that weekend, according to a CIA source, that the CIA's "demands" were passed to Kerr via the British.
On November 11, 1975 - the day Whitlam was to inform Parliament about the secret CIA presence in Australia - he was summoned by Kerr. Invoking archaic vice-regal "reserve powers" invested in him by the British monarch, Kerr sacked the democratically elected prime minister.
The "Whitlam problem" was solved. Australian politics never recovered, nor the nation its true independence.
The destruction of Salvador Allende's government in Chile four years earlier, and of scores of other governments that have questioned the divine right of American might and violence since 1945, was replicated in the most loyal of American allies, often described as "the lucky country". Only the form of the crushing of democracy in Australia in 1975 differed, along with its enduring cover up.
Imagine a Whitlam today standing up to Trump and Pompeo. Imagine the same courage and principled defiance. Well, it happened.
http://www.srilankaguardian.org/2020/06/the-cia-coup-against-friend.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gough_Whitlam
vassal state
A vassal state is any state that has a mutual obligation to a superior state or empire, in a status similar to that of a vassal in the feudal system in medieval Europe. The obligations often included military support in exchange for certain privileges. In some cases, the obligation included paying tribute, but a state which does so is better described as a tributary state. Today, more common terms are puppet state, protectorate, client state, associated state or satellite state.
history of espionage
Efforts to use espionage for military advantage are well documented throughout history. Sun Tzu, a theorist in ancient China who influenced Asian military thinking, still has an audience in the 21st century for the Art of War. He advised, "One who knows the enemy and knows himself will not be endangered in a hundred engagements."[5] He stressed the need to understand yourself and your enemy for military intelligence. He identified different spy roles. In modern terms they included the secret informant or agent in place, (who provides copies of enemy secrets), the penetration agent who has access to the enemy's commanders, and the disinformation agent who feeds a mix of true and false details to point the enemy in the wrong direction, to confuse the enemy). He considered the need for systematic organization, and noted the roles of counterintelligence, double agents (recruited from the ranks of enemy spies) and psychological warfare. Sun Tzu continued to influence Chinese espionage theory in the 21st century with its emphasis on using information to design active subversion.[6]
Chanakya (also called Kautilya) wrote his Arthashastra in India in the 4th century BC. It was a 'Textbook of Statecraft and Political Economy' that provides a detailed account of intelligence collection, processing, consumption, and covert operations, as indispensable means for maintaining and expanding the security and power of the state.[7]
Ancient Egypt had a thoroughly developed system for the acquisition of intelligence. The Hebrews used spies as well, as in the story of Rahab. Thanks to the Bible (Joshua 2:1–24) we have in this story of the spies sent by Hebrews to Jericho before attacking the city one of the earliest detailed report of a very sophisticated intelligence operation[8]
Spies were also prevalent in the Greek and Roman empires.[9] During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe. Feudal Japan often used shinobi to gather intelligence.
A significant milestone was the establishment of an effective intelligence service under King David IV of Georgia at the beginning of 12th century or possibly even earlier. Called mstovaris, these organized spies performed crucial tasks, like uncovering feudal conspiracies, conducting counter-intelligence against enemy spies, and infiltrating key locations, e.g. castles, fortresses and palaces.[10]
Aztecs used Pochtecas, people in charge of commerce, as spies and diplomats, and had diplomatic immunity. Along with the pochteca, before a battle or war, secret agents, quimitchin, were sent to spy amongst enemies usually wearing the local costume and speaking the local language, techniques similar to modern secret agents.[11]
...
American Revolution, 1775–1783
During the American Revolution, 1775–1783, American General George Washington developed a successful espionage system to detect British locations and plans. In 1778, he ordered Major Benjamin Tallmadge to form the Culper Ring to collect information about the British in New York.[26] Washington was usually mindful of treachery, but he ignored incidents of disloyalty by Benedict Arnold, his most trusted general. Arnold tried to betray West Point to the British Army, but was discovered and barely managed to escape.[27] The British intelligence system was weak; it completely missed the movement of the entire American and French armies from the Northeast to Yorktown, Virginia, where they captured the British invasion army in 1781 and won independence.[28] Washington has been called "Americas First Spymaster".[29]
French Revolution and Napoleonic wars, (1793–1815)
Britain, almost continuously at war with France (1793–1815), built a wide network of agents and funded local elements trying to overthrow governments hostile to Britain.[30][31] It paid special attention to threats of an invasion of the home islands, and to a possible uprising in Ireland.[32] Britain in 1794 appointed William Wickham as Superintendent of Aliens in charge of espionage and the new secret service. He strengthened the British intelligence system by emphasizing the centrality of the intelligence cycle – query, collection, collation, analysis and dissemination – and the need for an all-source centre of intelligence.[33][34]
Napoleon made heavy use of agents, especially regarding Russia. Besides espionage, they recruited soldiers, collected money, enforced the Continental System against imports from Britain, propagandized, policed border entry into France through passports, and protected the estates of the Napoleonic nobility. His senior men coordinated the policies of satellite countries.[35]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_espionage
NYT & OAS Were Wrong About Voter Fraud In Bolivia (TMBS 143)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cE5kgkgYtvU
Why Capitalists Understand Capitalism But Intellectuals Don’t ft. Vivek Chibber (TMBS 143)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KgwTIJCkhrc
The World Today - JAPAN - A SELF­GOVERNING COLONY
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tNt8Vg9XaL8
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic_Party_of_Japan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberal_Democratic_Party_(Japan)
You always wanted me to stop asking you publicly to pay your NATO obligations and calling for an end to Nord Stream 2. But these are US policies. And I work for the American people. https://t.co/AK240eMM3H
— Richard Grenell (@RichardGrenell) May 25, 2020
A Trump appointee, Grenell has had quite a thorny relationship with Germany from the beginning of his tenure. The ambassador has repeatedly volunteered unsolicited ‘advice’ to Berlin on a range of policy issues, be it Germany’s trade with Iran, relations with Russia or insufficient contribution to the NATO budget. That’s not to mention numerous other controversies and blunders he's embroiled himself in, such as openly calling to “empower Europe’s conservatives.”
https://www.rt.com/news/489735-us-ambassador-germany-hostile-power/
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/489787-australia-us-china-relations/
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=sin+eater+bourne
The Bourne Legacy Movie CLIP - Sin Eater (2012) Jeremy Renner Movie HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X8JNGaGYlfE
- there are many reasons for the presense of foreign military bases. Power projection, protection of interests (most commercial/eocnomic), intelligence collection, distrust, security co-operation (if the country in question can't defend itself it may choose to ask for help from others), etc... Despite many countries having policies which state they will not have foreign bases on their territory this doesn't always work in practice?
Should Khalifa Haftar's foreign backers rethink their support I Inside Story
The US military presence in Germany is a legacy of the post-WWII Allied occupation, which lasted from 1945 to 1955. During this time, millions of US, British, French and Soviet troops were stationed in Germany.
The northeastern part of the country, which officially became East Germany in October 1949, fell under Soviet control. 
In West Germany, the occupation was regulated by the Occupation Statute, signed in April 1949, when the country was founded. The statute allowed France, the UK and the US to keep occupational forces in the country and maintain complete control over West Germany's disarmament and demilitarization.
When the military occupation of West Germany officially ended, the country regained control of its own defense policy. However, the Occupation Statute was succeeded by another agreement with its NATO partners. This deal, known as the Convention on the Presence of Foreign Forces in the Federal Republic of Germany, was signed in 1954 by West Germany. It allowed eight NATO members, including the US, to have a permanent military presence in Germany. The treaty still regulates the terms and conditions of the NATO troops stationed in Germany today.
The number of US military personnel has been declining ever since the end of the Cold War in 1990, when, according to the German government, there were an estimated 400,000 foreign troops stationed on German soil. Roughly half of these were US military personnel, but they were gradually withdrawn as tensions with what was left of the Soviet Union eased, and conflicts elsewhere, such as the first Gulf War in Iraq, drew more US military away.
iraq reject remove us base
iraq remove us base
In December 2019, Iraq and the United States began discussing the partial withdrawal of American military forces from Iraq. In January 2020, following an escalation of tensions between the United States and Iran, the Iraqi Council of Representatives passed a non-binding measure to expel all foreign troops from their country, including American and Iranian troops. Following the vote, U.S. President Donald Trump initially refused to withdraw from Iraq.
In March 2020, the American-led coalition began the transfer of bases back to Iraqi security forces, citing developments in the multi-year mission against the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL). As of April 4, 2020, four bases have been transferred. The base transfers and withdrawal were accelerated due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraq and the threat of Iranian proxies.
united states reject removal base
The Philippine Senate voted today to reject a new treaty for the Subic Bay Naval Station and to end an American military presence in the country that has lasted nearly a century. But President Corazon C. Aquino effectively extended the American lease by calling for a national referendum on the base's future.
In a vote of 12 to 11, the Senate adopted a motion to spurn the new treaty, which would allow thousands of American troops to remain at the base for another 10 years. The current treaty on Subic Bay, the largest American military installation in the Philippines, expires today. "The treaty is defeated," the Senate President, Jovito R. Salonga, announced in a solemn tone after the vote was taken this morning in a show of hands. The decision was greeted with applause and tears in the chamber. 
Anger Over Compensation
The 11 senators who voted in favor of the new treaty were 5 short of the two-thirds majority needed for ratification. The vote reflected a view among many senators that the compensation package offered by the United States was too small and, more broadly, that it was time to end an American military presence that began when the United States acquired the Philippines by winning the Spanish-American war.
In voting to spurn the new treaty, Senator Agapito Aquino, brother-in-law of the President and younger brother of her slain husband, Benigno S. Aquino, described the decision as "the dawn of our nation's birth." Ending an 'Adolescence'
"It is a vote for a truly sovereign and independent Philippine nation," he told colleagues in a speech on the Senate floor. "It is a vote to end a political adolescence tied to the purse strings of America -- a crippling dependence."
philippines us base
us military base ecuador
Ecuador’s constitution, adopted in 2008, prohibits the installation of foreign military bases in the country.
President Jamil Mahuad, who ran the country from 1998 to 2000, granted the U.S. military rent-free use of the Eloy Alfaro Military Base in Manta for a ten-year period starting in 1999. The Forward Operating Location (FOL) mission also used P-3 Orion surveillance planes to surveil trafficking vessels.
According to Ramos, however, this is not what actually occurred.
“The presence of FOL in Manta resulted in maritime interception operations, which led to the sinking of more than forty Ecuadorian fishing or commercial vessels,” and the death of Ecuadorian citizens, Ramos says.
A committee of the country’s legislature was convened to investigate the mission’s involvement in possible human rights violations, including illegal extraditions.
The Ecuadorian government under Correa was also concerned that U.S. officials working through institutions such as the FOL could be influencing the leadership in Ecuador’s military and police.
These fears were confirmed when cables released by Wikileaks showed then-U.S. Ambassador Heather Hodges, detailing the diplomatic corps “strategy to remain engaged with the Ecuadorian military” through cooperation agreements with the police. In the communication, Hodges points to training programs as crucial to developing relationships that could be used to exert pressure on Ecuador’s government.
Moreover, an investigation by the truth commission looking into Colombia’s bombing of a FARC camp in Ecuador also found that the Manta base had been used to provide logistical support for the bombing—something that would have fallen well outside of the purview of the FOL.
Even the success of the mission in achieving its own mandate has been questioned.
“(The FOL) did not succeed in its fight against drugs, since statistics showed that the National Police seized more drugs than the Manta FOL in that period,” Ramos said. The seizing of one ton of drugs in the Manta military base just days after the U.S. flights resumed, brought the past record of the U.S.-led operation into focus.
Beijing views Djibouti as its gateway to the African continent.
Djibouti also hosts military bases belonging to France, Italy and Japan.
Interestingly, China does not refer to its Djibouti base as a "military base" – instead preferring to use phrases as "support facilities" or "logistical facilities."
“So far China's military involvement in the Horn of Africa has mainly consisted of anti-piracy missions, but it is believed it could support other key missions including intelligence collection, non-combat evacuation operations, peacekeeping operations support and counterterrorism,” Suciu wrote.
Under China's "One Belt, One Road" global infrastructure program, Djibouti is part of a group of military facilities that may eventually include bases in the Maldives and Tanzania.
"Djibouti is only the first step in what is likely to become a network of Chinese bases across the Indian Ocean," said David Brewster, a senior research fellow with the National Security College at the Australian National University, in 2018.
- the military aide issue is very strange if you haven't been involved in this area. With the US, USSR, Russia they seem to give away weapons or give you aide so that you can buy weapons off of them. There are obvious catches. If you buy weapons you may not be provided with ammunition, training, upgrades, technology transfer, etc... and this is obviously where most of the profit comes from (it reminds of many cheap printers. The ink costs more then the printer itself). This applies to all arms sales and not just guns
us military aide explanation
Even without Trump’s proposed cuts, US fails to lead
As Congress decides whether to follow Trump’s lead by slashing foreign aid spending, lawmakers should take into account the fact that U.S. taxpayers already spend far less than our global peers on foreign aid.
Even without these prospective cuts, other countries, including Canada, the United Kingdom and Germany, are paying far more on economic assistance for the world’s poorest people as a share of their economy than we do. Slashing foreign aid would damage U.S. credibility with our allies, reduce U.S. influence around the globe and – a group of more than 120 retired generals and admirals predict – make Americans less safe.
- the issue of using better values as a reason to force others to do your bidding or even exterminate them is quite common throughout history. Average is around 80-90% of indigenous population wiped out using violence globally, disease/possibly even primitive bio-weapons (accidental?), etc... in many parts of the world
The mission civilisatrice (in English "civilising mission") was a rationale for intervention or colonization, purporting to contribute to the spread of civilization, and used mostly in relation to the Westernization of indigenous peoples in the 15th – 20th centuries.
It was notably the underlying principle of French[citation needed] and Portuguese[citation needed] colonial rule in the late 15th to mid 20th century. It was influential in the French colonies of Algeria, French West Africa, and Indochina, and in the Portuguese colonies of Angola, Guinea, Mozambique, and Timor. Similar ideas were widespread also in England,[1] Germany,[2][3] the United States and many other countries. The colonial powers felt it was their duty to bring Western civilization to what they perceived as backward peoples. Rather than merely govern colonial peoples, the colonisers would attempt to Westernize them in accordance with a colonial ideology known as "assimilation".
The White Man's Burden: The United States and the Philippine Islands (1899), by Rudyard Kipling, is a poem about the Philippine–American War (1899–1902), which exhorts the United States to assume colonial control of the Filipino people and their country.[1]
Kipling originally wrote the poem to celebrate the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Victoria (22 June 1897), but it was replaced with the sombre poem "Recessional" (1897), also a Kipling work about empire. He rewrote "The White Man's Burden" to encourage American colonisation and annexation of the Philippine Islands, a Pacific Ocean archipelago conquered in the three-month Spanish–American War (1898).[1] As a poet of imperialism, Kipling exhorts the American reader and listener to take up the enterprise of empire, yet warns about the personal costs faced, endured, and paid in building an empire;[1] nonetheless, American imperialists understood the phrase The white man's burden to justify imperial conquest as a mission-of-civilisation that is ideologically related to the continental-expansion philosophy of Manifest Destiny of the early 19th century.[2][3][4][5]
The title, the subject, and the themes of "The White Man's Burden" provoke accusations of advocacy of the Eurocentric racism inherent to the idea that, by way of industrialisation, the Western world delivers civilisation to the non-white peoples of the world.[6][7][8]
...
He quotes, inter alia, stanzas 1, 4, and 5 of "The White Man's Burden", noting:
Those [Filipino] peoples are not suited to our institutions. They are not ready for liberty as we understand it. They do not want it. Why are we bent on forcing upon them a civilization not suited to them and which only means in their view degradation and a loss of self-respect, which is worse than the loss of life itself?[11]
Senator Tillman's eloquence was unpersuasive, and the US Congress ratified the Treaty of Paris on 11 February 1899, which ended the Spanish–American War. After paying a post-war indemnification of twenty million dollars to the Kingdom of Spain, on 11 April 1899, the US established geopolitical hegemony upon islands and peoples in two oceans and in two hemispheres: the Philippine Islands and Guam in the Pacific Ocean,[12][9] Cuba and Puerto Rico in the Atlantic Ocean.[13]
...
In "The Poor Man's Burden" (1899), Dr. Howard S. Taylor addresses the negative psycho-social effects of the imperialist ethos upon the working-class people of an empire.[33][34] In the social perspective of "The Real White Man's Burden" (1902), the reformer Ernest Crosby addresses the moral degradation (coarsening of affect) consequent to the practice of imperialism;[35] and in "The Black Man's Burden" (1903), the British journalist E. D. Morel reported the Belgian imperial atrocities in the Congo Free State, which was an African personal property of King Leopold II of Belgium.[36]
In the historical survey of The Black Man's Burden: The White Man in Africa, from the Fifteenth Century to World War I (1920), E. D. Morel's critique of imperial-colony power relations identifies an established cultural hegemony that determines the weight of the black man's burden and the weight of the white man's burden in their building a colonial empire.[37][38] The philosophic perspective of "The Black Man's Burden [A Reply to Rudyard Kipling]" (1920), by the social critic Hubert Harrison, describes moral degradation as a consequence of being a colonized coloured man and of being a white colonizer.[39][39] Moreover, since the late 20th-century contexts of post-imperial decolonisation and of the developing world, the phrase "The white man's burden" communicates the false good-intentions of Western neo-colonialism for the non-white world: civilisation by colonial domination.[29][40]
Of an estimated population in 1788 of over half a million, fewer than 50,000 Australian Aborigines survived by 1900. Most perished from introduced diseases, but possibly 20,000 Aborigines were killed by British troops, police, and settlers in warfare and massacres accompanying their dispossession.[156] Ben Kiernan, an Australian historian of genocide, treats the Australian evidence over the first century of colonization as an example of genocide in his 2007 history of the concept and practice, Blood and soil: a world history of genocide and extermination from Sparta to Darfur.[157] The Australian practice of removing the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent from their families, has been described as genocidal.[158][159] The 1997 report "Bringing them Home" concluded that the forced separation of Aboriginal children from their family constituted an act of genocide. [160] In the 1990s a number of Australian state institutions, including the state of Queensland, apologized for its policies regarding forcible separation of aboriginal children.[161] Another allegation against the Australian state is the use of medical services to Aboriginals to administer contraceptive therapy to aboriginal women without their knowledge or consent, including the use of Depo Provera, as well as tubal ligations. Both forced adoption and forced contraception would fall under the provisions of the UN genocide convention.[162] Some Australian scholars, including historian Geoffrey Blainey, political scientist Ken Minogue and prominently professor Keith Windschuttle, reject the view that Australian aboriginal policy was genocidal.[163]
Famines in British India
Late Victorian Holocausts: El Niño Famines and the Making of the Third World is a book by Mike Davis about the connection between political economy and global climate patterns, particularly El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). By comparing ENSO episodes in different time periods and across countries, Davis explores the impact of colonialism and the introduction of capitalism, and the relation with famine in particular. Davis argues that "Millions died, not outside the 'modern world system', but in the very process of being forcibly incorporated into its economic and political structures. They died in the golden age of Liberal Capitalism; indeed, many were murdered ... by the theological application of the sacred principles of Smith, Bentham and Mill."[164]
Putin on ideology - difference between Americans and Russians
lives lost through colonisation
The overseas expansion under the Crown of Castile was initiated under the royal authority and first accomplished by the Spanish conquistadors. The Americas were invaded and incorporated into the Spanish Empire, with the exception of Brazil, Canada, the north-eastern United States and several other small countries in South America and The Caribbean. The crown created civil and religious structures to administer the region. The motivations for colonial expansion were trade and the spread of the Catholic faith through indigenous conversions.
Beginning with the 1492 arrival of Christopher Columbus in the Caribbean and continuing control of vast territory for over three centuries, the Spanish Empire would expand across the Caribbean Islands, half of South America, most of Central America and much of North America (including present day Mexico, Florida and the Southwestern and Pacific Coastal regions of the United States). It is estimated that during the colonial period (1492–1832), a total of 1.86 million Spaniards settled in the Americas and a further 3.5 million immigrated during the post-colonial era (1850–1950); the estimate is 250,000 in the 16th century, and most during the 18th century as immigration was encouraged by the new Bourbon Dynasty. In contrast, the indigenous population plummeted by an estimated 80% in the first century and a half following Columbus's voyages, primarily through the spread of Afro-Eurasian diseases.[1] This has been argued to be the first large-scale act of genocide in the modern era,[2] although this claim is disputed due to the introduction of disease, which is considered a byproduct of the Columbian exchange. Racial mixing was a central process in the Spanish colonization of the Americas, and ultimately led to the Latin American identity, which combines African, Hispanic, and Native American cultures.
Spain enjoyed a cultural golden age in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries when silver and gold from American mines increasingly financed a long series of European and North African wars. In the early 19th century, the Spanish American wars of independence resulted in the secession and subsequent balkanization of most Spanish territories in the Americas, except for Cuba and Puerto Rico, which were finally given up in 1898, following the Spanish–American War, together with Guam and the Philippines in the Pacific. Spain's loss of these last territories politically ended the Spanish rule in the Americas.
smallpox bioweapon colonial era
But Kelton cautions against focusing too much on the smallpox blanket incident as a documented method of attack against Native Americans. He says the tactic, however callous and brutal, is only a small part of a larger story of brutality in the 1600s and 1700s. During this period British forces tried to drive out Native Americans by cutting down their corn and burning their homes, turning them into refugees. In Kelton’s view, that rendered them far more vulnerable to the ravages of disease than a pile of infected blankets.
Of course, the Aztecs were not the only indigenous people to suffer from the introduction of European diseases. In addition to North America’s Native American populations, the Mayan and Incan civilizations were also nearly wiped out by smallpox. And other European diseases, such as measles and mumps, also took substantial tolls – altogether reducing some indigenous populations in the new world by 90 percent or more. Recent investigations have suggested that other infectious agents, such as Salmonella – known for causing contemporary outbreaks among pet owners – may have caused additional epidemics.
The ability of smallpox to incapacitate and decimate populations made it an attractive agent for biological warfare. In the 18th century, the British tried to infect Native American populations. One commander wrote, “We gave them two blankets and a handkerchief out of the smallpox hospital. I hope it will have the desired effect.” During World War II, British, American, Japanese and Soviet teams all investigated the possibility of producing a smallpox biological weapon.
In April 1789, a sudden, unusual, epidemic of smallpox was reported amongst the Port Jackson Aboriginal tribes who were actively resisting settlers from the First Fleet.  This outbreak may have killed over 90 per cent of nearby native families and maybe three quarters or half of those between the Hawkesbury River and Port Hacking.  It also killed an unknown number at Jervis Bay and west of the Blue Mountains.
The fatality rate for flat or late hemorrhagic type smallpox is 90 percent or greater and nearly 100 percent is observed in cases of early hemorrhagic smallpox. The case-fatality rate for variola minor is 1 percent or less.
...
In 1796, the British doctor Edward Jenner demonstrated that an infection with the relatively mild cowpox virus conferred immunity against the deadly smallpox virus. Cowpox served as a natural vaccine until the modern smallpox vaccine emerged in the 19th century.
The native population succumbed to disease brought by the Europeans (particularly smallpox), declining from 300,000 in the 1770s to over 60,000 in the 1850s to 24,000 in 1920.[5] Americans within the kingdom government rewrote the constitution, severely curtailing the power of King "David" Kalākaua, and disenfranchising the rights of most Native Hawaiians and Asian citizens to vote, through excessively high property and income requirements. This gave a sizeable advantage to plantation owners. Queen Liliuokalani attempted to restore royal powers in 1893 but was placed under house arrest by businessmen with help from the US military. Against the Queen's wishes, the Republic of Hawaii was formed for a short time. This government agreed on behalf of Hawaii to join the US in 1898 as the Territory of Hawaii. In 1959, the islands became the state of Hawaii of the United States.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Philippines#Philippine%E2%80%93American_War
- if an individual, country, or region is wealthy or large it's most often come at massive cost in terms of lives?
CrossTalk Bullhorns _ QUARANTINE EDITION _ Putin's Words
TODAY IN HISTORY: The reason why New Zealand wasn't colonised by the French
ON THIS DAY IN HISTORY: French explorer Marion Du Fresne and 26 of his crewmen were killed and reportedly eaten by Maori warriors on June 12, 1772.
https://www.9news.com.au/world/on-this-day-in-history-new-pictures-gallery-famous-historical-images-crime-sport-celebrity/d59a6c6a-dfce-427e-8e76-faa7226efd0b
timeline of wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_wars
https://www.britannica.com/topic/list-of-wars-2031197
wars by death toll
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_by_death_toll
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars_and_anthropogenic_disasters_by_death_toll
how did russia get so big
https://voxeu.org/content/why-russia-politically-and-militarily-strong-while-being-economic-dwarf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_China
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three_Kingdoms
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Three_Kingdoms_period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_measures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunboat_diplomacy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonization
economic history of world
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/2000-years-economic-history-one-chart/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_world
https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2012/06/the-economic-history-of-the-last-2-000-years-in-1-little-graph/258676/
global gdp 300bc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_history_of_the_world
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:1_AD_to_2003_AD_percent_GDP_contribution_of_India_to_world_GDP_with_history.png
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_imperialism_in_Asia
chinese gdp opium wars
https://www.citeco.fr/10000-years-history-economics/industrial-revolutions/first-opium-war-between-china-and-the-united-kingdom
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/07/are-we-now-ussr-brexit-and-more.html
Yes, the war was incredibly controversial in its own time, far more so than I expected when I started my research. For the proponents, it was a matter of framing. They denied any connection to opium and argued that the war was entirely about defending Britain’s national honor and protecting their countrymen from alleged atrocities in China. But the involvement of opium was inescapable — thus the name “Opium War,” as the London Times and other papers called it. To many people in Britain the notion of going to war to advance the interests of drug dealers, against a country that had always been friendly to Britain, was abhorrent. As William Gladstone wrote in his diary at the time, “I am in dread of the judgments of God upon England for our national iniquity towards China.”
The collision between those two sides came to a head in the spring of 1840 with a huge debate in the House of Commons over a motion to stop the war by forcing the resignation of the ministers who started it. After three full nights of debate, with impassioned speeches that in some cases went on for hours, the motion failed by a razor’s margin.
https://www.nytimes.com/2018/07/03/world/asia/opium-war-book-china-britain.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/27/us/politics/china-opium-wars-trade-talks.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opium_Wars
global gdp share history
The 19th century appears to be the key juncture when China and India declined and the West rose. Imperialism appears to be the most obvious answer given that before China was 'opened' in 1842 in the first Opium war, it had its greatest share of world wealth. Within a century of these interventions China went from 32% of the world's GDP to just under 5%.
In the graphic below, the area for each country represents the share of the world's wealth. The rise in the share of wealth by the US and Europe is of similar proportion to the decline in wealth of India and China. The total area shown represents the amount of wealth that the seven selected countries have collectively. Note the decline of collective wealth in the last century as the rest of the world has begun to take a greater share of the global economy.
https://infogram.com/share-of-world-gdp-throughout-history-1gjk92e6yjwqm16
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_largest_historical_GDP
https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth
https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-gdp-over-the-last-two-millennia
https://www.visualcapitalist.com/2000-years-economic-history-one-chart/
africa gdp over time
The Economic Decline in Africa
"One half of the African continent lives below the poverty line. In sub-Saharan Africa, per capita GDP is now less than it was in 1974, having declined over 11 percent."
While the rest of the world's economy grew at an annual rate of close to 2 percent from 1960 to 2002, growth performance in Africa has been dismal. From 1974 through the mid-1990s, growth was negative, reaching negative 1.5 percent in 1990-4. As a consequence, hundreds of millions of African citizens have become poor: one half of the African continent lives below the poverty line. In sub-Saharan Africa, per capita GDP is now less than it was in 1974, having declined over 11 percent. In 1970, one in ten poor citizens in the world lived in Africa; by 2000, the number was closer to one in two. That trend translates into 360 million poor Africans in 2000, compared to 140 million in 1975.
https://www.nber.org/digest/jan04/w9865.html
https://ourworldindata.org/economic-growth
war deaths by country
DEATHS BY COUNTRY
Country Military Deaths Total Civilian and Military Deaths
Albania 30,000 30,200
Australia 39,800 40,500
Austria 261,000 384,700
Belgium 12,100 86,100
Brazil 1,000 2,000
Bulgaria 22,000 25,000
Canada 45,400 45,400
China 3-4,000,000 20,000,000
Czechoslovakia 25,000 345,000
Denmark 2,100 3,200
Dutch East Indies -- 3-4,000,000
Estonia -- 51,000
Ethiopia 5,000 100,000
Finland 95,000 97,000
France 217,600 567,600
French Indochina -- 1-1,500,000
Germany 5,533,000 6,600,000-8,800,000
Greece 20,000-35,000 300,000-800,000
Hungary 300,000 580,000
India 87,000 1,500,000-2,500,000
Italy 301,400 457,000
Japan 2,120,000 2,600,000-3,100,000
Korea -- 378,000-473,000
Latvia -- 227,000
Lithuania -- 353,000
Luxembourg -- 2,000
Malaya -- 100,000
Netherlands 17,000 301,000
New Zealand 11,900 11,900
Norway 3,000 9,500
Papua New Guinea -- 15,000
Philippines 57,000 500,000-1,000,000
Poland 240,000 5,600,000
Romania 300,000 833,000
Singapore -- 50,000
South Africa 11,900 11,900
Soviet Union 8,800,000-10,700,000 24,000,000
United Kingdom 383,600 450,700
United States 416,800 418,500
Yugoslavia 446,000 1,000,000
https://www.nationalww2museum.org/students-teachers/student-resources/research-starters/research-starters-worldwide-deaths-world-war
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_War_II_casualties
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
- the Enlightenment period basically put the world of Christian/Catholic religion and science at odds. It was basically sanity checking of religion (which many say is just a mechanism to manipulate people?)
The Enlightenment included a range of ideas centered on the sovereignty of reason and the evidence of the senses as the primary sources of knowledge and advanced ideals such as liberty, progress, toleration, fraternity, constitutional government and separation of church and state.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relationship_between_religion_and_science
Liberalism is a political and moral philosophy based on liberty, consent of the governed and equality before the law.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism
illuminati
https://www.vox.com/2015/5/19/8624675/what-is-illuminati-meaning-conspiracy-beyonce
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2016/07-08/profile-adam-weishaupt-illuminati-secret-society/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminati
- ethnic cleaning/Scorched Earth/Apocalyptic thinking was common in the past. They employed such a strategy because they knew counterinsurgency was difficult? They used it to justify barbaric thinking at times? If a country is too homogeneous with regards to race or seems overly large the reason often comes down to ethic cleansing of some sort?
A counter-insurgency or counterinsurgency[1] (COIN) is defined by the United States Department of State as "comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to simultaneously defeat and contain insurgency and address its root causes".[2]
An insurgency is a rebellion against a constituted authority when those taking part in the rebellion are not recognized as belligerents.[3] It is "the organized use of subversion and violence to seize, nullify or challenge political control of a region. As such, it is primarily a political struggle, in which both sides use armed force to create space for their political, economic and influence activities to be effective."
Counter-insurgency campaigns of duly-elected or politically recognized governments take place during war, occupation by a foreign military or police force, and when internal conflicts that involve subversion and armed rebellion occur. The most effective counterinsurgency campaigns "integrate and synchronize political, security, economic, and informational components that reinforce governmental legitimacy and effectiveness while reducing insurgent influence over the population. COIN strategies should be designed to simultaneously protect the population from insurgent violence; strengthen the legitimacy and capacity of government institutions to govern responsibly and marginalize insurgents politically, socially, and economically."[2]
It is prohibited to attack, destroy, remove, or render useless objects indispensable to the survival of the civilian population, such as foodstuffs, agricultural areas for the production of foodstuffs, crops, livestock, drinking water installations and supplies, and irrigation works, for the specific purpose of denying them for their sustenance value to the civilian population or to the adverse Party, whatever the motive, whether in order to starve out civilians, to cause them to move away, or for any other motive.[3]
Carpet bombing, also known as saturation bombing, is a large area bombardment done in a progressive manner to inflict damage in every part of a selected area of land.[1][2][3][4] The phrase evokes the image of explosions completely covering an area, in the same way that a carpet covers a floor. Carpet bombing is usually achieved by dropping many unguided bombs.
Carpet bombing of cities, towns, villages, or other areas containing a concentration of civilians is considered a war crime[5] as of Article 51 of the 1977 Protocol I of the Geneva Conventions.[6][7][8]
The term obliteration bombing is sometimes used to describe especially intensified bombing with the intention of destroying a city or a large part of the city. The term area bombing refers to indiscriminate bombing of an area and also encompasses cases of carpet bombing, including obliteration bombing. It was used in that sense especially during World War II.
Contents
1 Early history
2 During World War II
3 Vietnam War
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
lives lost to war
ethnic cleansing
Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial and/or religious groups from a given territory by a more powerful ethnic group, often with the intent of making it ethnically homogeneous.[1][page needed] The forces which may be applied may be various forms of forced migration (deportation, population transfer), intimidation, as well as genocide and genocidal rape.
Ethnic cleansing is usually accompanied by efforts to remove physical and cultural evidence of the targeted group in the territory through the destruction of homes, social centers, farms, and infrastructure, as well as through the desecration of monuments, cemeteries, and places of worship.
Ethnic cleansing by the Turks in Bulgaria during the Batak massacre.
Although ethnic cleansing has occurred long through history, the term was initially used by the perpetrators during the Yugoslav Wars and cited in this context as a euphemism akin to that of Nazi Germany's "Final Solution", by the 1990s, and gained widespread acceptance due to journalism and the media's heightened use of the term in its generic meaning.[2]
colonisation genocide
The genocide of indigenous peoples is the mass destruction of entire communities of indigenous peoples.[Note 1] Indigenous peoples are understood to be people whose historical and current territory has become occupied by colonial expansion, or the formation of a state by a dominant group such as a colonial power.[1]
While the concept of genocide was formulated by Raphael Lemkin in the mid-20th century, the expansion of various European colonial powers such as the Spanish and British empires and the subsequent establishment of colonies on indigenous territory frequently involved acts of genocidal violence against indigenous groups in the Americas, Australia, Africa and Asia.[2] According to Lemkin, colonization was in itself "intrinsically genocidal". He saw this genocide as a two-stage process, the first being the destruction of the indigenous population's way of life. In the second stage, the newcomers impose their way of life on the indigenous group.[3][4] According to David Maybury-Lewis, imperial and colonial forms of genocide are enacted in two main ways, either through the deliberate clearing of territories of their original inhabitants in order to make them exploitable for purposes of resource extraction or colonial settlements, or through enlisting indigenous peoples as forced laborers in colonial or imperialist projects of resource extraction.[5] The designation of specific events as genocidal is often controversial.[6]
Some scholars, among them Lemkin, have argued that cultural genocide, sometimes called ethnocide, should also be recognized. A people may continue to exist, but if they are prevented from perpetuating their group identity by prohibitions against cultural and religious practices that are the basis of that identity, this may also be considered a form of genocide. Examples include the treatment of Tibetans by the Government of China and Native Americans by the Federal government of the United States.[7][8][9][10]
Democide is a term proposed by R. J. Rummel since at least 1994[1] who defined it as "the intentional killing of an unarmed or disarmed person by government agents acting in their authoritative capacity and pursuant to government policy or high command".[2] According to him, this definition covers a wide range of deaths, including forced labor and concentration camp victims; killings by "unofficial" private groups; extrajudicial summary killings; and mass deaths due to the governmental acts of criminal omission and neglect, such as in deliberate famines, as well as killings by de facto governments, i.e. civil war killings.[2] This definition covers any murder of any number of persons by any government.[2]
Rummel created the term as an extended concept to include forms of government murder not covered by the term genocide. According to Rummel, democide surpassed war as the leading cause of non-natural death in the 20th century.[3][4]
- like many religious issues the source and origin of Anti-Semitism is thousands of years old? Somehow, black people and Anti-Semitism constantly gets mixed up? They've somehow managed to end up being the on the receiving end of a lot of bad blood?
“It started long ago … with a lie about the Jew,” the voiceover by actress Julianna Margulies explains. “The lie said the Jew was evil … conspiring … the enemy of God. The lie evolved and spread like a virus … and still does. Many don’t know they’re infected. Others don’t care. Some define themselves by it. The virus has endured for so long and spread so far because of its power to adapt and deceive. Of its thousands of mutations, this is the story of four.”
The film then launches into the first of four segments, looking at the American strain. In Pittsburgh, Goldberg examines the significance of the assault on the Tree of Life synagogue, then heads to North Carolina, where he engages with Russell Walker, an open racist and anti-Semite who got 37% of his district’s vote when he ran for the state House of Representatives in 2018. 
...
“If I’m looking to recruit, I’m going to look for white kids who have something going wrong in their life … and find a way to blame that on the Jews,” he says in the documentary.
...
In the France portion of “Viral,” Goldberg interviews a brother of the shooter in the 2015 assault on the Hyper Cacher kosher grocery in Paris. Asked to describe the motivations of his jihadist brother, Abdel Ghani Merah describes the North African immigrant milieu of their parents, who brought to France a post-colonial belief that Western nations, Israel and global Jewry were allied against the Arab world.
“Hatred of Jews was legitimate in my parents’ eyes,” he says, while distancing himself from that view (in fact, he has committed his life to countering anti-Semitism). “If they failed at something or were rejected, right away it was somehow a Jew’s fault. They owned the world.”
A final word is given to the widow of Philippe Braham, one of four French Jews killed in the attack on Hyper Cacher, a kosher supermarket in Paris.
“We don’t walk in the streets easily like we used to,” she says. “I won’t let my sons wear the kippah. I won’t say their names out loud.”
Valerie Braham then adds: “For me it’s just pointless hatred of the Jews. There are no real reasons.”
For those who see it, will this film provide some kind of vaccine, so to speak, against anti-Semitism?
That is the perennial hope — the panacea we are all waiting for.
anti semitism history
The history of antisemitism, defined as hostile actions or discrimination against Jews as a religious or ethnic group, goes back many centuries, with antisemitism being called "the longest hatred".[1] Jerome Chanes identifies six stages in the historical development of antisemitism:[2]
Pre-Christian anti-Judaism in Ancient Greece and Rome which was primarily ethnic in nature
Christian antisemitism in antiquity and the Middle Ages which was religious in nature and has extended into modern times
Muslim antisemitism which was—at least in its classical form—nuanced, in that Jews were a protected class
Political, social and economic antisemitism of Enlightenment and post-Enlightenment Europe which laid the groundwork for racial antisemitism
Racial antisemitism that arose in the 19th century and culminated in Nazism
Contemporary antisemitism which has been labeled by some as the new antisemitism
Chanes suggests that these six stages could be merged into three categories: "ancient antisemitism, which was primarily ethnic in nature; Christian antisemitism, which was religious; and the racial antisemitism of the 19th and 20th centuries".[2] In practice, it is difficult to differentiate antisemitism from the general ill-treatment of nations by other nations before the Roman period, but since the adoption of Christianity in Europe, antisemitism has undoubtedly been present. The Islamic world has also historically seen the Jews as outsiders. The coming of the Scientific and Industrial Revolutions in 19th-century Europe bred a new manifestation of antisemitism, based as much upon race as upon religion, which culminated in the Holocaust that occurred during World War II. The formation of the state of Israel in 1948 has created new antisemitic tensions in the Middle East.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_antisemitism
- the Jewish/Israel situation is really complicated. Christians/Catholics don't see to eye because they were seen as cause of crucification of Jesus? Islamists see them as dodgy and the fundamentalists see the only way to deal with them is to get rid of them? This is outlined in their religious texts which see them as them as not listening to the prophets and killing them? Germans saw them as being too greedy. That explains some of the covert opreations in play that you see? Ironically, the current crop of Jews/Israelis rule themselves out because of they haven't moved beyond some practices which cause illness?
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/mental-illness-and-human-mind-control.html
Israeli Soldier's Explosive Tell-All - 'Palestinians are Right to Resist'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FkxJd88xkBU
- Muhummad is to Islam, what Jesus is to Christinity what, Abraham is to Abrahamic religions, Buddha is to Buddhism, etc... The reason why fundamentalists people/countries look so strange is that they stuck a seal on things and many people live like they would have from thousands of years ago?
seal of prophets
Khatam an-Nabiyyin, usually translated as Seal of the Prophets, is a title used in the Qur'an to designate the prophet Muhammad. It is synonymous with the term Khātam al-Anbiyā’. Among Muslims, it is generally regarded to mean that Muhammad was the last of the prophets sent by Allah.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khatam_an-Nabiyyin
The view on the Prophets of God (Arabic: نبي الله, romanized: Nabī-Allah) in Ahmadiyya theology differs significantly from Orthodox Islam. The main difference centres on the Quranic term Khatam an-Nabiyyin (Arabic: خاتم النبيين‎, lit. 'Seal of Prophets') with reference to Muhammad which is understood by Ahmadis in terms of perfection and testification of prophethood instead of chronological finality (as understood within mainstream Islam).[1] Accordingly, Muhammad is held to be the last prophet to deliver a religious law to humanity in the form of the Quran whose teachings embody a perfected and universal message. Although, in principle, prophets can appear within Islam but they must be non-lawbearing prophets dependent upon the sharia of Prophet Muhammad. Their prophethood is reflective of that of Muhammad, that is, within his Seal; and their role is merely that of reviving and purifying the faith. They cannot be prophets in their own right and cannot change, add to or subtract from the religious law of Islam.[1] As such, Ahmadis, regard their founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad as a prophet who appeared as the promised Messiah and Mahdi in accordance with Islam's eschatological prophecies.[2][3] In contrast to mainstream Muslims who believe Jesus to be still alive and one who would return himself towards the end of time, Ahmadis believe Jesus to have died a natural death and view the coming of such an independent, Israelite prophet (from outside the Islamic dispensation) to amount to breaking the Seal of Prophethood.[4][5]
Moreover, unlike orthodox Islam, the Ahmadiyya Muslim Community considers the term Messenger (rasul) and Prophet (nabi) as being different aspects of the same office of a Khalifatullah (Representative of God on Earth). According to Ahmadiyya belief, the terms used in the Qur'an to signify divinely appointed individuals, namely, Warner (Nazir), Prophet (Nabi), Messenger (Rasul), are generally synonymous. Ahmadis however categorise prophets as law-bearing ones and non-lawbearing ones
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prophethood_(Ahmadiyya)
https://www.cnbc.com/2020/01/05/iran-condemns-trump-as-terrorist-in-a-suit-after-attack-threat.html
islam racism koran
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamophobia
According to Islamic sources, the Medinian Jews began to develop friendly alliances with Muhammad's enemies in Mecca so they could overthrow him, despite the fact that they promised not to overthrow him in the treaty of the Constitution of Medina[76][77][78] to take the side of him and his followers against their enemies.[52][79][80][81] Two Jewish tribes were expelled and the third one was wiped out.[9][82] The Banu Qaynuqa was expelled for their hostility against the Muslims and for mocking them.[26][31][32][33][34] The Banu Nadir was expelled after they attempted to assassinate Muhammad.[35][36] The last one, the Banu Qurayza, was wiped out after the Battle of Trench where they attempted to ally themselves with the invading Quraish.[43][44][45]
Samuel Rosenblatt opines these incidents were not part of policies directed exclusively against Jews, and Muhammad was more severe with his pagan Arab kinsmen.[52][81] In addition, Muhammad's conflict with Jews was considered of rather minor importance. According to Lewis, since the clash of Judaism and Islam was resolved and ended during Muhammad's lifetime with Muslim victory, no Muslim unresolved theological dispute fueled antisemitism. There is also a difference between Jewish denial of Christian and Muslim messages, since Muhammad never claimed to be a Messiah or Son of God, although he is referred to as "the Apostle of God".[83] The cause of Muhammad's death is disputable, though the Hadiths tend to suggest he may have eventually succumbed to poison after having been poisoned at Khaybar by one of the surviving Jewish widows.[84][85]
According to Rosenblatt, Muhammad's disputes with his neighboring Jewish tribes left no marked traces on his immediate successors (known as Caliphs). The first Caliphs generally based their treatment upon the Quranic verses encouraging tolerance.[52] Classical commentators viewed Muhammad's struggle with Jews as a minor episode in his career, though the emphasis has shifted in modern times.[47]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Islam
- there may be a lot of unresolved issues/difficulties left over from the Cold War? I previously thought that the USSR/Russia Vs US/UK issue was limited to the Cold War but it seems to go much further then that? Possibly back to the Russian Civil War (between White movement and Bolshevik Red Army) where the US/UK decided to intervene but were repelled? The Cold War resulted in carnage around the world and it feels like many Eastern Bloc countries who turned West haven't done as well as you would have thought (their GDP in USD may go up (probably due to increased trade with the US) but many have suffered from a brain drain/reduced populations, increased crime levels/terrorism/political instability, reduced employment, etc...)? How many countries genuinely do better with US/Western help? Lots of diplomatic jargon. Understanding the past helps you understand the present?
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/02/a-new-cold-war-economic-crisis-and-more.html
https://www.backinthesovietbloc.com/
World Bank's Neman - 'Critical time' as Iraq faces multiple crises _ Talk to Al Jazeera
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rD93Q33LwBQ
https://tradingeconomics.com/iraq/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/iraq/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/iraq/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/afghanistan/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/afghanistan/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/afghanistan/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/syria/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/syria/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/syria/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/libya/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/libya/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/libya/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/serbia/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/serbia/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/serbia/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/russia/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/estonia/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/estonia/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/estonia/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/ukraine/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/ukraine/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/ukraine/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/lithuania/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/lithuania/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/latvia/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/latvia/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/latvia/terrorism-index
https://tradingeconomics.com/latvia/unemployment-rate
https://tradingeconomics.com/latvia/youth-unemployment-rate
https://tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/gdp
https://tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/interest-rate
https://tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/czech-republic/terrorism-index
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_criminal_enterprises,_gangs,_and_syndicates
https://www.smh.com.au/interactive/2017/500000-a-pop-the-price-you-pay-in-organised-crime/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Mexico%27s_37_most-wanted_drug_lords_(2009)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_post-Soviet_mobsters
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mafia_state
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thief_in_law
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domino_theory
Operation Condor (Spanish: Operación Cóndor, also known as Plan Cóndor; Portuguese: Operação Condor) was a United States-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents, officially and formally implemented in November 1975 by the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America.
The program, nominally intended to eradicate communist or Soviet influence and ideas, was created to suppress active or potential opposition movements against the participating governments' neoliberal economic policies, which sought to reverse the economic policies of the previous era.[6][7]
...
Condor's key members were the governments in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil. Ecuador and Peru later joined the operation in more peripheral roles.[16][17]
The United States government provided planning, coordinating, training on torture,[18] technical support and supplied military aid to the Juntas during the Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, and the Reagan administrations.[2] Such support was frequently routed through the CIA.
In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence (SOI) is a spatial region or concept division over which a state or organization has a level of cultural, economic, military, or political exclusivity.[citation needed]
While there may be a formal alliance or other treaty obligations between the influenced and influencer, such formal arrangements are not necessary and the influence can often be more of an example of soft power. Similarly, a formal alliance does not necessarily mean that one country lies within another's sphere of influence. High levels of exclusivity have historically been associated with higher levels of conflict.
In more extreme cases, a country within the "sphere of influence" of another may become a subsidiary of that state and serve in effect as a satellite state or de facto colony. The system of spheres of influence by which powerful nations intervene in the affairs of others continues to the present. It is often analyzed in terms of superpowers, great powers, and/or middle powers.
Sometimes portions of a single country can fall into two distinct spheres of influence. In the colonial era the buffer states of Iran and Thailand, lying between the empires of Britain/Russia and Britain/France respectively, were divided between the spheres of influence of the imperial powers. Likewise, after World War II, Germany was divided into four occupation zones, which later consolidated into West Germany and East Germany, the former a member of NATO and the latter a member of the Warsaw Pact.
The term is also used to describe non-political situations, e.g., a shopping mall is said to have a sphere of influence that designates the geographical area where it dominates the retail trade.
The collapse of the Warsaw Pact in 1989–1991 removed the de facto main adversary of NATO and caused a strategic re-evaluation of NATO's purpose, nature, tasks, and focus on the continent of Europe. This shift started with the 1990 signing in Paris of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe between NATO and the Soviet Union, which mandated specific military reductions across the continent that continued after the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991.[16] At that time, European countries accounted for 34 percent of NATO's military spending; by 2012, this had fallen to 21 percent.[17] NATO also began a gradual expansion to include newly autonomous Central and Eastern European nations, and extended its activities into political and humanitarian situations that had not formerly been NATO concerns.[18]
...
The Russian intervention in Crimea in 2014 led to strong condemnation by NATO nations and the creation of a new "spearhead" force of 5,000 troops at bases in Estonia, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland, Romania, and Bulgaria.[25] At the subsequent 2014 Wales summit, the leaders of NATO's member states formally committed for the first time to spend the equivalent of at least 2% of their gross domestic products on defence by 2024, which had previously been only an informal guideline.[26] NATO did not condemn the 2016–present purges in Turkey.[27] NATO members have resisted the UN's Nuclear Weapon Ban Treaty, a binding agreement for negotiations for the total elimination of nuclear weapons, supported by more than 120 nations.[28]
kgb vs cia
My great-grandfather experienced the independence of Bulgaria in 1908, the monarchy, the invasion of the Red Army in 1944 and the following 45 years of communist rule. He even witnessed the early years of democracy. He had great hopes for Bulgaria's future. He died in 1991, at the age of almost 90. I remember an old man who liked to sit in a chair facing the sea. He never talked to me about the war, only about how the Black Sea froze so thoroughly in the 1950s that he could walk on the ice.
Bulgaria has been a member of NATO since 2004, and a member of the EU since 2007. Its orientation towards the West has not cooled its ties to Russia, neither emotionally nor economically. After 1989, the monopoly of power of the Bulgarian Communist Party was dissolved, but the power did not change hands from the elite. Bulgaria still has a long way to go in coming to terms with its own past.
Recruitment of informants became increasingly difficult towards the end of the GDR's existence, and, after 1986, there was a negative turnover rate of IMs. This had a significant impact on the Stasi's ability to survey the population, in a period of growing unrest, and knowledge of the Stasi's activities became more widespread.[69] Stasi had been tasked during this period with preventing the country's economic difficulties becoming a political problem, through suppression of the very worst problems the state faced, but it failed to do so.[19]
Stasi officers reportedly had discussed re-branding East Germany as a democratic capitalist country to the West, but which in practice would have been taken over by Stasi officers. The plan specified 2,587 OibE officers (Offiziere im besonderen Einsatz, "officers on special assignment") who would have assumed power as detailed in the Top Secret Document 0008-6/86 of 17 March 1986.[70][71] According to Ion Mihai Pacepa, the chief intelligence officer in communist Romania, other communist intelligence services had similar plans.[71] On 12 March 1990, Der Spiegel reported that the Stasi was indeed attempting to implement 0008-6/86.[70] Pacepa has noted that what happened in Russia and how KGB Colonel Vladimir Putin took over Russia resembles these plans.[71] See Putinism.
“The immediate economic consequences of transformation were significant falls in gross national product. For example, between 1990 and 1993, real GDP had declined in Lithuania -18 percent, Ukraine -10 percent, Russia -10.1 percent and Tajikistan -12.2 percent. The first 10 years of transformation was a period of great social disruption and chaos. The introduction of a market system of exchange led to a severe decline in gross domestic product, contraction of the labour market, and unemployment leading to social malaise including a rising death and suicide rate.”
...
“People who reported significant financial stress were 13 times more likely to have a heart attack than those who had minimal or no stress. Among those who experienced moderate work-related stress levels, the chances of having a heart attack were 5.6 times higher.”
Lithuania was not the only ex-Soviet country to see a massive increase in death. Not just from CHD, but in all-cause mortality. Here is a section of a report on the break-up:
“The transition to market economies in many post-communist societies of the former Soviet Union and other former eastern bloc countries in Europe has produced a ‘demographic collapse.’ Among the most serious findings is a four-year drop in life expectancy among Russian men since 1980, from 62 years to 58.
“There were also significant drops in life expectancy in Armenia, Belarus, Bulgaria, Latvia, Lithuania, and Romania. The immediate cause of the rising mortality is the ‘rise in self-destructive behavior, especially among men.’ Old problems such as alcoholism have increased; drug misuse, a relatively new problem in the former communist bloc, has risen dramatically in recent years.” The report, Transition 1999, stated that suicide rates climbed steeply too, by 60 percent in Russia, 80 percent in Lithuania, and 95 percent in Latvia since 1989.
Behind the self-destructive behavior, the authors say, were economic factors, including rising poverty rates, unemployment, financial insecurity, and corruption. Whereas only four percent of the population in the region had incomes equivalent to $4 (£2.50) a day or less in 1988, that figure had climbed to 32 percent by 1994.
“What we are arguing,” said Omar Noman, an economist for the development fund and one of the report’s contributors, “is that the transition to market economies [in the region] is the biggest… killer we have seen in the 20th century, if you take out famines and wars. The sudden shock and what it did to the system… has effectively meant that five million [Russian men’s] lives have been lost in the 1990s.”
was boris yeltsin a good president
Yeltsin transformed Russia's state socialist economy into a capitalist market economy by implementing economic shock therapy, market exchange rate of the ruble, nationwide privatization, and lifting of price controls. Economic collapse and inflation ensued. Amid the economic shift, a small number of oligarchs obtained a majority of the national property and wealth,[1] while international monopolies came to dominate the market.[2] During the 1993 Russian constitutional crisis, Yeltsin ordered the unconstitutional dissolution of the Supreme Soviet parliament, which responded by attempting to remove him from office. In October 1993, troops loyal to Yeltsin stopped an armed uprising outside of the parliament building; he then introduced a new constitution. Secessionist sentiment in the Russian Caucasus led to the First Chechen War, War of Dagestan, and Second Chechen War between 1994 and 1999. Internationally, Yeltsin promoted renewed collaboration with Europe and signed arms control agreements with the United States. Amid growing internal pressure, in 1999 he resigned and was succeeded by his chosen successor, former Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Out of office, he kept a low profile and was later given a state funeral.
Yeltsin was a controversial figure. Domestically he was highly popular in the late 1980s and early 1990s, although his reputation was damaged by the economic and political crises of his presidency and he left office widely unpopular with the Russian population.[3] He received praise and criticism for his role in dismantling the Soviet Union, transforming Russia into a representative democracy, and introducing new political, economic, and cultural freedoms to the country. Conversely, he was accused of economic mismanagement, overseeing a massive growth in inequality and corruption, and of undermining Russia's standing as a major world power.
kosovo crime level
Kosovo[a] within communist Yugoslavia had the lowest rate of crime in the whole country.[1] Following the Kosovo War (1999), the region had become a significant center of organized crime, drug trafficking, human trafficking and organ theft besides ongoing ethnic conflict between Kosovar Albanians and Kosovan Serbs. The large Kosovar diaspora which had built up in Western Europe during the 1990s combined with the political instability created ideal conditions for Kosovo to become "Europe's crime hub"; well into the 2000s, Kosovo remained associated with both ethnic conflict and organized crime.[2] A Kosovo Police service has been built up under UN administration beginning in 1999, reaching its operational force of 7,000 officers in 2004, and further expanded to 9,000 by 2010. The deplorable crime rate led to an additional deployment of civilian law enforcement resources of the European Union to Kosovo under the name of European Union Rule of Law Mission in Kosovo in 2008. Originally scheduled for two years, the duration of the deployment was extended twice, as of September 2012 scheduled to last until 2014.
According to the "Kosovo 2012 Crime and Safety Report" by the US Department of State (intended as an advisory to US nationals travelling abroad),
"High unemployment and other economic factors encourage criminal activity in Kosovo. Kosovo is rated as HIGH for residential and non-residential crime. Street crimes consisting of theft and purse snatchings are serious problems in Kosovo, especially in Pristina. Criminals often commit crimes while armed with handguns, as weapons are fairly easy to obtain."[3]
crime in russia
The collapse of the Soviet Union destroyed much of the systems and infrastructures that provided social security and a minimal standard of living for the population,[69] and law and order across the country broke down resulting in outbreak of crime.[70] In the transition to a free market economy, production fell and there was huge capital flight coupled with low foreign investment.[69]
Due to these factors, economic instability increased and a newly impoverished population emerged, accompanied by unemployment and unpaid wages.[69] Extreme poverty as well as unpaid wages resulted in an increase in theft and counterfeiting.[71] Since the dissolution of the Soviet Union, organized criminal groups in Russia and other former Soviet republics have been involved in different illegal activities such as drug trafficking, arms trafficking, car theft, human trafficking and money laundering being the most common.[72]
The internationalization of the Russian Mafia along with the Sicilian Mafia, the Camorra, the Triads and the Yakuza played a vital role in the development of transnational crime[37] involving Russia. From 1991 to 1992, the number of both officially reported crimes and the overall crime rate increased by 27%.[67] By the early 1990s, theft, burglary, and other property crimes accounted for nearly two-thirds of all crime in the country.[67] There was a rapid growth of violent crime, including homicides.[67] However, since the beginning of the 2000s, crime in Russia has taken a sharp decline.[73]
crime in ukraine
Corruption is a widespread and growing problem in Ukrainian society.[3][4] In 2014's Transparency International Corruption Perceptions Index Ukraine was ranked 142nd out of the 175 countries investigated (tied with Uganda and the Comoros).[5]
Bribes are given to ensure that public services are delivered either in time or at all.[6] Ukrainians stated they give bribes because they think it is customary and expected.[6][7] According to a 2008 Management Systems International (MSI) sociological survey, the highest corruption levels were found in vehicle inspection (57.5%), the police (54.2%), health care (54%), the courts (49%) and higher education (43.6%).[8] On June 8, 2011 Ukrainian President Viktor Yanukovych stated that corruption costs the state budget US$2.5 billion in revenues annually and that through corrupt dealings in public procurement 10% to 15% (US$7.4 billion) of the state budget "ends up in the pockets of officials".[9]
According to the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), the main causes of corruption in Ukraine are a weak justice system and an over-controlling non-transparent government combined with business-political ties and a weak civil society.[10] Corruption is regularly discussed in the Ukrainian media.[11][12]
In May 2018, Estonian President Kersti Kaljulaid stated that corruption is the primary factor that is holding back the development of Ukraine and it can only be resolved with a strong political will after a meeting with the head of the National Anti-Corruption Bureau of Ukraine (NABU), Artem Sytnyk.[13]
“After the Cold War ended and China prevailed against the US-instigated Color Revolution in June 1989, the US has spread one lie and calumny after another about China without respite. It not so clandestinely, aids and abets every separatist movement meant to dismember the multi-national Chinese state and then accuses China of alleged human rights abuses when she moves to protect her sovereign rights and territorial integrity from Western-sponsored terrorists and pro-American ‘dissidents’ and faux pro-democracy advocates, who advocate the overthrow of the Chinese government and its replacement with a US vassal Quisling state,” the analyst said.
“The American propaganda assault against China is unrelenting, but when the Chinese have the temerity to call out the gross human rights abuses of the US unfolding on its city streets and its centuries of racial oppression against African Americans, Pompeo launches a fuselage of abuse against her. Pompeo obviously wants to have his cake and eat it too. But no one in their right mind can take anything this pompous ass says seriously,” he concluded.
http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2020/06/08/627010/US-history-riddled-with-%E2%80%98unimaginable-human-rights-violations%E2%80%99
colour revolution
Colour revolution (sometimes called the coloured revolution) is a term that was widely[citation needed][clarification needed] used by worldwide media[1] to describe various related movements that developed in several countries of the former Soviet Union, People's Republic of China and the Balkans during the early 2000s. The term has also been applied to a number of revolutions elsewhere, including in the Middle East and the Asia-Pacific region, dating from the 1980s to the 2010s. Some observers (such as Justin Raimondo and Michael Lind) have called the events a revolutionary wave, the origins of which can be traced back to the 1986 People Power Revolution (also known as the Yellow Revolution) in the Philippines.
Participants in the colour revolutions have mostly used nonviolent resistance, also called civil resistance[citation needed]. Such methods as demonstrations, strikes and interventions have been intended protest against governments seen as corrupt and/or authoritarian and to advocate democracy and they have also created strong pressure for change. These movements generally adopted a specific colour or flower as their symbol. The colour revolutions are notable for the important role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) and particularly student activists in organising creative non-violent resistance[citation needed].
Such movements have had a measure of success as for example in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia's Bulldozer Revolution (2000), in Georgia's Rose Revolution (2003) and in Ukraine's Orange Revolution (2004). In most but not all cases, massive street protests followed disputed elections or requests for fair elections and led to the resignation or overthrow of leaders considered by their opponents to be authoritarian[citation needed]. Some events have been called "colour revolutions", but are different from the above cases in certain basic characteristics. Examples include Lebanon's Cedar Revolution (2005) and Kuwait's Blue Revolution (2005).
Government figures in Russia, such as Defense Minister Sergei Shoigu and Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov, have claimed that colour revolutions are externally fuelled acts with a clear goal to influence the internal affairs that destabilise the economy,[2] conflict with the law and represent a new form of warfare.[3][4] President Vladimir Putin said that Russia must prevent colour revolutions: "We see what tragic consequences the wave of so-called colour revolutions led to. For us this is a lesson and a warning. We should do everything necessary so that nothing similar ever happens in Russia".[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colour_revolution
https://foreignpolicy.com/2013/03/18/why-the-color-revolutions-failed/
https://www.e-ir.info/2009/07/31/explaining-the-color-revolutions/
revolutions timeline
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_revolutions_and_rebellions
https://blog.oup.com/2014/02/world-revolutions-timeline-map/
https://study.com/academy/lesson/age-of-revolution-timeline.html
https://www.preceden.com/timelines/67858-the-world-of-revolutions
hippie culture kgb
During the Cold War (1947–1991), when the Soviet Union and the United States were engaged in an arms race, the Soviet Union promoted its foreign policy through the World Peace Council and other front organizations. Some writers have claimed that it also influenced non-aligned peace groups in the West, although the CIA and MI5 have doubted the extent of Soviet influence.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_influence_on_the_peace_movement
Going Underground - Veterans for Peace Interview
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2GLZ9jhEB_A
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergey_Naryshkin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Office_of_Foreign_Assets_Control#Specially_Designated_Nationals_List
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_sanctioned_during_the_Ukrainian_crisis
Stalinism is the means of governing and related policies implemented in the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 by Joseph Stalin (1878–1953), including rapid industrialization; the theory of socialism in one country; a totalitarianism; collectivization of agriculture; a cult of personality;[1][2] and subordination of the interests of foreign communist parties to those of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, deemed by Stalinism to be the leading vanguard party of communist revolution at the time.[3]
Stalinism promoted the escalation of class conflict, utilizing state violence to forcibly purge society of the bourgeoisie, whom Stalinist doctrine regarded as threats to the pursuit of the communist revolution. This policy resulted in substantial political violence and persecution of such people.[4] However, 'enemies' not only included the bourgeoisie, but also those of the working class who demonstrated counter-revolutionary sympathies.[5]
Officially designed to accelerate development towards communism, the need for Stalinist industrialization was emphasized because the Soviet Union had previously fallen behind economically compared to Western countries, and that socialist society needed industry to face the challenges posed by internal and external enemies of communism.[6]:70-1 As such, rapid industrialization was accompanied by mass collectivization of agriculture and by rapid urbanization, the latter of which converted many small villages into industrial cities.[6]:70-9 To accelerate the development of industrialization, Stalin imported materials, ideas, expertise, and workers from Western Europe and the United States,[7] pragmatically setting up joint-venture contracts with major American private enterprises, such as the Ford Motor Company, which, under state supervision, assisted in developing the basis of the industry of the Soviet economy from the late 1920s to the 1930s.[8] After the American private enterprises had completed their tasks, Soviet state enterprises took over.[8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalinism
After years of prevarication on the part of those who should know better, it has finally become common knowledge that democracy is being strangled in Hungary and Poland. What is less known is that democracy and the rule of law have been effectively dismantled in another EU member state, Bulgaria, under the rule of Europe’s longest-serving populist leader, Lieutenant General Boyko Borisov.
Unlike other European ‘strong men’, Borisov is not fascistic, antisemitic or xenophobic. Unlike other macho leaders in the region, he does not even have a problem with gay people. This makes him, I’ve been told by EU officials, somehow “safe” when it comes to democracy.
But it is not only fascistic xenophobes who are capable of killing democracy. This task can be very efficiently handled by semi-literate macho males bereft of any anti-democratic ideology.
A former policeman and member of the Communist Party between 1979 and 1991, in the 1990s Borisov jumped ship and joined one of the euphemistically named “strong-arm groups”, setting up a moderately successful “security company” in the process.
Failing to make a spectacular career in “security”, in 2001 he jumped ship again and became Secretary of the Ministry of the Interior. Over the next few years, he positioned himself as “poacher-turned-gamekeeper” and on the strength of this he won the 2009 elections, becoming Prime Minister a year before Victor Orban took over in Hungary.
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/how-dismantle-democracy-case-bulgaria/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandar_Vu%C4%8Di%C4%87
https://www.dw.com/en/czech-self-sufficiency-push-exposes-political-links-to-farming/a-53894042
communist nostalgia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_nostalgia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Communist_chic
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nostalgia_for_the_Soviet_Union
https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/can-europe-make-it/communist-nostalgia-in-eastern-europe-longing-for-past/
europe russia split
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Russia
Economy
The dissolution of the Soviet Union took place as a result and against the backdrop of general economic stagnation, even regression. As the Gosplan, which had set up production chains to cross SSR lines, broke down, the inter-republic economic connections were also disrupted, leading to even more serious breakdown of the post-Soviet economies.
Most of the formerly Soviet states began the transition to a market economy from a command economy in 1990-1991 and made efforts to rebuild and restructure their economic systems, with varying results. In all, the process triggered severe economic declines, with Gross Domestic Product (GDP) dropping by more than 40% overall between 1990 and 1995.[45] This decline in GDP was much more intense than the 27% decline that the United States suffered in the wake of the Great Depression between 1930 and 1934.[46] The reconfiguration of public finance in compliance with capitalist principles resulted in dramatically reduced spending on health, education and other social programs, leading to a sharp increase in poverty and economic inequality.[47][48] The economic shocks associated with wholesale privatization resulted in the excess deaths of roughly 1 million working age individuals throughout the former Soviet bloc in the 1990s.[49][50] A study by economist Steven Rosefielde asserts that 3.4 million Russians died premature deaths from 1990 to 1998, partly as the result of "shock therapy" imposed by the Washington Consensus.[51]
The initial transition decline was eventually arrested by the cumulative effect of market reforms, and after 1995 the economy in the post-Soviet states began to recover, with GDP switching from negative to positive growth rates. By 2007, 10 of the 15 post-Soviet states had recovered and reached GDP greater than what they had in 1991.[52] Only Moldova, Ukraine, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan had GDP significantly below the 1991 level. The recovery in Russia was marginal, with GDP in 2006-2007 just nudging above the 1991 level. Combined with the aftershocks of the 1998 economic crisis it led to a return of more interventionist economic policies by Vladimir Putin's administration.[citation needed] Some academic studies show that many former Soviet Republics and Warsaw Pact countries still have not caught up to their levels of output during the twilight of the Soviet era.[53][54]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-Soviet_states
The Washington Consensus is a set of ten economic policy prescriptions considered to constitute the "standard" reform package promoted for crisis-wracked developing countries by Washington, D.C.-based institutions such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank and United States Department of the Treasury.[1] The term was first used in 1989 by English economist John Williamson.[2] The prescriptions encompassed policies in such areas as macroeconomic stabilization, economic opening with respect to both trade and investment, and the expansion of market forces within the domestic economy.
Subsequent to Williamson's use of the terminology, and despite his emphatic opposition, the phrase Washington Consensus has come to be used fairly widely in a second, broader sense, to refer to a more general orientation towards a strongly market-based approach (sometimes described as market fundamentalism or neoliberalism). In emphasizing the magnitude of the difference between the two alternative definitions, Williamson has argued (see § Origins of policy agenda and § Broad sense below) that his ten original, narrowly defined prescriptions have largely acquired the status of "motherhood and apple pie" (i.e., are broadly taken for granted), whereas the subsequent broader definition, representing a form of neoliberal manifesto, "never enjoyed a consensus [in Washington] or anywhere much else" and can reasonably be said to be dead.
Discussion of the Washington Consensus has long been contentious. Partly this reflects a lack of agreement over what is meant by the term, but there are also substantive differences over the merits and consequences of the policy prescriptions involved. Some critics take issue with the original Consensus's emphasis on the opening of developing countries to global markets, and/or with what they see as an excessive focus on strengthening the influence of domestic market forces, arguably at the expense of key functions of the state. For other commentators, the issue is more what is missing, including such areas as institution-building and targeted efforts to improve opportunities for the weakest in society.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Consensus
- believe it or not there were anti-hippie/counter-hippie operations because they were thought to be a bad influence upon society?
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=hippie
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=hippie+documentary
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=hippie+culture
hippie culture
The hippie subculture began its development as a youth movement in the United States during the early 1960s and then developed around the world. Its origins may be traced to European social movements in the 19th and early 20th century such as Bohemians, and the influence of Eastern religion and spirituality.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_hippie_movement
fbi counter hippie
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_CHAOS
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COINTELPRO
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HTLINGUAL
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MERRIMAC
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_RESISTANCE
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECHELON
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSA_warrantless_surveillance_controversy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Megiddo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_MINARET
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_SHAMROCK
https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-fbis-harassment-and-spying-on-1960s-students-revealed-in-subversives-by-seth-rosenfeld
https://medium.com/@dddelaney/of-course-the-fbi-is-tainted-73a465214cb7
kgb counter hippie
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2019/oct/23/lost-history-of-soviet-hippies-documentary-communism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soviet_influence_on_the_peace_movement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov
https://bigthink.com/paul-ratner/34-years-ago-a-kgb-defector-described-america-today
- the left/right issue has been along for as long as politics has been around? It's basically a mechanism to bring back balance in a society that has tiers/stratas. Desires to push for one extreme to another has caused problems all over the place. Revolutions in Russia/USSR, China, Vietnam, Cold War, etc...
A "Red Scare" is the promotion of a widespread fear of a potential rise of communism or anarchism by a society or state. The name refers to the red flags that the communists used. The term is most often used to refer to two periods in the history of the United States which are referred to by this name. The First Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War I, revolved around a perceived threat from the American labor movement, anarchist revolution and political radicalism. The Second Red Scare, which occurred immediately after World War II, was preoccupied with the perception that national or foreign communists were infiltrating or subverting U.S. society and the federal government.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Scare
Far-left politics are politics further to the left of the left–right political spectrum than the standard political left.
There are different definitions of the far-left. In certain instances, the term far-left or radical left has been associated with forms of anarchism, autonomism and communism. Groups that advocate for revolutionary anti-capitalism and anti-globalization have been characterized as far-left.
Extremist far-left politics can involve violent acts and the formation of far-left militant organizations meant to abolish capitalist systems and the upper ruling class. Far-left terrorism consists of groups that attempt to realize their radical ideals and bring about change through violence rather than established political processes.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-left_politics
Far-right politics, also referred to as the extreme right or right-wing extremism,[1][2] are politics further on the right of the left–right spectrum than the standard political right, particularly in terms of extreme nationalism,[3][4] nativist ideologies and authoritarian tendencies.[5][6]
Historically used to describe the experiences of fascism and Nazism,[7] today far-right politics includes neo-fascism, neo-Nazism, Third Position, the alt-right, white nationalism,[8] and other ideologies or organizations that feature aspects of ultranationalist, chauvinist, xenophobic, theocratic, racist, homophobic, anti-communist, or reactionary views.[9]
Far-right politics can lead to oppression, violence, forced assimilation, ethnic cleansing and even genocide against groups of people based on their supposed inferiority, or their perceived threat to the native ethnic group,[10][11] nation, state,[12] national religion, dominant culture, or ultra-conservative traditional social institutions.[13]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far-right_politics
The 75th anniversary of victory over Nazi Germany should serve as a reminder to all that the Holocaust was carried out using a tightly controlled, unchallenged narrative, filmmaker Werner Herzog told RT.
Having grown up in the ruins of post-war Germany, the acclaimed director, screenwriter and producer spoke with Sophie Co. host Sophie Shevardnadze about lessons that can be gleaned from one of the darkest episodes in human history.
The atrocities carried out by the Nazis were the result of a lockstep narrative of “demonization” which replaced facts, Herzog observed. He argued that scapegoating people and entire nations – “Jewish people, the French, the Russians,” and so on – can still be seen “very clearly” today.
It is not so much what is factually happening, it’s who owns the narrative. And we have to be very, very careful and watchful about looking at the media. What are the media doing? Is there some sort of almost collective brainwashing going on or not? … [W]e have to be quite vigilant and we should think on our own.
The “industrialized mass murder” of the Holocaust – a mechanized system of death not seen before in human history – required manufactured consent, he stressed.
But questioning prevailing narratives might not be enough. Should fascism re-emerge, Herzog vowed that he would sacrifice his life to stop it. The filmmaker said he would “take up arms” and “defend democracy” if there’s another Holocaust.
As long as there’s breath in me, it’s not going to happen, because I will fight back actively. I will arm myself and I will fight back. And you will see me dead, and only then it may happen.
https://www.rt.com/news/488108-werner-herzog-ww2-holocaust-fascism/
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/america-literally-coming-apart-seams
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-02/antifa-members-are-secretive-and-paranoid-but-pretty-ordinary/12309238
https://theconversation.com/the-fury-in-us-cities-is-rooted-in-a-long-history-of-racist-policing-violence-and-inequality-139752
Individuals involved in the movement tend to hold anti-capitalist[16][29] and anti-government views,[16] and subscribe to a range of left-wing ideologies.[30] A majority of adherents are anarchists, communists and other socialists who describe themselves as revolutionaries,[37] although some social democrats and other leftists adhere to the antifa movement.[37] The movement is pan-leftist and non-hierarchical[37] and is united by opposition to perceived right-wing extremism and white supremacy[16][25] as well as opposition to a centralized state.[38] Antifa activists reject anti-fascist conservatives[39] as well as liberals.[25][39] The movement eschews mainstream liberal democracy[37] and electoral politics in favor of direct action.[16][25] Despite the movement's opposition to liberalism, right-wing commentators have accused antifa adherents of supporting liberalism and being aided by "liberal sympathizers".[40]
The Anti-Defamation League states that "[m]ost antifa come from the anarchist movement or from the far left, though since the 2016 presidential election, some people with more mainstream political backgrounds have also joined their ranks".[18]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=antifa
Abdullah 'Firimbi' Hassan : Do you think if you get General Aidid, we will simply put down our weapons and adopt American democracy? That the killing will stop? We know this. Without victory, there will be no peace. There will always be killing, see? This is how things are in our world.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0265086/characters/nm0262125
https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/01/the-tragedy-of-the-american-military/383516/
"Hoot" : When I go home people'll ask me, "Hey Hoot, why do you do it man? What, you some kinda war junkie?" You know what I'll say? I won't say a goddamn word. Why? They won't understand. They won't understand why we do it. They won't understand that it's about the men next to you, and that's it. That's all it is.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0265086/characters/nm0051509
"Hoot" : See you're thinking. Don't. 'Cause Sergeant, you can't control who gets hit or who doesn't or who falls out of a chopper or why. It ain't up to you. It's just war.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0265086/characters/nm0051509
- lots of overhang from the colonial/imperialist/religious era? Africa is a huge area of instability. A lot of speculation is that without Western interference it wouldn't have had as many problems (slave trade reduced population and scramble for African resources destablised the region to the point it can't seem to get it's feet back on the ground?)? Incredibly large number of Africans have died in comparison with better known conflicts elsewhere?
"The United Kingdom, the USA and Australia are the three countries which are leading freedom-of-navigation exercises in the South China Sea.
"Over one-third of the world's trade goes through the South China Sea. And China are trying to turn it into a Chinese lake.
"If we lose our territory then we are basically giving a green light to Chinese expansionism across the whole of that region.
"We are paying a fortune with the Americans just to send ships through to send a signal to China that we will continue to ensure that international traffic can continue to pass through the South China Sea."
Following a ruling by the International Court of Justice earlier this year, the United Nations last month agreed a six-month deadline for the United Kingdom to withdraw from the Chagos Archipelago in advance of it being reunified with Mauritius - which the FCO has indicated it will not comply with.
https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/1298158/south-china-sea-china-chagos-islands-indian-ocean-diego-garcia-world-war-3
https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/population
https://tradingeconomics.com/united-states/gdp
illegal colonisation
https://unu.edu/publications/articles/residual-colonialism-in-the-21st-century.html
https://www.un.org/en/decolonization/nonselfgovterritories.shtml
https://www.un.org/dppa/decolonization/en/nsgt
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scramble_for_Africa
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=africa+warlords
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust
african warlords
https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/5-most-notorious-african-warlords
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:African_warlords
https://www.thesouthafrican.com/news/africas-top-10-dictators-and-warlords-body-count-included/
https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/09/worst-war-criminals/
historical interference africa
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/opinion/2013/10/old-wounds-deep-scars-us-intervention-africa-20131010101130448232.html
https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2015/07/how-africas-colonial-history-affects-its-development/
Central to this psychology is the proliferation of Africans being educated in the west. This trend has resulted in the rise of an army of western-influenced elites who continue the colonialism of their own people.
Imagine what can happen when an African nation with a high unemployment rate imbibes a gun culture. Consider the potential danger of a situation in Nigeria, where the Hausa man insists his culture is being appropriated by the Yoruba. Or the Christian Igbo embracing their identity, recruiting allies, and ostracising anyone who will not acquiesce with their cause.
But this is becoming Africa’s reality. Increasingly, our elites tell us that the way of the west is “modern” and “civilised”, echoing the early colonialists who dismissed our civilisations as “barbaric”, “archaic”, and “uncivilised” to install theirs. They tell us that our institutions are corrupt, that our societies are patriarchal, and that the African traditional religions are heathenish. As western supremacy entrenches itself in our psyche, we are developing a complex that embraces western ideas without considering whether or not they are compatible with our own political, social, economic and cultural system.
Although Americans may be rightly calling for “diversity”, given a history that excluded a major demographic population of black people, Nigeria’s struggle from inception has been how to unify its enormous diversity. It was the lack of that unity that resulted in the civil war of the late 1960s. This is the same for Angola, Rwanda and Uganda, to name just a few.
But this is of little concern to Africa’s elites. What matters is to find what the political currency is in the US or Europe, and to uncritically follow it. Whereas people in the west are de-emphasising patriotism and nationalism, Africans need these to build sustainable nations.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/nov/12/africa-failed-by-westernisation-must-cast-off-its-subservience
Even before the age of exploration, countries have been acting based on their own personal interests. It was during the late 1800s that the western world really started to explore deeper into the heart of Africa. What the explorers found was an abundance of land and resources. The only thing standing in their way was a group of primitive people with spears, not guns. Through this technological advantage, Europe was able to successfully claim Africa, its people, and its resources as its own. Seeking only to reap the economic and territorial benefits, settlers created quick local governments instead of industrializing Africa. When countries in Africa began to declare their independence, these newly formed countries were left hundreds of years behind the Western world, with corrupt governments in control.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_influence_on_Africa
Soviet Union-Africa relations covers the diplomatic, political, military and cultural relationships between the Soviet Union and Africa, from the 1945 to 1992. Joseph Stalin made Africa a very low priority, and discouraged relationships or studies of the continent. However the decolonization process of the 1950s and early 1960s opened new opportunities, which Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev was eager to exploit. The Kremlin developed four major long-term policy goals: 1) To gain a lasting presence on the continent. 2) To gain a voice in African affairs. 3) To undermine Western/NATO influence, especially by identifying capitalism with Western imperialism. 4) After 1962, it fought hard to prevent communist China from developing its own countervailing presence. At no time was Moscow willing to engage in combat in Africa, although its ally Cuba did so. Indeed the Kremlin at first assumed that the Russian model of socialized development would prove attractive to Africans eager to modernize. That did not happen, and instead the Soviets emphasized identifying likely allies and giving them financial aid and munitions, as well as credits to purchase from the Soviet bloc. Although some countries, such as Angola and Ethiopia, became allies for a while, the connections proved temporary. With the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991, Russian influence greatly diminished.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Africa%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations
https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/empire/g2/cs3/background.htm
Four more ways the CIA has meddled in Africa
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-36303327
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwame_Nkrumah
The Berlin Conference is an example of the Western world's view on imperialism. The conference essentially constituted the division of the African continent among leaders of Western countries. The participating Western countries represented at the conference included Britain, France, Germany, Denmark, Italy, and others. Their goal was to address the struggle and competition for colonizing Africa. As if the continent was free property, Africa was divided and shared among the Western world.[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western_influence_on_Africa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Colonization_1945.png
south vietnamese life under french colonialism
The French justified their rule of Indochina by the idea that they were bringing into light and liberty the races and peoples still enslaved by ignorance and despotism'. In reality Vietnam was treated as a huge plantation fuelling French industrialization.
Many thousands of Vietnamese died labouring in appalling conditions on rubber plantations; rice was exported despite the starving local people. There were periodic revolts - but the resistance was notorganized enough to succeed against a ruthless French security system. Vietnamese nationalism awaited a rallying force.
https://newint.org/features/1991/02/05/simply
- more overhang from the colonial/imperialist/religous era. My gut feeling is that a racism is one area of it? Interesting thing is the white superiority issue is present in many former colonies such as in South America, Africa, Asia, etc? One bizarre and funny thing is how different shades of white/black can lead to discrimination? The lighter your skin the better the world's perception of you? What happens if someone catches you during a warm summer and end up with a bad tan? Do people discriminate against you more?
Because the country has a long history of miscegenation, color lines in Brazil have long been blurred.[3] The Brazilian census organizes the population into five, albeit imperfect, racial groups. These are branco (white), preto (black), pardo (brown, or multi-racial), amarelo (yellow, or Asian), and indígena (indigenous). Because there was never a legal genetic definition for these categories, throughout history, each of these racial groups has been defined in different ways. Racial classification in Brazilian society is often inconsistent and influenced by a myriad of factors including: class, status, education, location and phenotype.[3] For example, a light-skinned multiracial person who held an important, well-paying position in society may be considered branco while someone else with the same ethnogenetic make up who had darker skin or was of a lower class may be considered pardo or even preto.
Discrimination based on skin color, also known as colorism or shadeism, is a form of prejudice or discrimination usually from members of the same race in which people are treated differently based on the social implications from cultural meanings attached to skin color.[1]
When people think of racism it is usually against people outside of their ethnicity. Colorism is discrimination against people because they have a darker complexion. The idea of racism and colorism are similar. Someone with a lighter complexion is considered to be more beautiful or valuable than someone with dark skin.[2]
Research has found extensive evidence of discrimination based on skin color in criminal justice, business, the economy, housing, health care, media, and politics in the United States and Europe. Lighter skin tones are seen as preferable in many countries in Africa, Asia and South America.
In 1985, 27 years after being taken, Hill was reunited with her mother, who told her about the years she had spent as a maidservant in the homes of white people.
"She never felt like she belonged, she always felt a sense of alienation, a sense of isolation and a sense of unacceptance from the white people around her," Hill recalls.
"I could relate to it because I felt the same thing. Not at the level she did but … everyone knew I was Aboriginal and they kind of looked down at me."
Building off a previous self-portrait, and inspired by her mother's experiences, she painted the "Home-maker" series (which includes The Cakemaker).
Each painting in the series depicts an Aboriginal woman in a bookah (kangaroo-skin cloak) in a brightly-coloured domestic setting. In contrast, the white people of the Home-maker series are rendered in grey tones.
Hill's mother and aunty had been at the Moore River Native Settlement when AO Neville, Western Australia's notorious Chief Protector of Aborigines, visited to examine their skin.
Lighter-skinned Aboriginal children, like Hill's mother and aunty, were then sent to Sister Kate's children's home (with the mission to "breed out the black") — the same orphanage Hill was later sent to.
"So the grading that he [Neville] was doing to determine the colour level of an Aboriginal child, I put that back on the white people by making them different shades of grey," the artist explains.
- slavery is sort of maintained/enforced via capitalism and the way we layout society now? Notice how many terms and concepts are so similar from era of slavery, feudalism, into capitalism? That's why social mobility is so difficult for people? It doesn't matter whether it's a bunch of conspiracies or whether capitalism was a compromise from feudalism and slavery. It's a de-facto monarchy and bloodline based lives in many countries?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/09/thinking-like-political-elite-random.html
Keiser Report _ Laundering Feudalism _ E1546
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g6anmSlicgs
CC Podcast #96 - DNC Propaganda, Impeachment Backfires, & Corporate Promotion of Sex Slavery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eRKtj4QnW7c
A Moral Debt - The Legacy of Slavery in the USA _ Correspondent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EwDvCDs9k6s
A Moral Debt - The Legacy of Slavery in the USA _ Correspondent
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WrUz8nninx8
Fighting Slavery From Space _ 101 East
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V-_hdR9CKxE
The legacy of slavery and Empire today _ Studio B, Unscripted (web extra)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YUJLoU8mOwU
American Revolution Waged For Slavery — Professor Gerald Horne
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAHHtVUIHtE
Inside Saudi Arabia - Butchery, Slavery & History of Revolt
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rezvemRMelQ
Debate - The West Should Pay Reparations for Slavery
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HboI2t5_M4I
Is France breaking with its colonial past in Africa _ Inside Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=04xx4fUFKZ0
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith
Revealed - The Economist Magazine's Role in US-Backed Coups & The Rise of Neoliberal Capitalism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pjYj3JM-VrE
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1607529027892/apples-gold-the-iphone-supply-chain-apples-gold
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncle_Ben's
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aunt_Jemima
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream_of_Wheat
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mrs._Butterworth's
companies involved with slavery
https://www.antislavery.org/slavery-today/slavery-in-global-supply-chains/
http://ethicalcorp.com/we-know-most-global-companies-have-modern-slavery-their-supply-chains
https://theconversation.com/we-analysed-101-companies-statements-on-modern-slavery-heres-what-we-found-95561
How many slaves do you think you have?
It's a startling question and most, if not all, of us would say we've got no slaves at all.
But the reality is you've probably got plenty of slaves working for you around the world; making your clothes, producing your food and even cleaning your house.
Modern slavery is very real; there are around 25 million slaves worldwide and about 4,300 modern slaves in Australia, according to the Australian Human Rights Law Centre.
Almost every country in the world has laws against slavery and the practice was banned globally by the United Nations in 1926 and again in 1953.
Even so, the Australian Government has just introduced new legislation - aptly named the Modern Slavery Bill 2018 - to try and combat the numbers.
The bill would require companies making more than $100 million a year to report any slavery risks in their supply chains and what they are doing to prevent it, implicating around 3,000 businesses.
https://www.abc.net.au/triplej/programs/hack/modern-slavery/9925748
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Famine_(Ireland)
Founded in 1843, The Economist was first circulated by Scottish economist James Wilson to muster support for abolishing the British Corn Laws (1815–46), a system of import tariffs. Over time, the newspaper's coverage expanded further into political economy and eventually began running articles on current events, finance, commerce, and British politics. Throughout the mid- to late- 20th century, it greatly expanded its layout and format, adding opinion columns, special reports, political cartoons, reader letters, cover stories, art critique, book reviews, and technology features. The paper is often recognizable by its fire-engine-red nameplate and illustrated, topical covers. Individual articles are written anonymously, with no byline, in order for the paper to speak as one collective voice. The paper is supplemented by its sister lifestyle magazine, 1843, and a variety of podcasts, films, and books.
The editorial stance of The Economist primarily revolves around classical, social, and most notably, economic liberalism. Since its founding, it has supported radical centrism, favoring policies and governments that maintain centrist politics. The newspaper typically champions neoliberalism, particularly free markets, free trade, free immigration, deregulation, and globalisation. Despite a pronounced editorial stance, it is seen as having little reporting bias, rigorous fact checking and strict copy editing.[9][10] Its extensive use of word play, subscription prices, and typical depth of coverage has linked the paper with a high-income and educated readership, drawing both positive and negative connotations in the Western World.[11][12] In line with this, it claims to have influential readership of prominent business leaders and policy-makers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Economist
https://www.amazon.com/Leaders-Digest-Economist-Captured-Hearts/dp/1781686246
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were people from Central and West Africa, who had been sold by other West Africans to Western European slave traders (with a small number being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids), who brought them to the Americas.[1] The South Atlantic and Caribbean economies were particularly dependent on labour for the production of sugarcane and other commodities. This was viewed as crucial by those Western European states which, in the late 17th and 18th centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires.[2]
The Portuguese, in the 16th century, were the first to engage in the Atlantic slave trade. In 1526, they completed the first transatlantic slave voyage to Brazil, and other Europeans soon followed.[3] Shipowners regarded the slaves as cargo to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible,[2] there to be sold to work on coffee, tobacco, cocoa, sugar, and cotton plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, the construction industry, cutting timber for ships, in skilled labour, and as domestic servants. While the first Africans kidnapped to the English colonies were classified as indentured servants, with a similar legal standing as contract-based workers coming from Britain and Ireland, by the middle of the 17th century, slavery had hardened as a racial caste, with African slaves and their future offspring being legally the property of their owners, as children born to slave mothers were also slaves (partus sequitur ventrem). As property, the people were considered merchandise or units of labour, and were sold at markets with other goods and services.
The major Atlantic slave trading nations, ordered by trade volume, were the Portuguese, the British, the French, the Spanish, the Dutch Empires, and the Danish, along with an occasional Norwegian. Several had established outposts on the African coast where they purchased slaves from local African leaders.[4] These slaves were managed by a factor, who was established on or near the coast to expedite the shipping of slaves to the New World. Slaves were imprisoned in a factory while awaiting shipment. Current estimates are that about 12 million to 12.8 million Africans were shipped across the Atlantic over a span of 400 years,[5][6]:194 although the number purchased by the traders was considerably higher, as the passage had a high death rate with approximately 1.2–2.4 million dying during the voyage and millions more died in seasoning camps in the Caribbean after arrival to the New World. Millions of slaves also died as a result of slave raids, wars and during transport to the coast for sale to European slave traders.[7][8][9][10] Near the beginning of the 19th century, various governments acted to ban the trade, although illegal smuggling still occurred. In the early 21st century, several governments issued apologies for the transatlantic slave trade.
billionaires by nationality
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_the_number_of_billionaires
Wolff Responds - End Stage Capitalism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Iq41hyEtnmw
Feudalism was a combination of legal, economic, military and cultural customs that flourished in Medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structuring society around relationships that were derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labour. Although it is derived from the Latin word feodum or feudum (fief),[1] which was used during the Medieval period, the term feudalism and the system which it describes were not conceived of as a formal political system by the people who lived during the Middle Ages.[2] The classic definition, by François-Louis Ganshof (1944),[3] describes a set of reciprocal legal and military obligations which existed among the warrior nobility and revolved around the three key concepts of lords, vassals and fiefs.[3]
A broader definition of feudalism, as described by Marc Bloch (1939), includes not only the obligations of the warrior nobility but the obligations of all three estates of the realm: the nobility, the clergy, and the peasantry, all of whom were bound by a system of manorialism; this is sometimes referred to as a "feudal society". Since the publication of Elizabeth A. R. Brown's "The Tyranny of a Construct" (1974) and Susan Reynolds's Fiefs and Vassals (1994), there has been ongoing inconclusive discussion among medieval historians as to whether feudalism is a useful construct for understanding medieval society.[4][5][6][7][8][9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feudalism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vassal
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fief
Capitalism is an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit.[1][2][3][4] Characteristics central to capitalism include private property, capital accumulation, wage labor, voluntary exchange, a price system and competitive markets.[5][6] In a capitalist market economy, decision-making and investments are determined by every owner of wealth, property or production ability in financial and capital markets whereas prices and the distribution of goods and services are mainly determined by competition in goods and services markets.[7][8]
Economists, political economists, sociologists and historians have adopted different perspectives in their analyses of capitalism and have recognized various forms of it in practice. These include laissez-faire or free-market capitalism, welfare capitalism and state capitalism. Different forms of capitalism feature varying degrees of free markets, public ownership,[9] obstacles to free competition and state-sanctioned social policies. The degree of competition in markets, the role of intervention and regulation, and the scope of state ownership vary across different models of capitalism.[10][11] The extent to which different markets are free as well as the rules defining private property are matters of politics and policy. Most existing capitalist economies are mixed economies which combine elements of free markets with state intervention and in some cases economic planning.[12]
Market economies have existed under many forms of government and in many different times, places and cultures. Modern capitalist societies—marked by a universalization of money-based social relations, a consistently large and system-wide class of workers who must work for wages, and a capitalist class which owns the means of production—developed in Western Europe in a process that led to the Industrial Revolution. Capitalist systems with varying degrees of direct government intervention have since become dominant in the Western world and continue to spread. Over time, all capitalist countries have experienced consistent economic growth and an increase in the standard of living.[13]
Critics of capitalism argue that it establishes power in the hands of a minority capitalist class that exists through the exploitation of the majority working class and their labor; it prioritizes profit over social good, natural resources and the environment; and it is an engine of inequality, corruption and economic instabilities. Supporters argue that it provides better products and innovation through competition, promotes pluralism and decentralization of power, disperses wealth to all productive people who then invest in useful enterprises based on market demands, allows for a flexible incentive system where efficiency and sustainability are priorities to protect capital, creates strong economic growth and yields productivity and prosperity that greatly benefit society.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capitalism
Millions of people are being purged from US voter roles in swing states in violation of the law. They are disproportionately young, poor, or from ethnic minority backgrounds - people who would generally not vote for the Republican Party - award-winning journalist Greg Palast tells Sputnik.
https://sputniknews.com/analysis/202006031079506271-purges-will-screw-nearly-167-million-us-citizens-out-of-their-right-to-vote-muckraker-explains/
- many sources of frustration with regards to US led order? IMF linked to US/Western Empire right from the start? IMF/World Bank policy linked to US Foreign Policy. These policies created big growth in the US but at times the US was strapped for cash which meant it required money to come back to the US as well? Washington Consensus. Asian countries did well from IMF but Africans did horribly primarily due to low population levels owing to slavery period which exfiltrated huge levels. US/French/German/UK all had impact of centralising wealth of many African countries in urban areas and de-tribalising the country sides. IMF destroyed social infrastructure of many African countries? Fame and war followed. Latin America did worse off and triggered protests. Rhetoric included following words: progress, trickledown, modernisation, reform, revolution. Fear via military suppression used against population in Venezuela. Military wouldn't put up with being forced by government and IMF to follow their policies. Argentina had similar problem to bank crisis in Europe in 2008 except they defaulted on $130 Billion. 5 presidents in 10 days. 16.3% GDP down in first quarter of 2002, manufacting drop 20%. 52% went below poverty line, 20% could no longer afford sufficient food? Unemployment went to 23%, another 22% underemployed. New leaders did the opposite of what the IMF wanted which created stability. IMF policies continue in other parts of the world still in spite of troubles? Stiglitz/IMF considered overly academic/market fundamentalist. Only countries who appear to have benefited from IMF policies are US and China? George Soros appears to have reached same conclusion?
The World Today - IMF BEHIND BARS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qZczt3M2VKk
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=world+bank+rig
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=imf+rig
Original sense: Williamson's Ten Points
The concept and name of the Washington Consensus were first presented in 1989 by John Williamson, an economist from the Institute for International Economics, an international economic think tank based in Washington, D.C.[3] Williamson used the term to summarize commonly shared themes among policy advice by Washington-based institutions at the time, such as the International Monetary Fund, World Bank, and U.S. Treasury Department, which were believed to be necessary for the recovery of countries in Latin America from the economic and financial crises of the 1980s.[citation needed]
The consensus as originally stated by Williamson included ten broad sets of relatively specific policy recommendations:[1]
Fiscal policy discipline, with avoidance of large fiscal deficits relative to GDP;
Redirection of public spending from subsidies ("especially indiscriminate subsidies") toward broad-based provision of key pro-growth, pro-poor services like primary education, primary health care and infrastructure investment;
Tax reform, broadening the tax base and adopting moderate marginal tax rates;
Interest rates that are market determined and positive (but moderate) in real terms;
Competitive exchange rates;
Trade liberalization: liberalization of imports, with particular emphasis on elimination of quantitative restrictions (licensing, etc.); any trade protection to be provided by low and relatively uniform tariffs;
Liberalization of inward foreign direct investment;
Privatization of state enterprises;
Deregulation: abolition of regulations that impede market entry or restrict competition, except for those justified on safety, environmental and consumer protection grounds, and prudential oversight of financial institutions;
Legal security for property rights.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Consensus
The Caracazo, or sacudón, is the name given to the wave of protests, riots, looting, shootings and massacres that started on 27 February 1989 in Guarenas, spreading to Caracas and surrounding towns.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caracazo
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argentine_debt_restructuring
"The WTO may not be perfect, but it is indispensable all the same. It is what keeps us from a world where the law of the jungle prevails, at least as far as trade is concerned."
The Trump administration has repeatedly accused the global trade watchdog of having strayed from its purpose to liberalise and protect markets, and that conditions around China's entry into the organisation in 2001 have led to millions of American job losses.
Asked about Mr Azevedo's exit, Mr Trump, who had previously said the US would leave the organisation if it didn't change, said he was "OK with it".
"We've been treated very badly... They treat China as a developing nation. Therefore China gets a lot of the benefits that the US doesn't get," he added.
Mr Azevedo's departure comes at an especially difficult time for the WTO, with global trade expected to slump to historic lows as measures to slow the spread of Covid-19 shut down economic activity around the world.
At the same time the Geneva-based body last year saw one of its main functions, arbitrating trade disputes, hobbled by the US.
Washington's dispute with the WTO has seen it block the appointment of judges to the organisation's top court, called the Appellate Body, since December 2019. It means it has too few officials to rule on major trade disputes between countries.
Along with the US, other WTO members, including Japan and the European Union, have pushed for the WTO to make far-reaching reforms.
They argue that global trading rules need to reflect new realities, notably the rise of China as a powerful economy, and address problems such as state subsidies and forced technology transfers.
https://www.bbc.com/news/business-52659406
- neo-liberalism doesn't work? Ecuador lost their currency and had to switch to USD. Many people left Ecuador/Argentina/South America. Wealth isn't the problem, inequality is. Ecuador infiltrated by CIA and other foreign powers. Vacuum that de-regulation creates allows the wealthy and powerful to move in and expand their power. They wanted to get rid of Free Trade Agreements and US military base? US uses political and military power to protect corporate power. Oil spill/pollution 18x larger then Exon Valdez in Ecuador caused by Chevron/Texaco. They tried to sue but didn't really get anywhere
On Contact - Political Persistence with Ecuador’s Minister of Foreign Affairs, Guillaume Long
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kAWNZVY8iy4
https://tradingeconomics.com/ecuador/gdp-growth
https://tradingeconomics.com/ecuador/gdp-growth-annual
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Long
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_Fernanda_Espinosa
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Len%C3%ADn_Moreno
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael_Correa
On Contact - Assange with Vijay Prashad
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=51kKQcnBjnk
ON CONTACT - Crucifying Julian Assange
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_hyZktgMp4Q
ON CONTACT - Julian Assange Extradition with Joe Lauria
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QXtpaWyNjKg
On Contact - Julian Assange w_UN Special Rapporteur on Torture
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fq_P9Nj6N58
The war of Wikileaks, Assange and other outlets exposing the inner workings of power
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4EVPBwrj3RI
- the following point is important. Those who are observant will notice that many world leaders and countries exhibit "strange behaviour". If you observe orphans, abused, inmates, and mentally ill people you'll notice very similar behaviour. The irony is this. Humans seem to have embraced a culture that is not too disimilar to "gangster culture" throughout society. Despite what we say about peace and love if you look around the world life is really difficult for a lot of people and humans haven't advanced much beyond animals (many may have even regressed?) in terms of social organisation in many places?
Last Chance High
Behind the gates of Australia’s ‘last chance’ school | Australian Story
outcome orphan
"There was no right, there was no wrong in the orphanage," Ruckel says. "You didn't know the difference because you were never taught. I was put in charge of kids and I treated them just the way they treated us. If you didn't listen to me, I'd beat you."
Researchers began studying the children in Romanian orphanages after the nation's brutal and repressive government was overthrown in 1989. At the time, there were more than 100,000 children in government institutions. And it soon became clear that many of them had stunted growth and a range of mental and emotional problems.
When Nelson first visited the orphanages in 1999, he saw children in cribs rocking back and forth as if they had autism. He also saw toddlers desperate for attention.
"They'd reach their arms out as though they're saying to you, 'Please pick me up,' " Nelson says. "So you'd pick them up and they'd hug you. But then they'd push you away and they'd want to get down. And then the minute they got down they'd want to be picked up again. It's a very disorganized way of interacting with somebody."
The odd behaviors, delayed language and a range of other symptoms suggested problems with brain development, Nelson says. So he and other researchers began studying the children using a technology known as electroencephalography (EEG), which measures electrical activity in the brain.
Many of the orphans had disturbingly low levels of brain activity. "Instead of a 100-watt light bulb, it was a 40-watt light bulb," Nelson says.
As the children grew older, the researchers were able to use MRI to study the anatomy of their brains. And once again, the results were troubling. "We found a dramatic reduction in what's referred to as gray matter and in white matter," Nelson says. "In other words, their brains were actually physically smaller."
The scientists realized the cause wasn't anything as simple as malnutrition. It was a different kind of deprivation — the lack of a parent, or someone who acted like a parent.
A baby "comes into the world expecting someone to take care of them and invest in them," Nelson says. "And then they form this bond or this relationship with this caregiver." But for many Romanian orphans, there wasn't even a person to take them out of the crib.
"Now what happens is that you're staring at a white ceiling, or no one is talking to you, or no one is soothing you when you get upset," Nelson says. So areas of the brain involved in vision and language and emotion don't get wired correctly.
Izidor Ruckel says he suspects the wiring in his brain was changed by his time in the orphanage. And that may have contributed to his troubles after leaving the institution.
In 1991, when he was 11, Ruckel was adopted by an American family and moved to San Diego. At first things went pretty well, he says. Then he began to have a lot of conflict with his adoptive parents. Ruckel says it wasn't their fault.
"I respond better when you beat me, or when you smack me around," he says. "That never happened. When you show me kindness, when you show me love, compassion, it seemed to make me even more angrier."
And those feelings became increasingly intense. "I felt angry to a point where I could feel my heart is turning black," Ruckel says. "And at the same time I have been raised in a Christian home. And you know with my Christian faith I always wondered, am I a child from hell? What went wrong with me?"
Scientists can't answer that question for Ruckel or any other individual. But they now know that, as a group, neglected or abandoned children tend to have abnormal circuitry in areas of the brain involved in parental bonding.
https://www.orphanslifeline.org/why-orphans
Vince Emanuele
https://www.greenleft.org.au/glw-authors/vincent-emanuele
Marines are routinely referred to as bitches, pussies, cunts, faggots and queers. The dominant culture’s ideology is firmly at work during training. You must implant the seeds of dehumanisation in order to convince 18-year-old kids to fly half way around the world to murder people. Therefore, Iraqis and Afghans were referred to as hajis, sand niggers, camel jockeys and towel heads.
Whatever limited moral compass I possessed at the time, those coordinates changed dramatically. In our spare time, my fellow Marines and I would frequent strip clubs, prostitution houses, pubs and drug dealers. Is that the life of “honour, courage and commitment”? I don’t think so.
Many Marines became indifferent to the killing and suffering of the Iraqi people as they watched their friends die. Of course this set up a situation where everyone was the enemy. Consequently, many of us interpreted the daily actions of those living in Iraq as threatening and many times responded with bullets, bombs, rockets and missiles. In short, we became heartless murderers and bandits. I watched as many of my fellow Marines robbed, beat and killed innocent Iraqis.
https://redflag.org.au/index.php/article/%E2%80%98everyone-was-enemy%E2%80%99
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=veterans+for+peace
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=parliament+fist+fight
Boxing Day brawl breaks out in Georgian parliament
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UyRCNJeqYU
Fistfight Breaks Out In Ukraine’s Parliament, Again _ NBC News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fT65rlutaC8
Fist fight in Parliament _ Nine News Australia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mKN_xsSbRZU
Fists Fly As Lawmakers Brawl In Turkish Parliament _ NBC News
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HwY3sm47nvc
Hong Kong parliament fist fight as pro China MP appointed chair of House Committee
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TB8wQayVjbg
India - Political debate ends in punch up
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ver5_wkK1Wk
In Ukraine, Fighting Communists on Floor of Parliament
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XzcA6Eo3dUs
Lawmakers Fist Fight During Ukrainian Parliamentary Meeting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KkJ8Zb9axi8
MP fires AK-47 during parliament session in Jordan
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ye751qMjBmc
Parliament showdown - Controversy and fist fights experienced at the national assembly
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hpe_JBrukCU
Raw - Epic Fight Breaks Out in Turkish Parliament
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vi96f4v5iC0
South African parliament erupts into fistfight
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gex3VwcPTSY
South African Politicians Break Into Fist Fight _ NowThis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y30VhFdENSA
Taiwanese parliament broke out into a water balloon and chair-throwing brawl
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mMvkusAI9DM
Ukraine parliament scrap - 2 MPs brutally fist fight over bill
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkh9Va8FD7E
- the Civilised Primate/Animal and Isolated Tribe Conundrum are interesting and confounding. It tell you that an education of the type that is commonly taught by Western powers is not required in order to achieve civil/social life. The notion of using superiority as a reason to lord over others goes out the window? We know for certain that many primate mothers will die for children before letting them go via stories of animal poaching. They seem to understand the concept of love?
chimpanzee attack hoima
isolated tribes
Original sin, also called ancestral sin,[1][2][3][4] is a Christian belief in a state of sin in which humanity has existed since the fall of man, stemming from Adam and Eve's rebellion in Eden, namely the sin of disobedience in consuming the forbidden fruit from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.[5] Theologians have characterized this condition in many ways, seeing it as ranging from something as insignificant as a slight deficiency, or a tendency toward sin yet without collective guilt, referred to as a "sin nature", to something as drastic as total depravity or automatic guilt of all humans through collective guilt.[6]
Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyon first alluded to the concept of original sin in the 2nd century in his controversy with certain dualist Gnostics.[7] Other church fathers such as Augustine (354–430) also shaped and developed the doctrine,[8][5] seeing it as based on the New Testament teaching of Paul the Apostle (Romans 5:12–21 and 1 Corinthians 15:21–22) and the Old Testament verse of Psalms 51:5.[9][10][11][12][13] Tertullian (c.  155 – c.  240), Cyprian, Ambrose and Ambrosiaster considered that humanity shares in Adam's sin, transmitted by human generation. Augustine's formulation of original sin after 412 was popular among Protestant reformers, such as Martin Luther and John Calvin, who equated original sin with concupiscence (or "hurtful desire"), affirming that it persisted even after baptism and completely destroyed freedom to do good. Before 412, Augustine said that free will was weakened but not destroyed by original sin.[5] But after 412 Augustine proposed that original sin involved a loss of free will except to sin.[14] Modern Augustinian Calvinism holds this later view. The Jansenist movement, which the Catholic Church declared heretical from 1653, also maintained that original sin destroyed freedom of will.[15] Instead the Catholic Church declares "Baptism, by imparting the life of Christ's grace, erases original sin and turns a man back towards God, but the consequences for nature, weakened and inclined to evil, persist in man and summon him to spiritual battle."[16] "Weakened and diminished by Adam's fall, free will is yet not destroyed in the race."[17]
The hadith teach that newborn babies cry because Satan touches them while they are being born, and that this touch causes people to have an aptitude for sin.[204] This doctrine bears some similarities to the doctrine of original sin.[204] Muslim tradition holds that only Jesus and Mary were not touched by Satan at birth.[204] However, when he was a boy, Muhammad's heart was literally opened by an angel, who removed a black clot that symbolized sin.[204]
https://www.dw.com/en/bayern-munichs-jerome-boateng-no-child-is-born-a-racist/a-53674096
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=elmer+fudd+be+very+quiet
Elmer Fudd - Be vewy vewy quiet. I'm hunting wabbits! (Laughs)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uzQ9kxs6RL8
elmer fudd be very quiet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8MWpnGI6qxQ
Elmer Fudd - Be very, very quiet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WzdxeBTm6gk
- territorial disputes everywhere. Many of them caused by external interference?
territorial disputes by country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_territorial_disputes
https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2014/03/map-every-country-in-the-world-involved-in-a-territorial-dispute/284533/
https://brilliantmaps.com/territorial-disputes/
China-India border dispute dates back to the British Empire era
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J0Ww0J9xMaU
https://www.news.com.au/technology/innovation/military/chinaindia-border-skirmish-155yearold-map-fuelling-dispute/news-story/329f11c92add8e54508c45d4f119f0ef
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/09/thinking-like-political-elite-random.html
- potentially some Nazi and World War hangover? Exacerbated by hybrid warfare?
As the occupier of France during the war years, Nazi Germany required almost 650,000 French people to work across the border during World War II, where they came into contact with their German hosts mostly through agricultural labor. In 1945, the shoe was clearly on the other foot. France's government enlisted as many German POWs as possible to work on the reconstruction of France. The situation was unlike that after World War I, when France's government had demanded mostly financial reparations from Germany.
Authorities in France had reckoned they would have the assistance of more than 2 million former German soldiers, but ultimately they had to make do with 1 million. Seventy percent of them came from POW camps administered by the United States.
In 1945, France's government sought to rejoin the ranks of the major global powers, but could scarcely meet domestic needs. It quickly became apparent that France was overstretched by the huge number of POWs. "The country's food supply at the time was catastrophic," Theofilakis said. For the POWs, there was even less food and clothing. It is estimated that 40,000 former German soldiers died. Others perished working in mines or clearing the land mines that Germany's Wehrmacht had left in France during the war. Theofilakis believes that the general shortages and postwar confusion was a larger factor in the treatment of the German POWs than hate or a desire for revenge.
...
Theofilakis believes that the experience of being POWs had a lasting effect. "The best thing that the French provided was the experience of living among the French," he said. "The Germans could see in everyday life that the propaganda of the Nazi regime about the French was devoid of reality."
But, ultimately, it was the politicians who would have to reconcile — and that took years. On January 22, 1963 — over 15 years after the last POWs had returned and almost five years after the German government financially compensated former soldiers for their time as prisoners — German Chancellor Konrad Adenauer and French President Charles de Gaulle signed the Elysee Treaty in Paris.
https://www.dw.com/en/after-wwii-german-pows-were-enlisted-to-rebuild-france/a-53374941
Active measures (Russian: активные мероприятия, romanized: aktivnye meropriyatiya) is a term for the actions of political warfare conducted by the Soviet and Russian security services (Cheka, OGPU, NKVD, KGB, FSB) to influence the course of world events, in addition to collecting intelligence and producing "politically correct" assessments of it.[1] Active measures range "from media manipulations to special actions involving various degrees of violence". Beginning in the 1920s,[2] they were used both abroad and domestically. They included disinformation, propaganda, counterfeiting official documents, assassinations, and political repression, such as penetration into churches, and persecution of political dissidents.[1]
Active measures included the establishment and support of international front organizations (e.g. the World Peace Council); foreign communist, socialist and opposition parties; wars of national liberation in the Third World; and underground, revolutionary, insurgency, criminal, and terrorist groups.[1] The intelligence agencies of Eastern Bloc states also contributed to the program, providing operatives and intelligence for assassinations and other types of covert operations.[1]
Retired KGB Maj. Gen. Oleg Kalugin, former Head of Foreign Counter Intelligence for the KGB (1973-1979), described active measures as "the heart and soul of Soviet intelligence": "Not intelligence collection, but subversion: active measures to weaken the West, to drive wedges in the Western community alliances of all sorts, particularly NATO, to sow discord among allies, to weaken the United States in the eyes of the people of Europe, Asia, Africa, Latin America, and thus to prepare ground in case the war really occurs."[3]
Active measures was a system of special courses taught in the Andropov Institute of the KGB situated at SVR headquarters in Yasenevo, near Moscow. The head of the "active measures department" was Yuri Modin, former controller of the Cambridge Five spy ring.[1]
Active measures have continued in the post-Soviet era in Russia. In testimony before the Senate Intelligence Committee hearing on the US policy response to Russian interference in the 2016 elections, Victoria Nuland, former US Ambassador to NATO referred to herself as "a regular target of Russian active measures."[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_measures
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French-Soviet_Joint_Declaration_of_June_30,_1966
A fifth column is any group of people who undermine a larger group from within, usually in favor of an enemy group or nation. The activities of a fifth column can be overt or clandestine. Forces gathered in secret can mobilize openly to assist an external attack.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fifth_column
- lots of internal conflicts within religions as well as between them
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/02/life-in-afghanistan-random-stuff-and.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
India's lockdown - Narratives of inequality and Islamophobia _ The Listening Post (Full)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OhLCZluvGZc
Islamophobia in Europe - Why won't Poland take in any Muslims _ UpFront
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=asGHu2NzvbI
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_people
self hating jew
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-hating_Jew
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2009/oct/05/self-hating-jew-antisemitism
https://www.versobooks.com/blogs/3861-on-the-myth-of-jewish-self-hatred
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia%E2%80%93Sunni_relations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shia_Islam
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunni_Islam
Lutheranism is one of the largest branches of Protestantism that identifies with the teachings of Martin Luther, a 16th-century German reformer. Luther's efforts to reform the theology and practice of the church launched the Protestant Reformation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutheranism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%E2%80%93West_Schism
The Church of England (C of E) is the established church of England.[3][4][5] The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor. The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century, and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury.[6][7][8]
The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534.[9] The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI's regents, before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip. The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach, and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed:
Catholic in that it views itself as a part of the universal church of Jesus Christ in unbroken continuity with the early apostolic church. This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers, as formalised in the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian creeds.[10]
Reformed in that it has been shaped by some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation, in particular in the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer.[10]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Church_of_England
bds movement
https://bdsmovement.net/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions
https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/27/world/middleeast/bds-israel-boycott-antisemitic.html
creationism vs evolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation%E2%80%93evolution_controversy
https://www.scientificamerican.com/report/creationism-vs-evolution/
https://www.npr.org/sections/thetwo-way/2014/02/06/272535141/who-won-the-creation-vs-evolution-debate
flat earth society
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_flat_Earth_societies
https://wiki.tfes.org/The_Flat_Earth_Wiki
https://www.sciencealert.com/the-flat-earth-society-responded-elon-musk-twitter-beautiful-mars-conspiracy
nofap movement
https://www.vice.com/en_ca/article/mvk5e4/dipping-my-dick-in-the-nofap-movement
https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2019/sep/09/whats-causing-women-to-join-the-nofap-movement
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NoFap
https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/women-who-stray/201503/the-nofap-phenomenon
https://www.healthline.com/health/nofap-benefits
https://www.healthline.com/health/can-masturbating-make-your-penis-larger-or-smaller
https://www.reddit.com/r/NoFap/
masturbation statistics
Results Across age groups, more males (73.8%) reported masturbation than females (48.1%). Among males, masturbation occurrence increased with age: at age 14 years, 62.6% of males reported at least 1 prior occurrence, whereas 80% of 17-year-old males reported ever having masturbated.
https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/1107656
https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/worlds-largest-masturbation-survey-uncovers-how-traditional-views-of-masculinity-prevent-men-from-having-fulfilling-sex-lives--relationships-300638644.html
https://www.psychologytoday.com/au/blog/all-about-sex/200903/how-common-is-masturbation-really
gun rights movement
https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2020/03/how-michael-bloomberg-bought-the-gun-control-movement/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States
http://www.opensecrets.org/news/issues/guns
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
- heaps of unresolved conflicts from previous wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kashmir_conflict
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/02/life-in-iran-examining-prophetspre-cogs.html
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iranian_Revolution
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%E2%80%93Iraq_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_disputes_in_the_South_China_Sea
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/12/what-is-intifada-random-stuff-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/09/inside-north-korea-russia-vs-usa-part-3.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/11/china-background-economic-warfare-and.html
- human superiority over animals has basically been ingrained in many religions. That said, it seems more obvious that they have better treatment in the Eastern (Buddhism/Hindu) religions? Sexual relations between humans and animals started in 10,000 BCE with evidence provided via European rock/cave art. Banning of sexual relations between humans and animals started in the Western/Middle Eastern religions but it's obvious that there are places where this still occurs?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/10/human-like-animal-behaviours-and.html
beastiality statistics
http://jaapl.org/content/early/2019/05/16/JAAPL.003836-19
https://wbsm.com/bestiality-is-much-more-widespread-than-you-think-phil-osophy/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_bestiality_by_country_or_territory
https://www.indy100.com/article/us-states-bestiality-still-legal-7451731
The Kinsey reports rated the percentage of people who had sexual interaction with animals at some point in their lives as 8% for men and 3.6% for women, and claimed it was 40–50% in people living near farms,[9] but some later writers dispute the figures, because the study lacked a random sample in that it included a disproportionate number of prisoners, causing sampling bias. Martin Duberman has written that it is difficult to get a random sample in sexual research, and that even when Paul Gebhard, Kinsey's research successor, removed prison samples from the figures, he found the figures were not significantly changed.[16]
By 1974, the farm population in the USA had declined by 80 percent compared with 1940, reducing the opportunity to live with animals; Hunt's 1974 study suggests that these demographic changes led to a significant change in reported occurrences of bestiality. The percentage of males who reported sexual interactions with animals in 1974 was 4.9% (1948: 8.3%), and in females in 1974 was 1.9% (1953: 3.6%). Miletski believes this is not due to a reduction in interest but merely a reduction in opportunity.[17]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoophilia
beastiality law origin
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legality_of_bestiality_by_country_or_territory#History
The history of zoophilia and bestiality begins in the prehistoric era, where depictions of humans and animals in a sexual context appear infrequently in European rock art.[1] Bestiality remained a theme in mythology and folklore through the classical period and into the Middle Ages (e.g. the Greek myth of Leda and the Swan)[2] and several ancient authors purported to document it as a regular, accepted practice—albeit usually in "other" cultures.
Explicit legal prohibition of human sexual contact with animals is a legacy of the Abrahamic religions:[2] the Hebrew Bible imposes the death penalty on both the person and animal involved in an act of bestiality.[3] There are several examples known from medieval Europe of people and animals executed for committing bestiality. With the Age of Enlightenment, bestiality was subsumed with other sexual "crimes against nature" into civil sodomy laws, usually remaining a capital crime.
Bestiality remains illegal in most countries. Arguments used to justify this include: it is against religion, it is a "crime against nature," and that non-human animals cannot give consent and that sex with animals is inherently abusive.[4] In common with many paraphilias, the internet has provided a connective platform for the zoophile community, which has lobbied for the recognition of zoophilia or zoosexuality as an alternative sexuality, and advocated for the legalisation of bestiality.[5]
...
Prehistory
Depictions of human sexual activity with animals appear infrequently in prehistoric art. Possibly the oldest depiction, and the only known example from the Palaeolithic (prior to the domestication of animals), is found in the Vale do Côa in Portugal. It shows a man with an exaggerated, erect penis juxtaposed with a goat. However, there is some doubt that the two figures are contemporary; while the goat is depicted in characteristic palaeolithic style, the scene may have been altered in a later period with the insertion of the human figure.[6]
From the Neolithic onwards, images of zoophilia are slightly more common. Examples are found at Coren del Valento, a cave in Val Camonica, Italy, containing rock art dating from 10,000 BCE to as late as the Middle Ages, one depicting a man penetrating a horse,[7] and Sagaholm, a Bronze Age cairn in Sweden where several petroglyphs have been found with similar scenes.[8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_zoophilia
https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/savage-inhuamne-disgusting-a-shocked-nation-outrages-over-the-killing-of-pregnant-elephant-in-kerala/articleshow/76195956.cms
zoos in islamic countries
https://www.jetpunk.com/user-quizzes/169898/countries-with-most-zoos
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_zoos_by_country
- homosexuality is important in so many different ways and perspective seems to stem from religion. Ironically, the religious interpretation sometimes seems naive? It basically says that homosexuality is an aberration/abnormality so horrible that it must be eradicated via death, retraining, etc... Methods tried thus far are sexual conversion, death, brainwashing, etc?  Animals seem to exhibit similar behaviour sometimes but others don't mind as long as they aren't forced to do something that isn't natural to them?
Censorship & Criminalizing Love
Vice: Synthetic Drug Revolution & Transsexuals of Iran Full Movie
The New Pope - Sharon Stone Pays a Visit (Season 1 Episode 5 Clip) _ HBO
Fifty years after homosexuality was decriminalised in England and Wales, 72 other countries and territories worldwide continue to criminalise same-sex relationships, including 45 in which sexual relationships between women are outlawed.
There are eight countries in which homosexuality can result in a death penalty, and dozens more in which homosexual acts can result in a prison sentence, according to an annual report by the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (ILGA).
Southern and east Africa, the Middle East and south Asia persist with the most draconian approaches. Western Europe and the western hemisphere are the most tolerant.
But Britain was by no means a frontrunner when it moved 50 years ago to partly decriminalise homosexuality. Some 20 other countries had already led the way, including France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Brazil and Argentina, all of whom had legalised it well before 1900.
right to exist
primate homosexuality
The observation of homosexual behavior in animals can be seen as both an argument for and against the acceptance of homosexuality in humans, and has been used especially against the claim that it is a peccatum contra naturam ("sin against nature"). For instance, homosexuality in animals was cited by the American Psychiatric Association and other groups in their amici curiae brief to the United States Supreme Court in Lawrence v. Texas, which ultimately struck down the sodomy laws of 14 states.[18][19]
...
Homosexual behavior in animals is sexual behavior among non-human species that is interpreted as homosexual or bisexual. This may include same-sex sexual activity, courtship, affection, pair bonding, and parenting among same-sex animal pairs.[1][2][3] Various forms of this are found in every major geographic region and every major animal group. The sexual behavior of non-human animals takes many different forms, even within the same species, though homosexual behavior is best known from social species.
Scientists perceive homosexual behavior in animals to different degrees. The motivations for and implications of these behaviors have yet to be fully understood.[citation needed] According to Bruce Bagemihl, the animal kingdom engages in homosexual behavior "with much greater sexual diversity – including homosexual, bisexual and nonreproductive sex – than the scientific community and society at large have previously been willing to accept."[4] Bagemihl adds, however, that this is "necessarily an account of human interpretations of these phenomena".[5] Simon LeVay stated that "[a]lthough homosexual behavior is very common in the animal world, it seems to be very uncommon that individual animals have a long-lasting predisposition to engage in such behavior to the exclusion of heterosexual activities. Thus, a homosexual orientation, if one can speak of such thing in animals, seems to be a rarity."[6] One species in which exclusive homosexual orientation occurs, however, is that of domesticated sheep (Ovis aries).[7][8] "About 10% of rams (males), refuse to mate with ewes (females) but do readily mate with other rams."[8]
According to Bagemihl (1999), same-sex behavior (comprising courtship, sexual, pair-bonding, and parental activities) has been documented in over 450 species of animals worldwide.[9]
homsexual murder
- East/West divide occurs on multiple levels. It seems to have been triggered when the East and West did not want to trade (the main countries that people talk about are China, India, and Japan), assimilate, interact? That led to military conquest by the West of the East? Imperialist thinking is the reason East works for less per unit of work versus the West and the same for the South? The system has been obviously rigged in favour for the West for a while now...
reason for white chinese
How did East Asians come to be referred to as yellow-skinned? It was the result of a series of racial mappings of the world and had nothing to do with the actual colour of people’s skin.
In fact, when complexion was mentioned by an early Western traveller or missionary or ambassador (and it very often wasn’t, because skin colour as a racial marker was not fully in place until the 19th century), East Asians were almost always called white, particularly during the period of first modern contact in the 16th century. And on a number of occasions, even more revealingly, the people were termed “as white as we are”.
The term yellow occasionally began to appear towards the end of the 18th century and then really took hold of the Western imagination in the 19th. But by the 17th century, the Chinese and Japanese were “darkening” in published texts, gradually losing their erstwhile whiteness when it became clear they would remain unwilling to participate in European systems of trade, religion, and international relations.
Calling them white, in other words, was not based on simple perception either and had less to do with pigmentation than their presumed levels of civilisation, culture, literacy, and obedience (particularly if they should become Christianised).
The Yellow Peril (also the Yellow Terror and the Yellow Spectre) is a color-metaphor that East Asians are an existential danger and threat to the Western world. As a psycho-cultural perception of menace from the Eastern world, fear of the Yellow Peril was more racial than national, a fear derived not from concern with a specific source of danger or from any one country or people, but from a vaguely ominous, existential fear of the faceless, nameless horde of yellow people opposite the Western world. As a form of xenophobia, the Yellow Terror is the fear of the non-white Other from the Orient, as imagined in the racialist book The Rising Tide of Color Against White World-Supremacy (1920) by Lothrop Stoddard.[1]
The racist ideology of the Yellow Peril is a "core imagery of apes, lesser men, primitives, children, madmen, and beings who possessed special powers", which are cultural representations of colored people that originated in the Graeco–Persian Wars (499–449 BC), between Ancient Greece and the Persian Empire; centuries later, Western imperialist expansion included East Asians to the Yellow Peril.[1][2]
In the late 19th century, the Russian sociologist Jacques Novikow coined the term in the essay "Le Péril Jaune" ("The Yellow Peril", 1897); later, Kaiser Wilhelm II, German Emperor (r. 1888–1918) used Yellow Peril racism to encourage the European empires to invade, conquer, and colonize China.[3] To that end, the Kaiser presented the Asian victory in the Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) as a racialist threat to the white citizens of Western Europe, and represented China and Japan in alliance[citation needed] to conquer, subjugate, and enslave the Western world.
The sinologist Wing-Fai Leung explained the fantastic origins of the term and the derived racialist ideology: "The phrase yellow peril (sometimes yellow terror or yellow spectre) . . . blends Western anxieties about sex, racist fears of the alien Other, and the Spenglerian belief that the West will become outnumbered and enslaved by the East."[4] The academic Gina Marchetti identified the psycho-cultural fear of East Asians as "rooted in medieval fears of Genghis Khan and the Mongol invasions of Europe [1236–1291], the Yellow Peril combines racist terror of alien cultures, sexual anxieties, and the belief that the West will be overpowered and enveloped, by the irresistible, dark, occult forces of the East";[5]:2 hence, in light of Japanese imperial militarism, the West included Japanese people to Yellow Peril racism. Moreover, in the late-19th and early-20th centuries, writers developed the Yellow Peril literary topos into codified, racialist motifs of narrative fiction, especially in novels and stories in the genres of invasion literature and colonial adventure, of racial war and science fiction.[6][7]
why are japanese skin white
Summary
Although skin tone differs based on a person's racial background, those with fair skin have difficulty maintaining[clarification needed] skin tone due to melanin production. In Japan the preference for skin that is white and free of blemishes has been documented since at least the Heian period (794–1185), as in books like The Pillow Book and The Tale of Genji.[1] There is an old proverb "white skin covers the seven flaws" (色の白いは七難隠す, iro no shiroi wa shichinan kakusu) which refers to a white-skinned woman being beautiful even if her features are not attractive.
Following Japanese colonial rule in Taiwan (1895–1945), Taiwanese women were consumers of Japanese skin whitening products in the 20th century. Mainland China has also become a large market for bihaku products from companies like Shiseido, Shu Uemura and SK-II in the 21st century. Further expansion into pan-Asian markets may be represented by Girls' Generation partnership with Dior in 2011 to advertise their lightening cream, appealing to Korean Wave culture consumers.[2]
Bihaku products are highly popular among mature women. They are also popular with teenage girls and those in their twenties who desire to look like pop singers, such as Ayumi Hamasaki, and are promoted in numerous youth fashion magazines such as Popteen and S Cawaii!. Bihaku products are also prevalent and a key item in numerous youth subcultures such as gyaru and ageha girls. An opposition to the idea of fair skin beauty grew with the gyaru subculture called "ganguro" in the 1990s although died out by the end of the 2000s.
Method
The popular method of bihaku is to use cosmetics that stop the production of melanin. Traditionally uguisu no fun was used to lighten and balance skin tone although today it is considered a luxury item. The most popular products often contain sake and rice bran which contain kojic acid.
For skin whitening cosmetics for use by the public, the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare has recognized a combination of active ingredients. These are mainly arbutin and kojic acid.[2] Other ingredients include vitamin C derivatives, tranexamic acid and ten-odd other types. Many of these active ingredients work through inhibiting catechol oxidase. Some types of BB cream, VIORIS products are also said to have skin whitening effects which contributes to the popularity of the cream in Asian markets.
As for other methods of skin whitening, other decolorizing chemicals can be used. Aesthetic skin decolorizing surgeries can also be performed, but excessive cleansings can cause a number of problems, such as facial inflammation, but in the 2000s this is in decline. Historically, the droppings of the Japanese bush-warbler (鴬, uguisu) have been used as an ingredient in face-washes for whitening skin.
In art history, literature and cultural studies, Orientalism is the imitation or depiction of aspects in the Eastern world. These depictions are usually done by writers, designers, and artists from the West. In particular, Orientalist painting, depicting more specifically "the Middle East",[1] was one of the many specialisms of 19th-century academic art, and the literature of Western countries took a similar interest in Oriental themes.
Since the publication of Edward Said's Orientalism in 1978, much academic discourse has begun to use the term "Orientalism" to refer to a general patronizing Western attitude towards Middle Eastern, Asian, and North African societies. In Said's analysis, the West essentializes these societies as static and undeveloped—thereby fabricating a view of Oriental culture that can be studied, depicted, and reproduced in service of imperial power. Implicit in this fabrication, writes Said, is the idea that Western society is developed, rational, flexible, and superior.[2]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientalism
More recently, the anti-globalization movement has arisen in opposition to corporate globalization, the process by which multinational corporations move their operations overseas to lower costs and increase profits. The anti-sweatshop movement has much in common with the anti-globalization movement. Both consider sweatshops harmful, and both have accused many companies (such as the Walt Disney Company, The Gap, and Nike) of using sweatshops. Some in these movements charge that neoliberal globalization is similar to the sweating system, arguing that there tends to be a "race to the bottom" as multinationals leap from one low-wage country to another searching for lower production costs, in the same way that sweaters would have steered production to the lowest cost sub-contractor.[41]
Various groups support or embody the anti-sweatshop movement today. The National Labor Committee brought sweatshops into the mainstream media in the 1990s when it exposed the use of sweatshop and child labor to sew clothing for Kathie Lee Gifford's Wal-Mart label. United Students Against Sweatshops is active on college campuses. The International Labor Rights Fund filed a lawsuit[42] on behalf of workers in China, Nicaragua, Swaziland, Indonesia, and Bangladesh against Wal-Mart charging the company with knowingly developing purchasing policies particularly relating to price and delivery time that are impossible to meet while following the Wal-Mart code of conduct. Labor unions, such as the AFL-CIO, have helped support the anti-sweatshop movement out of concern both for the welfare of workers in the developing world and those in the United States.[43]
Social critics complain that sweatshop workers often do not earn enough money to buy the products that they make, even though such items are often commonplace goods such as T-shirts, shoes, and toys. In 2003, Honduran garment factory workers were paid US$0.24 for each $50 Sean John sweatshirt, $0.15 for each long-sleeved T-shirt, and only five cents for each short-sleeved shirt – less than one-half of one percent of the retail price.[44] Even comparing international costs of living, the $0.15 that a Honduran worker earned for the long-sleeved T-shirt was equal in purchasing power to $0.50 in the United States.[45] In countries where labor costs are low, bras that cost US$5–7 apiece retail for US$50 or more in American stores. As of 2006, female garment workers in India earned about US$2.20 per day.[46]
Anti-globalization proponents cite high savings, increased capital investment in developing nations, diversification of their exports and their status as trade ports as the reason for their economic success rather than sweatshops[47][48][49] and cite the numerous cases in the East Asian "Tiger Economies" where sweatshops have reduced living standards and wages.[50] They believe that better-paying jobs, increased capital investment and domestic ownership of resources will improve the economies of sub-Saharan Africa rather than sweatshops. They point to good labor standards developing strong manufacturing export sectors in wealthier sub-Saharan countries such as Mauritius.[51]
Anti-globalization organizations argue that the minor gains made by employees of some of these institutions are outweighed by the negative costs such as lowered wages to increase profit margins and that the institutions pay less than the daily expenses of their workers.[52][53][54] They also point to the fact that sometimes local jobs offered higher wages before trade liberalization provided tax incentives to allow sweatshops to replace former local unionized jobs.[55] They further contend that sweatshop jobs are not necessarily inevitable.[56][57] Éric Toussaint claims that quality of life in developing countries was actually higher between 1945 and 1980 before the international debt crisis of 1982 harmed economies in developing countries causing them to turn to IMF and World Bank-organized "structural adjustments"[58] and that unionized jobs pay more than sweatshop ones overall – "several studies of workers producing for US firms in Mexico are instructive: workers at the Aluminum Company of America's Ciudad Acuna plant earn between $21.44 and $24.60 per week, but a weekly basket of basic food items costs $26.87. Mexican GM workers earn enough to buy a pound of apples in 30 minutes of work, while GM workers in the US earn as much in 5 minutes."[59] People critical of sweatshops believe that "free trade agreements" do not truly promote free trade at all but instead seek to protect multinational corporations from competition by local industries (which are sometimes unionized).[60] They believe free trade should only involve reducing tariffs and barriers to entry and that multinational businesses should operate within the laws in the countries they want to do business in rather than seeking immunity from obeying local environmental and labor laws. They believe these conditions are what give rise to sweatshops rather than natural industrialization or economic progression.
In some countries, such as China, it is not uncommon for these institutions to withhold workers' pay.[61]
According to labor organizations in Hong Kong, up to $365 million is withheld by managers who restrict pay in exchange for some service, or don't pay at all.[62]
Furthermore, anti-globalization proponents argue that those in the West who defend sweatshops show double standards by complaining about sweatshop labor conditions in countries considered enemies or hostile by Western governments, while still gladly consuming their exports but complaining about the quality.[50] They contend that multinational jobs should be expected to operate according to international labor and environmental laws and minimum wage standards like businesses in the West do.[63]
Labor historian Erik Loomis claims that the conditions faced by workers in the United States in the Gilded Age have been replicated in developing countries where Western corporations utilize sweatshop labor. In particular, he compares the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire in 1911 New York to the collapse of Rana Plaza in 2013 Bangladesh. He argues that the former galvanized the population to political activism that eventually pushed through reforms not only pertaining to workplace safety, but also the minimum wage, the eight-hour day, workers' compensation, Social Security the Clean Air Act, and the Clean Water Act. American corporations responded by shifting production to developing nations where such protections did not exist. Loomis elaborates:
So in 2013, when over 1100 workers die at Rana Plaza in Bangladesh, it is the same industry as the Triangle Fire, with the same subcontracted system of production that allows apparel companies to avoid responsibility for work as the Triangle Fire, and with the same workforce of young and poor women, the same type of cruel bosses, and the same terrible workplace safety standards as the Triangle Fire. The difference is that most of us can't even find Bangladesh on a map, not to mention know enough about it to express the type of outrage our ancestors did after Triangle. This separation of production from consumption is an intentional move by corporations precisely to avoid being held responsible by consumers for their actions. And it is very effective.[64]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweatshop
Debt Imperialism Is Making The Covid Crisis Worse ft. Grace Blakeley #GlobalSouth
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IqK70ELrUns
How Capitalists Exploit Countries In The Core & Periphery - Wallerstein's World Systems Theory
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRLd7xJNn14
empire files youtube
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=empire+files
Empire Files
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCG29FnXZm4F5U8xpqs1cs1Q/videos
The Empire Files with Abby Martin
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLNAlnQ4hvLtTAJcIEcfvfHbMv2omP_rHC
https://www.youtube.com/user/telesurenglish/playlists
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+world+today+tariq+ali
The World Today with Tariq Ali
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2jL6qpuYAcQKCjRrmGDD2rVE0szr_qVE
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=on+contact+rt
On Contact with Chris Hedges
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLagVUKF7CUTRiG64CklL1AN0mbmNaETfp
World-systems theory (also known as world-systems analysis or the world-systems perspective)[1] is a multidisciplinary, macro-scale approach to world history and social change which emphasizes the world-system (and not nation states) as the primary (but not exclusive) unit of social analysis.[1][2]
"World-system" refers to the inter-regional and transnational division of labor, which divides the world into core countries, semi-periphery countries, and the periphery countries.[2] Core countries focus on higher skill, capital-intensive production, and the rest of the world focuses on low-skill, labor-intensive production and extraction of raw materials.[3] This constantly reinforces the dominance of the core countries.[3] Nonetheless, the system has dynamic characteristics, in part as a result of revolutions in transport technology, and individual states can gain or lose their core (semi-periphery, periphery) status over time.[3] This structure is unified by the division of labour. It is a world-economy rooted in a capitalist economy.[4] For a time, certain countries become the world hegemon; during the last few centuries, as the world-system has extended geographically and intensified economically, this status has passed from the Netherlands, to the United Kingdom and (most recently) to the United States.[3]
World-systems theory has been examined by many political theorists and sociologists to explain the reasons for the rise and fall of nations, income inequality, social unrest, and imperialism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World-systems_theory
https://www.amazon.com/Darker-Nations-Peoples-History-Third/dp/1595583424
https://thenewpress.com/books/darker-nations
The New World Order theory states that a group of international elites controls governments, industry, and media organizations, with the goal of establishing global hegemony. They are alleged to be implicated in most of the major wars of the last two centuries, to carry out secretly staged events, and to deliberately manipulate economies. Organizations alleged to be part of the plot include the Federal Reserve System, the Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission, the Bilderberg Group, the European Union, the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, Bohemian Grove,[56] Le Cercle[57] and Yale University society Skull and Bones.
The Discordian hoax has resulted in one of the world's foremost conspiracy theories, which claims that the "Illuminati" are secretly promoting the posited New World Order. Theorists believe that a wide range of musicians, including Beyoncé and Whitney Houston, have been associated with the "group".[58] Prominent theorists include Mark Dice and David Icke.[59]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_conspiracy_theories
Blakeley identifies as a democratic socialist[14] and supports the use of capital controls,[15] calling them necessary to "avoid economic blackmail by the markets" and protect the economy from financial flows.[16] She opposes financial globalisation, arguing that it concentrates capital into financial centres that are more integrated into the global economy than they are with their own countries and leads to unfair trading practices that prevent countries from being able to protect their infant industries.[17] Blakeley supports keeping interest rates low to prevent increased capital investment flows into financial assets and real estate, instead proposing greater public investment into the non-financial sectors to promote economic growth and raise living standards.[18] Blakely also supports local and regional devolution across the UK, reasoning that decentralising the country's "grossly unequal" economy is the only way to rebalance it.[19][20] She is critical of international law and European Union law in particular as a legal system, describing it as being selectively enforced "in the interests of the most powerful states" who are more able to influence its development than the weak, citing the Stability and Growth Pact as an example.[15] Blakeley supports Jeremy Corbyn's views on the economy and campaigned and voted for him in the 2015 and 2016 Labour leadership elections, though she criticised him in 2016 for failing to "challenge the hegemony of neoliberalism" in the way she had imagined he would.[15][21]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace_Blakeley
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
- I'm not sure whether it's fake history or not but it feels like North Empires formed first and then South. It was the North's (the Great Powers may have decided to compete/attack others rather then one another?) idea to sail across the seas to trade, spread their supposed "great wisdom", colonise others, etc? This perspective continues due to Great Power and Sphere of Influence thinking nowadays?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
History of the World - Every Year
The History of the World - Every Year
240 million years ago to 250 million years in the future
Human Population Through Time
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PUwmA3Q0_OE
The Monroe Doctrine was a United States policy that opposed European colonialism in the Americas. It began in 1823; however, the term "Monroe Doctrine" itself was not coined until 1850.[1] The Doctrine was issued on December 2, at a time when nearly all Latin American colonies of Spain and Portugal had achieved, or were at the point of gaining, independence from the Portuguese and Spanish Empires. It stated that further efforts by various European states to take control of any independent state in North or South America would be viewed as "the manifestation of an unfriendly disposition toward the United States."[2] At the same time, the doctrine noted that the U.S. would recognize and not interfere with existing European colonies nor meddle in the internal affairs of European countries.
President James Monroe first stated the doctrine during his seventh annual State of the Union Address to the Congress. The doctrine asserted that the New World and the Old World were to remain distinctly separate spheres of influence.[3] The separation intended to avoid situations that could make the New World a battleground for the Old World powers so that the U.S. could exert its influence undisturbed.[4] By the end of the 19th century, Monroe's declaration was seen as a defining moment in the foreign policy of the United States and one of its longest-standing tenets. The intent and impact of the doctrine persisted more than a century, with only small variations, and would be invoked by many U.S. statesmen and several U.S. presidents, including Ulysses S. Grant, Theodore Roosevelt, John F. Kennedy, and Ronald Reagan.
After 1898, the Monroe Doctrine was reinterpreted in terms of multilateralism and non-intervention by Latin American lawyers and intellectuals. In 1933, under President Franklin D. Roosevelt, the U.S. went along with this new reinterpretation, especially in terms of the Organization of American States.[5]
Great Britain shared the general objective of the Monroe Doctrine, and even wanted to declare a joint statement to keep other European powers from further colonizing the New World. The British feared their trade with the New World would be harmed if the other European powers further colonized it. In fact, for many years after the doctrine took effect, Britain, through the Royal Navy, was the sole nation enforcing it, the U.S. lacking sufficient naval capability.[4] The U.S. resisted a joint statement because of the recent memory of the War of 1812, however, the immediate provocation was the Russian Ukase of 1821[6] asserting rights to the Pacific Northwest and forbidding non-Russian ships from approaching the coast.[7][8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monroe_Doctrine
Operation Condor (Spanish: Operación Cóndor, also known as Plan Cóndor; Portuguese: Operação Condor) was a United States-backed campaign of political repression and state terror involving intelligence operations and assassination of opponents, officially and formally implemented in November 1975 by the right-wing dictatorships of the Southern Cone of South America.
The program, nominally intended to eradicate communist or Soviet influence and ideas, was created to suppress active or potential opposition movements against the participating governments' neoliberal economic policies, which sought to reverse the economic policies of the previous era.[6][7]
Due to its clandestine nature, the precise number of deaths directly attributable to Operation Condor is highly disputed. Some estimates are that at least 60,000 deaths can be attributed to Condor, roughly 30,000 of these in Argentina,[8][9] and the so-called "Archives of Terror" list 50,000 killed, 30,000 disappeared and 400,000 imprisoned.[5][10] American political scientist J. Patrice McSherry gives a figure of at least 402 killed in operations which crossed national borders in a 2002 source,[11] and mentions in a 2009 source that of those who "had gone into exile" and were "kidnapped, tortured and killed in allied countries or illegally transferred to their home countries to be executed... hundreds, or thousands, of such persons—the number still has not been finally determined—were abducted, tortured, and murdered in Condor operations."[1] Victims included dissidents and leftists, union and peasant leaders, priests and nuns, students and teachers, intellectuals and suspected guerrillas.[11] Although it was described by the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) as "a cooperative effort by the intelligence/security services of several South American countries to combat terrorism and subversion,"[12] guerrillas were used as an excuse, as they were never substantial enough to control territory, gain material support by any foreign power, or otherwise threaten national security.[13][14][15] Condor's key members were the governments in Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Paraguay, Bolivia and Brazil. Ecuador and Peru later joined the operation in more peripheral roles.[16][17]
The United States government provided planning, coordinating, training on torture,[18] technical support and supplied military aid to the Juntas during the Johnson, Nixon, Ford, Carter, and the Reagan administrations.[2] Such support was frequently routed through the CIA.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation_Condor
Muppet Show  In The Navy
Staying Alive - The muppets show
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jfIHkwSzayE
The Muppet Chickens sing Baby Face
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IBSWmIr9u-w
Muppets - Bohemian Rhapsody
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aNhlDekJW4
FEVER ~ Rita Moreno ~ The Muppet Show
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wjPqV8GXVQU
Muppets - Don't sugar me
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X92BNgXL1KA
Muppets - Beaker singing Feelings
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lf3BNRF9ICc
Pöpcørn _ Recipes with The Swedish Chef _ The Muppets
Swedish Chef - Meatballs
The Muppet Show Swedish Chef Compilation - Part 1
The Muppet Show Swedish Chef Compilation - Part 2
The Muppet Show Swedish Chef Compilation
best muppet show songs
Muppet songs
Muppets most wanted songs
- perception of prostitution comes from the religious and colonial world? Prostitution is semi-common in the animal world as well? Note that a lot of people are doing this to get are College girls looking to pay school fees are from poorer areas and backgrounds?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/filthy-rich-and-homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/sex-industry-uncovered
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/977484867927/stacey-dooley-mums-selling-their-kids-for-sex
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1528109635635/inside-sex-work-in-new-zealand
https://www.weeklyblitz.net/world/thai-sex-industry-hit-hard-by-coronavirus/
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1719483459748/sex-on-the-streets
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1719483459749/deep-inside-the-sex-factory
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1719483459750/britains-busiest-brothels
On Contact - The International Movement to Legalize Prostitution with Julie Bindel
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_1G8u-fQmH0
On Contact - The Reality of Prostitution with Rachel Moran
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2S2pE-Uoh6I
The dance industry is viewed with suspicion by some traditionally minded Indonesians, and the women’s misfortune in catching the virus served to reinforce some deeply held prejudices which hark back to the country’s experience under Dutch colonialism when many Indonesian dancers were forced to serve as prostitutes.
Miriam Weeks (born June 9, 1995),[1][2] known predominantly by her stage name of Belle Knox,[4] is an American former pornographic actress.[5] She is known for performing in pornography while studying at Duke University.[6][7][8]
Knox started doing pornography in 2013 to help pay for her $60,000 per year tuition costs. In late 2013, her career became publicly known on campus, and she faced extensive in-person and online harassment. Knox took a college-sanctioned break from Duke University in early 2014[9] and later returned to continue her studies.[10]
Subsequently, Knox has defended her decision to do the work publicly, as well as explaining her views of feminism and rights for sex workers.[6][7][11] She believes her experiences are indicative of the rising costs of higher education in the United States.[12][13]
Knox has won a 2014 Fanny Award and a 2015 XBIZ Award. 
primate prostitution
- anti-Irish/WOG hate/jokes seem to stem from British colonial era (likely a reaction to British Colonial rule)?
Danny boy (by Muppets)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=irzOBTV0xTE
https://www.youtube.com/user/superwog1/videos
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=simpsons+willie
Groundkeeper Willie funny moments
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHR8LUnedqw
The Simpsons - Best of Groundskeeper Willie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCsmqYWu8FE
Ultimate Groundskeeper Willie Compilation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cUF9XJamAK0
origin irish jokes
It can only be assumed that the Irish joke has survived the era of political correctness as a consequence of the fact that the Irish are white (i.e. not black) and that the successful English propaganda of the 1840s-1930s has created a global acceptance that the Famine was simply a tragedy or Act of God (and not the subject of deliberate genocide in the way that the Jews were in 1930s-40s Germany and its annexes. This, of course, totally glosses over the fact that Ireland of the 1840s had adequate food for its population but that its grain was being sold to England and the US, or being shipped to Australia to feed England's new colonies and convict settlements there – forcing the dispossessed native Irish to live off a single crop of potatoes grown on minuscule plots of land that were subdivided on every succession (Catholics were denied primogeniture succession rights under the anti-Catholic Penal Laws).
According to a new report, Discrimination and the Irish community in Britain, published yesterday by the Commission of Racial Equality, these cases are typical and illustrate the extent of the racial discrimination Irish people suffer in Britain.
Although the victims in these cases have successfully sued for racial discrimination, the chairman of the CRE, Sir Herman Ouseley, accused the British media of treating Irish racism as a joke. "We are not interested in humour and comedy, we are interested in harassment and humiliation," he said.
According to the report, Irish people, estimated to form 4.6 per cent of the population in Britain, are stereotyped as "being feckless, drunks and fraudsters". The two year study revealed that the pattern of the Irish community's development echoes that of the AfroCaribbean's.
A majority of Irish people live in poor rented accommodation, do not own a car and suffer from a high rate of unemployment. Irish men living in Britain are the only migrant group whose mortality is higher in Britain than in their country of origin.
Concluding that Irish people feel a "powerful sense of hurt and unjustified exclusion from an equal place in British society", the report urges the British government to recognise the Irish as a separate ethnic minority.
According to the report, 79 per cent of Irish people have been subject to abusive and insulting anti Irish jokes and remarks. With the level of Irish racism being worryingly high in the criminal justice system, Irish people have frequently been abused by the police and claim they have been treated differently in court because of their accents.
https://www.irishtimes.com/news/irish-suffering-in-britain-is-more-than-just-racist-jokes-1.85448
wog jokes origin
Wog is a slang word in the idiom of Australian English and British English. It is usually employed as an ethnic or racial slur, and considered derogatory and offensive.
Origin
The origin of the term is unclear. It was first noted by lexicographer F.C. Bowen in 1929, in his Sea Slang: a dictionary of the old-timers’ expressions and epithets, where he defines wogs as "lower class Babu shipping clerks on the Indian coast."[1] Many[2][3][4][5] dictionaries say "wog" probably derives from the golliwogg, a blackface minstrel doll character from a children's book, The Adventures of Two Dutch Dolls and a Golliwogg by Florence Kate Upton, published in 1895; or from pollywog, a dialect term for tadpole that is used in maritime circles to indicate someone who has not crossed the equator.[6]
Suggestions that the word is an acronym for "wily Oriental gentleman", "working on government service", or similar, are examples of false etymology.[7][8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wog
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_slurs
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigga
origin anti latino
https://www.history.com/news/the-brutal-history-of-anti-latino-discrimination-in-america
Anti-Mexican sentiment is an attitude towards people of Mexican descent, Mexican culture and/or accents of Mexican Spanish, most commonly found in the United States.
Its origins in the United States date back to the Mexican and American independence wars, and the struggle over the disputed Southwestern territories that once belonged to Spain through the establishment of Catholic missions. This eventually would lead to the war between the two nations and the defeat of Mexico, which came with a great loss of territory. In the 20th century, anti-Mexican sentiment continued to grow after the Zimmermann Telegram incident between the Mexican government during the Mexican Revolution and the German Empire during World War I.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Mexican_sentiment
Hispanophobia (from Latin Hispanus, "Spanish" and Greek φοβία (phobia), "fear") (or Anti-Spanish sentiment) is a fear, distrust of, aversion to, hatred of, or discrimination against the Spanish language, Hispanic people, and/or Hispanic culture. This historical phenomenon has had three main stages, originating in 16th-century Europe, reawakening during 19th-century disputes over Spanish and Mexican territory such as the Spanish–American and Mexican–American Wars, and finally in tandem with politically charged controversies such as bilingual education and illegal immigration to the United States. Within the complex of identity politics in Spain, Catalan, Basque, and Galician nationalism has also been identified with hispanophobic views and discourse.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hispanophobia
https://www.wbur.org/hereandnow/2019/11/25/history-violence-against-latinos
https://www.washingtonpost.com/outlook/a-history-of-anti-hispanic-bigotry-in-the-united-states/2019/08/09/5ceaacba-b9f2-11e9-b3b4-2bb69e8c4e39_story.html
anti russian origin
Anti-Russian sentiment (or Russophobia) is a fear and/or dislike for Russia, Russians and/or Russian culture.[2] A variety of mass culture clichés about Russia and Russians exist. Many of these stereotypes were originally developed in the Western world during the Cold War,[3][4] and were primarily used as elements of political war against the Soviet Union. Some of these prejudices are still observed in the discussions of the relations with Russia.[5] Negative representation of Russia and Russians in modern popular culture is also often described as functional, as stereotypes about Russia may be used for framing reality, like creating an image of an enemy, or an excuse, or an explanation for compensatory reasons.[6][7][8][9] Hollywood has been sometimes criticised for its excessive and continuous use of Russians as the villains.[10][11][12][13]
On the other hand, Russian nationalists and apologists of Russian politics are sometimes criticised for using allegations of "Russophobia" as a form of propaganda to counter criticism of Russia.[14][15]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment
anti american origin
Anti-Americanism (also called anti-American sentiment and Americanophobia)[2] is a sentiment which espouses dislike of the American government or opposes its policies, especially its foreign policy, or espouses dislike or hatred of the American people and the United States in general.[3]
Political scientist Brendon O'Connor of the United States Studies Centre in Australia suggests that "anti-Americanism" cannot be isolated as a consistent phenomenon, since the term originated as a rough composite of stereotypes, prejudices, and criticisms which evolved into more politically-based criticisms. French scholar Marie-France Toinet says that use of the term "anti-Americanism" is "only fully justified if it implies systematic opposition – a sort of allergic reaction – to America as a whole."[4]
Discussions on anti-Americanism have in most cases lacked a precise explanation of what the sentiment entails (other than a general disfavor), which has led to the term being used broadly and in an impressionistic manner, resulting in the inexact impressions of the many expressions described as anti-American.[5] Author and expatriate William Russell Melton described that criticism for the United States largely originates from the perception that the U.S. wants to act as a "world policeman".[6]
Negative or critical views of the United States or its influence are widespread in Russia, China, Cuba, Serbia, the Middle East, and North Korea,[7][8] but remain low in Vietnam, Israel, the Philippines, Sub-Saharan Africa, South Korea, and certain countries in central and eastern Europe.[7]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Americanism
https://www.pewresearch.org/global/2003/12/10/anti-americanism-causes-and-characteristics/
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/anti-American
- feminism a reaction of women being sick of being locked into particular roles in society such as only stay at home mother? There are some who have taken this to an extreme level though?
In March 2019 she published On Violence, with the publisher's blurb asking "Why is violence against women endemic, and how do we stop it?". Stott Despoja posits that violence against women is "Australia's national emergency", with one woman dying at the hands of her partner or someone she knows every week. This violence is preventable, and that we need to "create a new normal".[47]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natasha_Stott_Despoja
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-21/black-lives-matter-discussion-of-racism-and-privilege-exhausting/12374960
feminist movement
The feminist movement refers to a series of political campaigns for reforms on issues such as reproductive rights, domestic violence, maternity leave, equal pay, women's suffrage, sexual harassment, and sexual violence, all of which fall under the label of feminism and the feminist movement.
feminist
Feminism is a range of social movements, political movements, and ideologies that aim to define, establish, and achieve the political, economic, personal, and social equality of the sexes.[a][2][3][4][5] Feminism incorporates the position that societies prioritize the male point of view, and that women are treated unfairly within those societies.[6] Efforts to change that include fighting gender stereotypes and seeking to establish educational and professional opportunities for women that are equal to those for men.
Feminist movements have campaigned and continue to campaign for women's rights, including the right to vote, to hold public office, to work, to earn fair wages, equal pay and eliminate the gender pay gap, to own property, to receive education, to enter contracts, to have equal rights within marriage, and to have maternity leave. Feminists have also worked to ensure access to legal abortions and social integration and to protect women and girls from rape, sexual harassment, and domestic violence.[7] Changes in dress and acceptable physical activity have often been part of feminist movements.[8]
Some scholars consider feminist campaigns to be a main force behind major historical societal changes for women's rights, particularly in the West, where they are near-universally credited with achieving women's suffrage, gender-neutral language, reproductive rights for women (including access to contraceptives and abortion), and the right to enter into contracts and own property.[9] Although feminist advocacy is, and has been, mainly focused on women's rights, some feminists, including Bell Hooks, argue for the inclusion of men's liberation within its aims, because they believe that men are also harmed by traditional gender roles.[10] Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues concerning gender.[11][12]
Numerous feminist movements and ideologies have developed over the years and represent different viewpoints and aims. Some forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle class, and college-educated perspectives. This criticism led to the creation of ethnically specific or multicultural forms of feminism, including black feminism and intersectional feminism.[13]
slut culture
Slut-shaming is the practice of criticizing people, especially women and girls, who are perceived to violate expectations of behavior and appearance regarding issues related to sexuality.[1][2][3] The term is used to reclaim the word slut and empower women and girls to have agency over their own sexuality.[3] It may also be used in reference to gay men, who may face disapproval for sexual behaviors considered promiscuous.[1][4] Slut-shaming rarely happens to heterosexual men.[1]
Examples of slut-shaming include being criticized or punished for violating dress code policies by dressing in perceived sexually provocative ways, requesting access to birth control,[5][6][7] having premarital, casual, or promiscuous sex, engaging in prostitution,[8][9] or when being victim blamed for being raped or otherwise sexually assaulted.[10][11]
bitch culture
Bitch, literally meaning a female dog, is a pejorative slang word for a person—usually a woman—who is belligerent, unreasonable, malicious, a control freak, rudely intrusive or aggressive. When applied to a man, bitch is a derogatory term for a subordinate. Its original use as a vulgarism, documented from the fifteenth century, suggested high sexual desire in a woman, comparable to a dog in heat. The range of meanings has expanded in modern usage. In a feminist context, it can indicate a strong or assertive woman.
The word bitch is one of the most common curse words in the English language. According to Dr. Timothy Jay, there are "over 70 different taboo words," but 80 percent of the time only ten words are used, and bitch is included in this set.[1]
...
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the term bitch comes from the Old English word bicce or bicge, meaning "female dog", which dates to around 1000 CE. It may have derived from the earlier Old Norse word bikkja, also meaning "female dog".[2][3]
"Dog" has long been used as an insult toward both women and men. In ancient Greece, dog was often used in a derogatory sense to refer to someone whose behavior was improper or transgressive. This could include shamelessness or lack of restraint, lack of hospitality, lack of loyalty, and indiscriminate or excessive violence, among other qualities.[4] Over time, classicist C. Franco argues, a "persistent symbolic connection" developed between dogs and women in Greek literature that expressed and reinforced women's subordinate position in society and their supposedly inferior nature.[4]
There may also be a connection between less literal senses of bitch and the Greek goddess Artemis. As she is the goddess of the hunt, she was often portrayed with a pack of hunting dogs and sometimes transformed into an animal herself.[5] She was seen as free, vigorous, cold, impetuous, unsympathetic, beautiful.[6]
The earliest use of "bitch" specifically as a derogatory term for women dates to the fifteenth century.[2][3] Its earliest slang meaning mainly referred to sexual behavior, according to the English language historian Geoffrey Hughes:[7]
The early applications were to a promiscuous or sensual woman, a metaphorical extension of the behavior of a bitch in heat. Herein lies the original point of the powerful insult son of a bitch, found as biche sone ca. 1330 in Arthur and Merlin ... while in a spirited exchange in the Chester Play (ca. 1400) a character demands: "Whom callest thou queine, skabde bitch?" ("Who are you calling a whore, you miserable bitch?").
Bitch remained a strong insult through the nineteenth century. The entry in Francis Grose's Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue (1785) reads:
A she dog, or doggess; the most offensive appellation that can be given to an English woman, even more provoking than that of whore, as may be gathered from the regular Billinsgate or St Giles answer--"I may be a whore, but can't be a bitch."[8]
Throughout the word's evolution into the nineteenth century, it became gradually less offensive. The Oxford English Dictionary in the nineteenth century described the insult as “strictly a lewd or sensual woman”.[9] The word went through many similar phases throughout history. It was not until the 20th century that feminism began to reevaluate the term and its appropriation.[10]
In the 1920s, bitch became once again a common insult used against women. The term bitch became more popular in common language during this era. Between 1915 and 1930, the use of "bitch" in newspapers and literature more than doubled.[11] The writing of Ernest Hemingway popularized the more modern meaning of "bitch" in this era. He used it to represent favorable qualities such as ferocity, edginess, and grit.[12] It was during this time that women began gaining more freedom (such as the right to vote through the Nineteenth Amendment).[13] These new civil rights that women gained upset the male-dominated society, threatening misogynist men of the time feel threatened. The word "bitch" during the twenties meant "malicious or consciously attempting to harm", "difficult, annoying, or interfering", and "sexually brazen or overly vulgar".[14]
Throughout her autobiography, Baker takes on a similar light-hearted attitude in the face of both criticism and blatant sexism. 
Still, the humiliation she later endured as a lecturer in public health at the New York University Medical School wore even on her pragmatic sensibilities.
In 1915, the university dean asked Baker to teach a course on child hygiene for the newly formed Doctor of Public Health degree. Baker declined because as a woman, she was not allowed to attend the course herself.
“I can hardly be accused of acting unreasonable because I declined to act as teacher in an institution that considered me unfit for instruction,” she wrote.
But when the dean could find no one else, he relented, letting Baker both teach the course and enroll in the program for a public health degree. The university then was forced to open its doors to other female students.
Just as The Clinton Affair reclaims Lewinsky’s perspective, Hillary wrests back Hillary’s story by illuminating the ways in which her own chances at the presidency were compromised by the failures of the men around her. Hillary reveals how leaked sexts sent by Anthony Weiner, the husband of her top aide, Huma Abedin, sparked James Comey’s new investigation into her use of a private email server, fuelling rumours about her trustworthiness that had lingered since her husband was in office. In doing so, Hillary sheds new light on the age-old feminist struggle that demands women must be perfect to be taken seriously.
Almost three decades on, the Clintons’ 60 Minutes interview is a powerful testament of the their legacy. It raises questions that still loom large in our culture, about the role of good wives and good husbands, about whether feminism can truly elevate all women, about whether lapses in moral judgment compromise the ability to lead. But it also shows us that it’s impossible to reduce people to ciphers and that even events that have become symbolic are a consequence of specific moments in time. Since we were first introduced to the Clintons, the world has changed in ways we could never imagine.
When Hillary was asked, on an October 2019 ABC interview, to name the gutsiest thing she’d ever done, she replied, “make the decision to stay in my marriage”. Was she right? Only history will tell.
https://www.theguardian.com/sbs-on-demand/2020/may/25/how-revisiting-the-clinton-era-can-help-us-understand-the-world-we-live-in-now
- incel movement is a reaction to the "ultra-feminist"? Namely, feminists that have pushed things so far that it's difficult to know whether they hate all men?
Earlier Urkel's Funny Moments
Family Matters Compilation - 'Did I do that' (every moment)
Do the Urkel
Incels (/ˈɪnsɛlz/ IN-selz), a portmanteau of "involuntary celibates", are members of an online subculture who define themselves as unable to find a romantic or sexual partner despite desiring one.[1][2][3] Discussions in incel forums are often characterized by resentment, misogyny, misanthropy, self-pity and self-loathing, racism, a sense of entitlement to sex, and the endorsement of violence against sexually active people.[14] The American nonprofit Southern Poverty Law Center described the subculture as "part of the online male supremacist ecosystem" that is included in their list of hate groups.[15][16] Incels are mostly male and heterosexual.[10][12][17] Many sources report that incels are predominantly white, although a group of researchers have argued that there is no definitive proof to support this claim.[18][19][20][21] Estimates of the overall size of the subculture vary greatly, ranging from thousands to hundreds of thousands.[22][23]
At least six mass murders, resulting in a total of 44 deaths, have been committed since 2014 by men who have either self-identified as incels or who had mentioned incel-related names and writings in their private writings or Internet postings. Incel communities have been criticized by the media and researchers for being misogynistic, encouraging violence, spreading extremist views, and radicalizing their members.[2][24][25][20] Beginning in 2018, the incel ideology has increasingly been described as a terrorism threat, and a February 2020 attack in Toronto, Canada became the first instance of allegedly incel-related violence to be prosecuted as an act of terrorism.[20][26][27][28][29]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incel
- Bimbo, prostitue and Gold Digger culture linked? Just girls trying to make money?
bimbo culture
The word bimbo derives itself from the Italian bimbo,[4] a masculine-gender term that means "(male) baby" or "young (male) child" (the feminine form of the Italian word is bimba). Use of this term began in the United States as early as 1919, and was a slang word used to describe an unintelligent[5] or brutish[6] man, as in Portuguese.
It was not until the 1920s that the term bimbo first began to be associated with females. In 1920, Frank Crumit,[7] Billy Jones, and Aileen Stanley all recorded versions of "My Little Bimbo Down on the Bamboo Isle", with words by Grant Clarke and music by Walter Donaldson, in which the term "bimbo" is used to describe an island girl of questionable virtue. The 1929 silent film Desert Nights describes a wealthy female crook as a bimbo and in The Broadway Melody, an angry Bessie Love calls a chorus girl a bimbo. The first use of its female meaning cited in the Oxford English Dictionary is dated 1929, from the scholarly journal American Speech, where the definition was given simply as "a woman".
In the 1940s, bimbo was still being used to refer to both men and women, as in, for example the comic novel Full Moon by P. G. Wodehouse who wrote of "bimbos who went about the place making passes at innocent girls after discarding their wives like old tubes of toothpaste".[8]
The term died out again for much of the 20th century until it became popular again in the 1980s, with political sex scandals.[9] As bimbo began to be used increasingly for females, exclusively male variations of the word began to surface, like mimbo and himbo, a backformation of bimbo, which refers to an attractive but unintelligent man.[4]
The term is sometimes associated with women or men who dye their hair blond, indicating that physical attractiveness is more important to them than other, non-physical traits[3] and as an extension to "the dumb blonde" stereotype.[3]
Aside from the previous paragraphs the word Bimbo appears in the British retailer Harrod's catalogue of 1912 page 1333 " BIMBO—A powder for cleaning windows, mirrors, etc. per tin 0/5 ". [10]
Several dictionaries cite 1988 as the first time the word himbo was used. By then, the word bimbo, which earlier in the 20th century had been used for both males and females, was being used predominately for females, so himbo, a combination of "him" and "bimbo", was coined to refer specifically to males.[1][2] The New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English cites a 1988 Washington Post description of a "macho himbo who strutted the Croisette wearing a 16 foot python like a stole around his shoulders and neck".[3]
Partridge defines himbo as "a man objectified by his good looks and presumed lack of intellectual qualities, a man who trades on this image, a gigolo".[3]
Merriam-Webster's definition is "an attractive but vacuous man".[1]
Another slang dictionary emphasizes the sexual connotation of the word, describing it as "a male version of a bimbo, whore or slut", and using the example, "He's such a himbo he'd sleep with anything that has a pulse."[4]
golddigger origin
The term "gold-digger" was popularised as a slang term in the early 20th century. The term originated in Rex Beach's 1911 book, the Ne'er-do-Well, and was occasionally used in other literature during the 1910's, including My Battles with Vice by Virginia Brooks and Muncey's Magazine.[2] The Oxford Dictionary and Random House's Dictionary of Historical Slang state the term is distinct to women because they were much more likely to need to marry a wealthy man in order to maintain a level of socio-economic reasons.[2][3] In the 1920s, Peggy Hopkins Joyce was considered an example of a gold digger,[4]:143 with some claiming the term was even coined to describe her.[5]
By the 1930s the term had reached the United Kingdom because British film industry made a remake of The Gold Diggers. While the film has been disliked by critics, several sequels with the same title have been made.[3]
Kanye West - Gold Digger ft. Jamie Foxx
Kanye West - Gold Digger ft. Jamie Foxx lyrics
Kanye Omari West was born on June 8, 1977, in Douglasville, Georgia.[11][12] After his parents divorced when he was three years old, he moved with his mother to Chicago, Illinois.[13][14] His father, Ray West, is a former Black Panther and was one of the first black photojournalists at The Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Ray West was later a Christian counselor,[14] and in 2006, opened the Good Water Store and Café in Lexington Park, Maryland with startup capital from his son.[15][16] West's mother, Dr. Donda C. (Williams) West,[17] was a professor of English at Clark Atlanta University, and the Chair of the English Department at Chicago State University, before retiring to serve as his manager. West was raised in a middle-class background, attending Polaris High School[18] in suburban Oak Lawn, Illinois, after living in Chicago.[19] At the age of 10, West moved with his mother to Nanjing, China, where she was teaching at Nanjing University as part of an exchange program. According to his mother, West was the only foreigner in his class, but settled in well and quickly picked up the language, although he has since forgotten most of it.[20] When asked about his grades in high school, West replied, "I got A's and B's. And I'm not even frontin'."[21]
West demonstrated an affinity for the arts at an early age; he began writing poetry when he was five years old.[22] His mother recalled that she first took notice of West's passion for drawing and music when he was in the third grade.[23] West started rapping in the third grade and began making musical compositions in the seventh grade, eventually selling them to other artists.[24] At age thirteen, West wrote a rap song called "Green Eggs and Ham" and persuaded his mother to pay for time in a recording studio. Accompanying him to the studio and despite discovering it being "a little basement studio" where a microphone hung from the ceiling by a wire clothes hanger, West's mother nonetheless supported and encouraged him.[22] West crossed paths with producer/DJ No I.D., with whom he quickly formed a close friendship. No I.D. soon became West's mentor, and it was from him that West learned how to sample and program beats after he received his first sampler at age 15.[25]:557 After graduating from high school, West received a scholarship to attend Chicago's American Academy of Art in 1997 and began taking painting classes, but shortly after transferred to Chicago State University to study English. He soon realized that his busy class schedule was detrimental to his musical work, and at 20 he dropped out of college to pursue his musical dreams.[26] This action greatly displeased his mother, who was also a professor at the university. She later commented, "It was drummed into my head that college is the ticket to a good life... but some career goals don't require college. For Kanye to make an album called College Dropout it was more about having the guts to embrace who you are, rather than following the path society has carved out for you."[25]:558
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanye_West
Eric Marlon Bishop was born in Terrell, Texas, on December 13, 1967.[2] He is the son of Darrell Bishop (renamed Shahid Abdula following his conversion to Islam),[3] who sometimes worked as a stockbroker, and Louise Annette Talley Dixon. Shortly after his birth, Foxx was adopted and raised by his mother's adoptive parents, Esther Marie (Nelson), a domestic worker and nursery operator, and Mark Talley, a yard worker.[4][5][6] He has had little contact with his birth parents, who were not part of his upbringing.[7] Foxx was raised in the black quarter of Terrell, which at the time was a racially segregated community.[8] He has often acknowledged his grandmother's influence in his life as one of the greatest reasons for his success.[5][9]
Foxx began playing the piano when he was five years old.[10] He had a strict Baptist upbringing,[5][11] and as a teenager he was a part-time pianist and choir leader in Terrell's New Hope Baptist Church.[7] His natural talent for telling jokes was already in evidence as a third grader, when his teacher would use him as a reward: if the class behaved, Foxx would tell them jokes. Foxx attended Terrell High School, where he received top grades and played basketball and football (as quarterback). His ambition was to play for the Dallas Cowboys, and he was the first player in the school's history to pass for more than 1,000 yards.[7][12] He also sang in a band called Leather and Lace.[7] After completing high school, Foxx received a scholarship to United States International University, where he studied musical and performing arts composition.[7][13]
- piracy goes back to to 14BC? It was actually an honourable culture once upon a time and in some parts of the world?
piracy
The earliest documented instances of piracy are the exploits of the Sea Peoples who threatened the ships sailing in the Aegean and Mediterranean waters in the 14th century BC. In classical antiquity, the Phoenicians, Illyrians and Tyrrhenians were known as pirates. In the pre-classical era, the ancient Greeks condoned piracy as a viable profession; it apparently was widespread and "regarded as an entirely honourable way of making a living".[13] References are made to its perfectly normal occurrence in many texts including in Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, and abduction of women and children to be sold into slavery was common. By the era of Classical Greece, piracy was looked upon as a "disgrace" to have as a profession.[13][14]
In the 3rd century BC, pirate attacks on Olympos (city in Anatolia) brought impoverishment. Among some of the most famous ancient pirateering peoples were the Illyrians, a people populating the western Balkan peninsula. Constantly raiding the Adriatic Sea, the Illyrians caused many conflicts with the Roman Republic. It was not until 229 BC when the Romans finally decisively beat the Illyrian fleets that their threat was ended.[15] During the 1st century BC, there were pirate states along the Anatolian coast, threatening the commerce of the Roman Empire in the eastern Mediterranean. On one voyage across the Aegean Sea in 75 BC,[16] Julius Caesar was kidnapped and briefly held by Cilician pirates and held prisoner in the Dodecanese islet of Pharmacusa.[17] The Senate finally invested the general Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus with powers to deal with piracy in 67 BC (the Lex Gabinia), and Pompey, after three months of naval warfare, managed to suppress the threat.
As early as 258 AD, the Gothic-Herulic fleet ravaged towns on the coasts of the Black Sea and Sea of Marmara. The Aegean coast suffered similar attacks a few years later. In 264, the Goths reached Galatia and Cappadocia, and Gothic pirates landed on Cyprus and Crete. In the process, the Goths seized enormous booty and took thousands into captivity.[citation needed] In 286 AD, Carausius, a Roman military commander of Gaulish origins, was appointed to command the Classis Britannica, and given the responsibility of eliminating Frankish and Saxon pirates who had been raiding the coasts of Armorica and Belgic Gaul. In the Roman province of Britannia, Saint Patrick was captured and enslaved by Irish pirates.
- it's obvious that the East are just as shonky as the West? Basically, as long as it's moveable and valuable it has likely been stolen?
origins spy
Efforts to use espionage for military advantage are well documented throughout history. Sun Tzu, a theorist in ancient China who influenced Asian military thinking, still has an audience in the 21st century for the Art of War. He advised, "One who knows the enemy and knows himself will not be endangered in a hundred engagements."[5] He stressed the need to understand yourself and your enemy for military intelligence. He identified different spy roles. In modern terms they included the secret informant or agent in place, (who provides copies of enemy secrets), the penetration agent who has access to the enemy's commanders, and the disinformation agent who feeds a mix of true and false details to point the enemy in the wrong direction, to confuse the enemy). He considered the need for systematic organization, and noted the roles of counterintelligence, double agents (recruited from the ranks of enemy spies) and psychological warfare. Sun Tzu continued to influence Chinese espionage theory in the 21st century with its emphasis on using information to design active subversion.[6]
Chanakya (also called Kautilya) wrote his Arthashastra in India in the 4th century BC. It was a 'Textbook of Statecraft and Political Economy' that provides a detailed account of intelligence collection, processing, consumption, and covert operations, as indispensable means for maintaining and expanding the security and power of the state.[7]
Ancient Egypt had a thoroughly developed system for the acquisition of intelligence. The Hebrews used spies as well, as in the story of Rahab. Thanks to the Bible (Joshua 2:1–24) we have in this story of the spies sent by Hebrews to Jericho before attacking the city one of the earliest detailed report of a very sophisticated intelligence operation[8]
Spies were also prevalent in the Greek and Roman empires.[9] During the 13th and 14th centuries, the Mongols relied heavily on espionage in their conquests in Asia and Europe. Feudal Japan often used shinobi to gather intelligence.
A significant milestone was the establishment of an effective intelligence service under King David IV of Georgia at the beginning of 12th century or possibly even earlier. Called mstovaris, these organized spies performed crucial tasks, like uncovering feudal conspiracies, conducting counter-intelligence against enemy spies, and infiltrating key locations, e.g. castles, fortresses and palaces.[10]
Aztecs used Pochtecas, people in charge of commerce, as spies and diplomats, and had diplomatic immunity. Along with the pochteca, before a battle or war, secret agents, quimitchin, were sent to spy amongst enemies usually wearing the local costume and speaking the local language, techniques similar to modern secret agents.[11]
...
France
France under King Louis XIV (1643–1715) was the largest, richest, and most powerful nation. It had many enemies and a few friends, and tried to keep track of them all through a well organized intelligence system based in major cities all over Europe. France and England pioneered the cabinet noir whereby foreign correspondence was opened and deciphered, then forwarded to the recipient. France's chief ministers, especially Cardinal Mazarin (1642–1661) did not invent the new methods; they combined the best practices from other states, and supported it at the highest political and financial levels.[18][19]
To critics of authoritarian governments, it appeared that spies were everywhere. Parisian dissidents of the 18th century thought that they were surrounded by as many as perhaps 30,000 police spies. However, the police records indicate a maximum of 300 paid informers. The myth was deliberately designed to inspire fear and hypercaution; the police wanted opponents people to think that they were under close watch. The critics also seemed to like the myth, for it gave them a sense of importance and an aura of mystery. Ordinary Parisians felt more secure believing that the police were actively dealing with troublemakers.[20]
British
To deal with the almost continuous wars with France, London set up an elaborate system to gather intelligence on France and other powers. Since the British had deciphered the code system of most states, it relied heavily on intercepted mail and dispatches. A few agents in the postal system could intercept likely correspondence and have it copied and forwarded to the intended receiver, as well as to London. Active spies were also used, especially to estimate military and naval strength and activities. Once the information was in hand, analysts tried to interpret diplomatic policies and intentions of states. Of special concern in the first half of the century were the activities of Jacobites, Englishmen who had French support in plotting to overthrow the Hanoverian kings of England. It was a high priority to find men in England and Scotland who had secret Jacobite sympathies.[21]
One highly successful operation took place in Russia under the supervision of minister Charles Whitworth (1704 to 1712). He closely observed public events and noted the changing power status of key leaders. He cultivated influential and knowledgeable persons at the royal court, and befriended foreigners in Russia's service, and in turn they provided insights into high-level Russian planning and personalities, which he summarized and sent in code to London.[22]
...
American Revolution, 1775–1783
During the American Revolution, 1775–1783, American General George Washington developed a successful espionage system to detect British locations and plans. In 1778, he ordered Major Benjamin Tallmadge to form the Culper Ring to collect information about the British in New York.[26] Washington was usually mindful of treachery, but he ignored incidents of disloyalty by Benedict Arnold, his most trusted general. Arnold tried to betray West Point to the British Army, but was discovered and barely managed to escape.[27] The British intelligence system was weak; it completely missed the movement of the entire American and French armies from the Northeast to Yorktown, Virginia, where they captured the British invasion army in 1781 and won independence.[28] Washington has been called "Americas First Spymaster".[29]
French Revolution and Napoleonic wars, (1793–1815)
Britain, almost continuously at war with France (1793–1815), built a wide network of agents and funded local elements trying to overthrow governments hostile to Britain.[30][31] It paid special attention to threats of an invasion of the home islands, and to a possible uprising in Ireland.[32] Britain in 1794 appointed William Wickham as Superintendent of Aliens in charge of espionage and the new secret service. He strengthened the British intelligence system by emphasizing the centrality of the intelligence cycle – query, collection, collation, analysis and dissemination – and the need for an all-source centre of intelligence.[33][34]
Napoleon made heavy use of agents, especially regarding Russia. Besides espionage, they recruited soldiers, collected money, enforced the Continental System against imports from Britain, propagandized, policed border entry into France through passports, and protected the estates of the Napoleonic nobility. His senior men coordinated the policies of satellite countries.[35]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_espionage
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=tweety+bird+i+thought+i+taw+a+puddy
I Taut I Taw a Puddy Tat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=38aDWDUjlOY
'I Tawt I Taw a Puddy Tat!' _ Looney Tuesdays _ WB Kids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gFtl6nyE1BI
I Tawt I Taw a Puddy Tat (Tweety Compilation)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w-tZef9gmug
Looney Tunes Classic _ Poor Puddytat _ Boomerang Official
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CgJjqrNY_fU
Tweety Pie  - - - - I Tawt I Taw a Puddy Tat ...( Mel Blanc).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MvNfPSXWZqw
- lots of interaction between religious people and dark skinned people? It explains why some black supremacists believe that they are the genuine Jewish people and why members of the Jewish community have been caught in the cross fire sometimes from white supremacists sometimes?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/880664643792/hate-thy-neighbour-hunting-the-white-devil
EP.886- George Floyd Protests - 'We Have a CIVIL WAR Between The State & Black, Brown Communities!'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TMutDM1XYwg
This Is #TheGreatReset. You Have Been Warned. #NewWorldNextWeek
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8lh-HGcXE1Q
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=black+lives+matter+protest
President Obama Speaks Out on George Floyd Protests, Black Lives Matter | NowThis
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eU-oi8ZLA4M
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=civil+rights+movement
Many in the Jewish community supported the civil rights movement. In fact, statistically, Jews were one of the most actively involved non-black groups in the Movement. Many Jewish students worked in concert with African Americans for CORE, SCLC, and SNCC as full-time organizers and summer volunteers during the Civil Rights era. Jews made up roughly half of the white northern and western volunteers involved in the 1964 Mississippi Freedom Summer project and approximately half of the civil rights attorneys active in the South during the 1960s.[221]
Jewish leaders were arrested while heeding a call from Martin Luther King Jr. in St. Augustine, Florida, in June 1964, where the largest mass arrest of rabbis in American history took place at the Monson Motor Lodge. Abraham Joshua Heschel, a writer, rabbi, and professor of theology at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America in New York, was outspoken on the subject of civil rights. He marched arm-in-arm with Dr. King in the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march. In the 1964 murders of Chaney, Goodman, and Schwerner, the two white activists killed, Andrew Goodman and Michael Schwerner, were both Jewish.
Brandeis University, the only nonsectarian Jewish-sponsored college university in the world, created the Transitional Year Program (TYP) in 1968, in part response to Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King's assassination. The faculty created it to renew the university's commitment to social justice. Recognizing Brandeis as a university with a commitment to academic excellence, these faculty members created a chance for disadvantaged students to participate in an empowering educational experience.
The American Jewish Committee, American Jewish Congress, and Anti-Defamation League (ADL) actively promoted civil rights. While Jews were very active in the civil rights movement in the South, in the North, many had experienced a more strained relationship with African Americans. It has been argued that with Black militancy and the Black Power movements on the rise, "Black Anti-Semitism" increased leading to strained relations between Blacks and Jews in Northern communities. In New York City, most notably, there was a major socio-economic class difference in the perception of African Americans by Jews.[222] Jews from better educated Upper-Middle-Class backgrounds were often very supportive of African American civil rights activities while the Jews in poorer urban communities that became increasingly minority were often less supportive largely in part due to more negative and violent interactions between the two groups.
According to political scientist Michael Rogin, Jewish-Black hostility was a two-way street extending to earlier decades. In the post-World War II era, Jews were granted white privilege and most moved into the middle-class while Blacks were left behind in the ghetto.[223] Urban Jews engaged in the same sort of conflicts with Blacks—over integration busing, local control of schools, housing, crime, communal identity, and class divides—that other white ethnics did, leading to Jews participating in white flight. The culmination of this was the 1968 New York City teachers' strike, pitting largely Jewish schoolteachers against predominantly Black parents in Brownsville, New York.[224]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_rights_movement#American_Jewish_community
black jews
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Jews
North America
The American Jewish community includes Jews with African-American backgrounds. African-American Jews belong to each of the major American Jewish denominations—Orthodox, Conservative, Reform—and the smaller movements as well, such as Reconstructionist or Humanistic. Like their white Jewish counterparts, there are also African-American Jewish secularists and African-American Jews who may rarely or never take part in religious practices.[1]
Robin Washington, an American journalist and filmmaker, became one of three founders of the National Conference of Black Jews, later called the Alliance of Black Jews. It was conceived to build bridges among all African-American Jews, who are affiliated with many different groups. Estimates of the number of black Jews in the United States range from 20,000[2] to 200,000.[3]
There are several predominantly African-American synagogues in The United States, such as Beth Shalom B'nai Zaken Ethiopian Hebrew Congregation, which is a synagogue in Chicago, Illinois. The congregation leader of Beth Shalom is Rabbi Capers Funnye. Its assistant rabbis are Avraham Ben Israel and Joshua V. Salter.[4] The congregation, which has about 200 members, is mostly African American.[5][6] The congregation was started by Rabbi Horace Hasan from Bombay (now Mumbai), India, in 1918 as the Ethiopian Hebrew Settlement Workers Association,[7] and it was influenced by Wentworth Arthur Matthew's Commandment Keepers.[5][6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African-American_Jews
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance_of_Black_Jews
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hebrew_Israelites
- it's critical to understand that slavery was crucial to the rise of many Empires. There wasn't really any limits involved here. Aspects of it still seem to continue with regards to child labour? It still exists in the West because of the ruthless nature/perspective of life? Neo-liberalism, neo-colonialism moves the slave class from one part of the world to another. Else, they operate part of the "black economy"...
BLACK MARKET with Michael K. Williams
A day in the life of a minimum wage earner in Bangladesh
Fast Fashion - Sweatshops
Nike Sweatshops - Never say Never
Nike sweatshops - Try not to cry
Sweatshops - Deadly Fashion
The Ugly Truth Of Fast Fashion _ Patriot Act with Hasan Minhaj _ Netflix
This man worked undercover in a Chinese iPhone factory
gdp by country list
The widespread use of children in cocoa production is considered objectionable, not only for the concerns about child labor and exploitation, but also because, as of 2015, up to 19,000 children working in Côte d'Ivoire, the world's biggest producer of cocoa,[1] were likely victims of trafficking or slavery.[2] Attention on this subject has focused on West Africa, which collectively supplies 69% of the world's cocoa, Côte d'Ivoire in particular, supplying 35%.[3] Thirty percent of children under age 15 in sub-Saharan Africa are child laborers, mostly in agricultural activities that includes cocoa farming.[4] It is estimated that more than 1.8 million children in West Africa are involved in growing cocoa.[5] Major chocolate producers, such as Nestlé, buy cocoa at commodities exchanges where Ivorian cocoa is mixed with other cocoa.[6] In 2013–2014, an estimated 1.4 million children aged 5 years old to 11 years old worked in agriculture in cocoa-growing areas, approximately 800,000 of them are engaged in hazardous work, including working with sharp tools and agricultural chemicals and carrying heavy loads.[7][8]
A major study of the issue, published in Fortune magazine in the U.S. in March 2016, concluded that approximately 2.1 million children in West Africa "still do the dangerous and physically taxing work of harvesting cocoa". The report was doubtful as to whether the situation can be improved significantly.[9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child_labour_in_cocoa_production
SBS Dateline: The true cost of the world’s love for chocolate
sweat shop operations myer
Hundreds of thousands of textile and clothing outworkers came a step closer to protection from exploitation yesterday when giant retailer Coles Myer signed a national code of practice on behalf of Myer Grace Bros, Target and Kmart.
Fair Wear, a coalition of groups lobbying for improved conditions for the nation's estimated 340,000 outworkers, welcomed the signing of the "national ethical clothing code of practice".
The state secretary of the Textile, Clothing and Footwear Union of Australia, Michele O'Neil, said the code was part of a "web" being woven to protect people who worked long hours at home or in a variety of sometimes hard-to-locate factories for as little as $2 an hour.
Under the code, a retailer undertakes to give the union lists of suppliers and records of contracts. The union could then visit the workplaces and inquire about wages and conditions. If it was found that workers were working for below-award rates or being forced to work long hours without breaks to complete orders, the union could apply pressure on the retailer to stop using the supplier, Ms O'Neil said.
sweat shop operations
Sweatshop (or sweat factory) is a term for a workplace with very poor, socially unacceptable or illegal working conditions. The work may be difficult, dangerous, climatically challenging or underpaid. Workers in sweatshops may work long hours with low pay, regardless of laws mandating overtime pay or a minimum wage; child labor laws may also be violated. The Fair Labor Association's "2006 Annual Public Report" inspected factories for FLA compliance in 18 countries including Bangladesh, El Salvador, Colombia, Guatemala, Malaysia, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, China, India, Vietnam, Honduras, Indonesia, Brazil, Mexico, and the US.[1] The U.S. Department of Labor's "2015 Findings on the Worst Forms of Child Labor" found that "18 countries did not meet the International Labour Organization's recommendation for an adequate number of inspectors."[2]
Margaret Humphreys, CBE, AO (born 1944) is a British social worker and author from Nottingham, England. She worked for Nottinghamshire County Council operating around Radford, Nottingham and Hyson Green in child protection and adoption services. In 1986 she received a letter from a woman in Australia who, believing she was an orphan, was looking to locate her birth certificate so she could get married.[1]
In 1987, she investigated and brought to public attention the British government programme of Home Children. This involved forcibly relocating poor British children to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the former Rhodesia and other parts of the Commonwealth of Nations,[2] often without their parents' knowledge. Children were often told their parents had died, and parents were told their children had been placed for adoption elsewhere in the UK. According to Humphreys, up to 150,000 children are believed to have been resettled under the scheme,[3] some as young as three,[2] about 7,000 of whom were sent to Australia.[4]
Saving money was one of the motives behind this policy. The children were allegedly deported because it was cheaper to care for them overseas. It cost an estimated £5 per day to keep a child on welfare in a British institution, but only 10% of that, ten shillings, in an Australian one.[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Humphreys
Home Children was the child migration scheme founded by Annie MacPherson in 1869, under which more than 100,000 children were sent from the United Kingdom to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa.
Later research, beginning in the 1980s, exposed abuse and hardships of the relocated children. Australia apologised in 2009 for its involvement in the scheme. In February 2010 UK Prime Minister Gordon Brown made a formal apology to the families of children who suffered. Canadian Immigration Minister Jason Kenney stated in 2009 that Canada would not apologise to child migrants, preferring to "recognize that sad period" in other ways.[1]
On the scrap heap - statues that could be torn down
Cecil Rhodes - slave trader  Rhodes was a 19th century mining magnate and imperialist who helped Victorian Britain colonise much of Southern Africa. A scholarship in his name at Oxford was set up to help non-Brits study there. Beneficiaries include Bill Clinton and three former Australian PMs.
William Beckford - plantation owner Former Lord Mayor of London William Beckford, who has a statue inside London's Guildhall, is believed to have owned around 3,000 slaves in plantations in Jamaica.
Sir John Cass - member of the Royal African CompanySir John Cass was a philanthropist and a slaver, who was a member of the Royal African Company's Court of Assistance for three years in the 1700s.The foundation set up in memory of him provides support to schools and universities in London - including the Cass Business school.
Thomas Guy - made money off the slave tradeThomas Guy, who one King's College London's campuses is named after, made his fortune off of investing in the slave trade.
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/09/donations-to-black-lives-matter-uk-and-other-groups-top-1m
long island history
Slavery in Long Island
Black people have been an integral part of Long Island history, most arriving first as slaves before the Revolution and working both at domestic and rural trades. New York and Long Island kept slavery until laws for its gradual abolition were passed in 1799. The last slaves were freed by 1827. Most freedmen settled near where they had been living.
With the small family farms and industrial economy within the North, the need for slavery was much less than in the Southern United States. Slavery tended to be more common in rural areas of the Northeast, like Long Island, rather than in the cities.[17] Slavery took a different form in the Northern states than on Southern plantations. While slaves were still treated as property by law, and included as bequests in wills, they were fewer in number.[18] On Long Island, it was typical for farmers to own five or six slaves per household. They lived closely within the family, sometimes within the same quarters.
After the Civil War, the issue of race increased on Long Island, as well as surrounding areas in New York. Fears of freed blacks taking the jobs of working-class whites created tensions in addition to tensions with immigrant communities seeking work.[19] As time progressed, African Americans within the local Tri-State area began to work in industrialized cities such as New York City and Philadelphia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Long_Island
ivy league slavery
https://www.apmreports.org/story/2017/09/04/shackled-legacy
https://time.com/5013728/slavery-universities-america/
The role of slavery at American colleges and universities has been a focus of historical investigation and controversy. Enslaved people labored to build institutions of higher learning and the slave economy was involved in funding many universities.[1] Slaves were used to build academic buildings and residential halls.[1] The economics of slavery brought some owners great wealth and empowered some slaveowners to become major donors to fledgling colleges.[2] Slaves were also sold by university administrators to facilitate needed capital. It was also not uncommon for wealthy students to bring a slave with them to college.[3] Many colleges founded in states with legalized slavery utilized slaves and benefited from the slave economy. In Northern states, despite slavery being considered more of a Southern institution, some colleges and universities benefited from the labor of slaves and profits from slavery.[4][5]
...
Harvard University
In 2011, professors Sven Beckert and Katherine Stevens wrote a report about Harvard University and its ties to slavery. The report itself begins by locating Harvard’s ties to slavey in the larger concepts of American slavery, Northern slavery, and Triangular Trade. The report notes that “By the mid- seventeenth century slaves were part of the fabric of everyday life in colonial Massachusetts. They lived and labored in the colony. Their owners were often political leaders and heads of prominent families.” [7]
At Harvard University, slaves “served Harvard leaders" and "slave labor played a vital role in the unprecedented appreciation of wealth by New England merchants that laid the foundation of Harvard.” [8] Furthermore, “Harvard students slept in beds and ate meals prepared by slaves, and many grew up to be prominent slave-holders and leaders in early America.[9]
Isaac Royall Jr. was a wealthy merchant who donated lands and funds to the university. He also funded the first professorship in law. The Royalls were so involved in the slave trade, that, “the labor of slaves underwrote the teaching of law in Cambridge.” [10] The Royall’s legacy at Harvard is lasting, Harvard Law School adopted the Royall family crest as a part of its school crest. That crest features as blue background, with three bushels of wheat. Until recently the connection of the seal to the slave owning Royalls was unknown to many. According to The Harvard Crimson “Most Law School alumni and faculty were unaware of the story behind the seal.” [11] After it was revealed that Harvard Law had historic ties to slavery, then Dean Martha L. Minow began telling incoming 1Ls about the school’s past. The Law school scrapped this seal and has not designed a replacement. Additionally, at HLS’s bicentennial in 2018, President Drew Faust, Dean John Manning and Professor Sodas unveiled a new commemorative plaque to the slaves who helped build one of Americas best law schools. At the ceremony Faust said of the law school, “How fitting that you should begin your bicentennial with this ceremony reminding us that the path toward justice is neither smooth nor straight. Let us dedicate ourselves to the clear-eyed view of history that will enable us to build a more just future in honor of the stolen lives we memorialize here.” [12]
Harvard was sued in 2019 by descendants of a slave whose photograph the college has in its collection.[13]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_at_American_colleges_and_universities
oxbridge slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/may/07/cambridge-university-britain-slavery
https://www.theguardian.com/education/2019/apr/30/cambridge-university-study-how-it-profited-colonial-slavery
https://uk.reuters.com/article/britain-slavery-cambridge/cambridge-to-study-how-it-profited-from-atlantic-slavery-idUKL5N22C29T
Slave-owning planters, and merchants who dealt in slaves and slave produce, were among the richest people in 18th-century Britain. Profits from these activities helped to endow the industrial revolution, Britain’s naval supremacy, and even British capitalism itself. By the late 1700s, slave-generated profits were large enough to have covered up to a third of Britain’s overall investment needs.
But the privileges accrued from slavery were not only economic: prestige properties were built which would be passed down as generational wealth. If you’ve ever marvelled at some of Britain’s stately homes or listed buildings, you should be aware that many of them were built or bought using money derived from slavery. One example is Dodington Park, a beautiful estate, currently owned by British inventor James Dyson, and which was originally built by Christopher Bethell-Codrington, using sums derived at least in part from plantation profits.
Often this wealth translated into political power. Alderman William Beckford, whose father was one of the most powerful men in 18th-century Jamaica, went on to serve as mayor of London. He even kept enslaved Africans to serve him in England. More recently, former prime minister David Cameron and his wife, Samantha, were both revealed to have slaveowners in their family background. Inherited wealth matters for generations.
Yet, as historian David Olusoga has pointed out, it would be a mistake to think of slave-ownership in the UK as confined to the upper classes. Many middle-class people, “including clergymen, naval personnel and people who had returned from the colonies were also slave-owners”, regarded an enslaved person as “a sound investment”.
The footprints of slavery, and the profits it bequeathed to generations, still shape the present. The Slavery Abolition Act of 1833 formally freed 800,000 Africans. Not one of them got a penny. Instead, the British government paid out today’s equivalent of £16bn to former slave owners to “compensate” them for their loss of “property”, a national debt that took until 2015 to be paid off. Yes, that means the descendants of slaves here in the UK were, until just four years ago, paying off slave owners for their ancestors’ freedom.
https://www.weneedtotalkaboutwhiteness.com/it-s-not-just-cambridge-all-of-britain-benefited-from-slavery
slavery history
The history of slavery spans many cultures, nationalities, and religions from ancient times to the present day. However the social, economic, and legal positions of slaves have differed vastly in different systems of slavery in different times and places.[1]
Slavery occurs relatively rarely among hunter-gatherer populations[2] because it develops under conditions of social stratification.[3] Slavery operated in the very first civilizations (such as Sumer in Mesopotamia,[4] which dates back as far as 3500 BCE). Slavery features in the Mesopotamian Code of Hammurabi (c. 1860 BCE), which refers to it as an established institution.[5] Slavery became common within much of Europe during the Early Middle Ages and it continued into the following centuries. The Byzantine–Ottoman wars (1265–1479) and the Ottoman wars in Europe (14th to 20th centuries) resulted in the capture of large numbers of Christian slaves. The Dutch, French, Spanish, Portuguese, British, Arabs and a number of West African kingdoms played a prominent role in the Atlantic slave trade, especially after 1600. The Republic of Ragusa became the first European country to ban the slave trade in 1416. In modern times Denmark-Norway abolished the trade in 1802.
Although slavery is no longer legal anywhere in the world (with the exception of penal labour),[6] human trafficking remains an international problem and an estimated 25-40 million people were enslaved as of 2013, the majority in Asia.[7] During the 1983–2005 Second Sudanese Civil War people were taken into slavery.[8] Evidence emerged in the late 1990s of systematic child-slavery and -trafficking on cacao plantations in West Africa.[9] Slavery continues into the 21st century. Although Mauritania criminalized slavery in August 2007,[10] an estimated up to 600,000 men, women and children, or 20% of the population of Mauritania, are currently enslaved, many of them used as bonded labor.[11] Slavery in the 21st century continues, with the top ten countries with the highest prevalence according to the Global Slavery Index being North Korea, Eritrea, Burundi, the Central African Republic, Afghanistan, Mauritania, South Sudan, Pakistan, Cambodia and Iran.[12] Islamist quasi-states such as the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant and Boko Haram have abducted and enslaved women and children (often to serve as sex slaves).[13][14]
...
Evidence of slavery predates written records, and has existed in many cultures.[15] Mass slavery requires economic surpluses and a high population density to be viable. Due to these factors, the practice of slavery would have only proliferated after the invention of agriculture during the Neolithic Revolution, about 11,000 years ago.[16]
Slavery was known in civilizations as old as Sumer, as well as in almost every other ancient civilization, including ancient Egypt, ancient China, the Akkadian Empire, Assyria, Babylonia, ancient Iran, ancient Greece, ancient India, the Roman Empire, the Arab Islamic Caliphate and Sultanate, Nubia and the pre-Columbian civilizations of the Americas.[17] Such institutions were a mixture of debt-slavery, punishment for crime, the enslavement of prisoners of war, child abandonment, and the birth of slave children to slaves.[18]
slave traders names
Slavery in the colonial history of the United States, from 1600 to 1776, developed from complex factors, and researchers have proposed several theories to explain the development of the institution of slavery and of the slave trade. Slavery strongly correlated with Europe's American colonies' need for labor, especially for the labor-intensive plantation economies of the sugar colonies in the Caribbean, operated by Great Britain, France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic.
Most enslaved people who were ultimately brought to the Thirteen British colonies — the Eastern seaboard of what later became the United States — were imported from the Caribbean, not directly from Africa. They were taken to the Caribbean islands as a result of the Atlantic slave trade. Indigenous people were also enslaved in the North American colonies, but on a smaller scale, and Indian slavery largely ended in the late eighteenth century although the enslavement of Indigenous people did continue to occur in the Southern states until the Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863. In the English colonies, slave status for Africans became hereditary in the mid-17th century with the passage of colonial laws that defined children born in the colonies as taking the status of the mother, under the principle of partus sequitur ventrem.[2][a]
kkk chapters united states
The two most ruthless domestic slave traders in America had a secret language for their business.
Slave trading was a “game.” The men, Isaac Franklin and John Armfield, were daring “pirates” or “one-eyed men,” a euphemism for their penises. The women they bought and sold were “fancy maids,” a term signifying youth, beauty and potential for sexual exploitation — by buyers or the traders themselves.
Rapes happened often.
“To my certain knowledge she has been used & that smartly by a one eyed man about my size and age, excuse my foolishness,” Isaac Franklin’s nephew James — an employee and his uncle’s protege — wrote in typical business correspondence, referring to Caroline Brown, an enslaved woman who suffered repeated rape and abuse at James’s hands for five months. She was 18 at the time and just over five feet tall.
Franklin and Armfield, who headquartered their slave trading business in a townhouse that still stands in Alexandria, Va., sold more enslaved people, separated more families and made more money from the trade than almost anyone else in America. Between the 1820s and 1830s, the two men reigned as the “undisputed tycoons” of the domestic slave trade, as Smithsonian Magazine put it.
atlantic slave trade
The Atlantic slave trade or transatlantic slave trade involved the transportation by slave traders of enslaved African people, mainly to the Americas. The slave trade regularly used the triangular trade route and its Middle Passage, and existed from the 16th to the 19th centuries. The vast majority of those who were enslaved and transported in the transatlantic slave trade were people from Central and West Africa, who had been sold by other West Africans, or by half European 'merchant princes' [1] to Western European slave traders (with a small number being captured directly by the slave traders in coastal raids), who brought them to the Americas.[2] Except for the Portuguese, European slave traders generally did not participate in the raids because life expectancy for Europeans in sub-Saharan Africa was less than one year during the period of the slave trade (which was prior to the development of quinine as a treatment for malaria).[3] The South Atlantic and Caribbean economies were particularly dependent on labour for the production of sugarcane and other commodities. This was viewed as crucial by those Western European states which, in the late 17th and 18th centuries, were vying with each other to create overseas empires.[4]
The Portuguese, in the 16th century, were the first to engage in the Atlantic slave trade. In 1526, they completed the first transatlantic slave voyage to Brazil, and other Europeans soon followed.[5] Shipowners regarded the slaves as cargo to be transported to the Americas as quickly and cheaply as possible,[4] there to be sold to work on coffee, tobacco, cocoa, sugar, and cotton plantations, gold and silver mines, rice fields, the construction industry, cutting timber for ships, in skilled labour, and as domestic servants. While the first Africans kidnapped to the English colonies were classified as indentured servants, with a similar legal standing as contract-based workers coming from Britain and Ireland, by the middle of the 17th century, slavery had hardened as a racial caste, with African slaves and their future offspring being legally the property of their owners, as children born to slave mothers were also slaves (partus sequitur ventrem). As property, the people were considered merchandise or units of labour, and were sold at markets with other goods and services.
The major Atlantic slave trading nations, ordered by trade volume, were the Portuguese, the British, the Spanish, the French, the Dutch Empires, and the Danish. Several had established outposts on the African coast where they purchased slaves from local African leaders.[6] These slaves were managed by a factor, who was established on or near the coast to expedite the shipping of slaves to the New World. Slaves were imprisoned in a factory while awaiting shipment. Current estimates are that about 12 million to 12.8 million Africans were shipped across the Atlantic over a span of 400 years,[7][8]:194 although the number purchased by the traders was considerably higher, as the passage had a high death rate with approximately 1.2–2.4 million dying during the voyage and millions more died in seasoning camps in the Caribbean after arrival to the New World. Millions of slaves also died as a result of slave raids, wars and during transport to the coast for sale to European slave traders.[9][10][11][12] Near the beginning of the 19th century, various governments acted to ban the trade, although illegal smuggling still occurred. In the early 21st century, several governments issued apologies for the transatlantic slave trade.
"Throughout the 19th century, in order to establish a sugar industry in Queensland, it was felt that the labour in the tropical heat was too onerous for a white man who was not used to this climate," he told SBS News.
"[So there was] the so-called Kanaka slave trade, which was basically enticing Pacific Island people to Australia with promises of good conditions or just kidnapping them."
"Historians question the degree of agency that Pacific Islander people had in these contracts. But the reality of it was in many cases this was forced labour ... We were emulating the example of the slave states in America."
"It's a very sad and sorry history and one that everyone who was in authority in colonial Queensland was somehow complicit in."
As as result, some are again calling for the removal of a statue of businessman Robert Towns in Townsville, who was involved in this trade.
...
"It seems to me that with every statue in Australia that proclaims white power and white privilege there's an opportunity to take up a task of critique," Professor Scates said.
"They can be turned from symbols of racism and power and privilege into statements for the need for a more inclusive society."
Either through removing or amending these monuments, Professor Scates said Australia now needs a "reckoning with these symbols of our colonial past".
- I've heard it said that since humans evolved from primates this explains why humans engage in practices such as rape. If you watch enough primate cultures then you'll realise that this practice is not really as common as you might think? Primates seem to date, have relationships, mate, etc... 
origin rape
Rape is a type of sexual assault usually involving sexual intercourse or other forms of sexual penetration carried out against a person without that person's consent. The act may be carried out by physical force, coercion, abuse of authority, or against a person who is incapable of giving valid consent, such as one who is unconscious, incapacitated, has an intellectual disability or is below the legal age of consent.[1][2][3] The term rape is sometimes used interchangeably with the term sexual assault.[4]
The rate of reporting, prosecuting and convicting for rape varies between jurisdictions. Internationally, the incidence of rapes recorded by the police during 2008 ranged, per 100,000 people, from 0.2 in Azerbaijan to 92.9 in Botswana with 6.3 in Lithuania as the median.[5] Worldwide, sexual violence, including rape, is primarily committed by males against females.[6] Rape by strangers is usually less common than rape by people the victim knows, and male-on-male and female-on-female prison rapes are common and may be the least reported forms of rape.[7][8][9]
Widespread and systematic rape (e.g., war rape) and sexual slavery can occur during international conflict. These practices are crimes against humanity and war crimes. Rape is also recognized as an element of the crime of genocide when committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a targeted ethnic group.
People who have been raped can be traumatized and develop posttraumatic stress disorder.[10] Serious injuries can result along with the risk of pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections. A person may face violence or threats from the rapist, and, in some cultures, from the victim's family and relatives.[11][12][13]
caveman dating
Of course, we have little to no knowledge of the social lives of early humans.  First, long buried bodies and archeological dig sites simply can’t tell us much about how men and women interacted.  Second, to speculate about early humans based on humans today is to project the present onto the past.  To speculate about early humans based on today’s apes is (at least) as equally suspect.  Ape behavior varies tremendously anyway, even among our closest cousins. Which type do we choose?  The violent and hierarchical chimp or the peace-loving Bonobos who solve all social strife with sex?
In other words, the caveman-club-‘er-over-the-head-and-drag-her-by-the-hair narrative is pure mythology. The mythology, nonetheless, affirms the idea that men are naturally coercive and violent by suggesting that our most natural and socially-uncorrupted male selves will engage in this sort of behavior.  Rape, that is.
https://thesocietypages.org/socimages/2014/08/08/caveman-courtship/
A caveman is a stock character representative of primitive man in the Paleolithic. The popularization of the type dates to the early 20th century, when Neanderthal Man was influentially described as "simian" or ape-like by Marcellin Boule[1] and Arthur Keith.[2]
While knowledge of human evolution in the Pleistocene has become much more detailed, the stock character has not disappeared, even though it anachronistically conflates characteristics of archaic humans and early modern humans.
The term "caveman" has its taxonomic equivalent in the now-obsolete Homo troglodytes, (Linnaeus, 1758).[3]
...
Cavemen are typically portrayed as wearing shaggy animal hides, and capable of cave painting like behaviorally modern humans of the last glacial period. Anachronistically, they are simultaneously shown armed with rocks or cattle bone clubs that are also adorned with rocks, unintelligent, and aggressive. Popular culture also frequently represents cavemen as living with or alongside dinosaurs, even though non-avian dinosaurs became extinct at the end of the Cretaceous period, 66 million years before the emergence of the Homo sapiens species.
The image of them living in caves arises from the fact that caves are where the preponderance of artifacts have been found from European Stone Age cultures, although this most likely reflects the degree of preservation that caves provide over the millennia rather than an indication of their typical form of shelter. Until the last glacial period, the great majority of hominins did not live in caves, being nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes living in a variety of temporary structures, such as tents[4] and wooden huts (e.g. at Ohalo). Their societies were similar to those of many modern day indigenous peoples. A few genuine cave dwellings did exist, however, such as at Mount Carmel in Israel.[5]
Stereotypical cavemen have traditionally been depicted wearing smock-like garments made of animal skin and held up by a shoulder strap on one side, and carrying large clubs approximately conical in shape. They often have grunt-like names, such as Ugg and Zog.[6]
history rape war
Wartime sexual violence is rape or other forms of sexual violence committed by combatants during armed conflict, war, or military occupation often as spoils of war; but sometimes, particularly in ethnic conflict, the phenomenon has broader sociological motives. Wartime sexual violence may also include gang rape and rape with objects. It is distinguished from sexual harassment, sexual assaults, and rape committed amongst troops in military service.[1][2][3]
During war and armed conflict, rape is frequently used as a means of psychological warfare in order to humiliate the enemy. Wartime sexual violence may occur in a variety of situations, including institutionalized sexual slavery, wartime sexual violence associated with specific battles or massacres, and individual or isolated acts of sexual violence.
Rape can also be recognized as genocide or ethnic cleansing when committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a targeted group; however, rape remains widespread in conflict zones. There are other international legal instruments to prosecute perpetrators but this has occurred as late as the 1990s.[4] However, these legal instruments have so far only been used for international conflicts, thus putting the burden of proof in citing the international nature of conflict in order for prosecution to proceed.
...
Causes
Lawlessness during wars and civil conflicts can create a culture of impunity towards human rights abuses of civilians. Among some armies, looting of civilian areas is considered a way for soldiers to supplement their often meager income, which can be unstable if soldiers are not paid on time. Some militias that cannot afford to adequately pay their troops promote pillaging as a compensation for victory, and rape of civilians can be seen as a reward for winning battles.[5][8]
According to UNICEF, "systematic rape is often used as a weapon of war in ethnic cleansing," having been used in various armed conflicts throughout the twentieth century alone, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Uganda, and Vietnam.[9] In 2008, the United Nations Security Council argued that "women and girls are particularly targeted by the use of sexual violence, including as a tactic of war to humiliate, dominate, instil fear in, disperse and/or forcibly relocate civilian members of a community or ethnic group."[10]
Dara Kay Cohen argues that some military groups use gang rape to bond soldiers and create a sense of cohesion within units, particularly when troops are recruited by force.[11] Amnesty International argues that in modern conflicts rape is used deliberately as a military strategy.[12] Amnesty International describes war rape as a "weapon of war" or a "means of combat"[7] used for the purpose of conquering territory by expelling the population therefrom, decimating remaining civilians by destroying their links of affiliations, by the spread of AIDS, and by eliminating cultural and religious traditions. Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak characterizes "group rape perpetrated by the conquerors" as "a metonymic celebration of territorial acquisition".[13]
Evidence provided by Cohen also suggests that some militaries that use child soldiers use rape as a maturation ritual to increase the tolerance of troops for violence, especially in patriarchal societies that equate masculinity with dominance and control. Some refugees and internally displaced people experience human trafficking for sexual or labour exploitation due to the breakdown of economies and policing in conflict regions.[10] In some conflicts, rape is used as a means of extracting information to force women and girls to give up the location of arms caches. In discussing gang rape as a means of bonding among soldiers, Cohen discusses the viewpoint of "combatant socialization", in which military groups use gang rape as a socialization tactic during armed conflict. By using gang rape during armed conflict, militia group members:
Prompt feelings of power and achievement
Establish status and a reputation for aggressiveness
Create an enhanced feeling of masculinity through bonding and bragging
Demonstrate dedication to the group and a willingness to take risks
While war rape may not be an apparent tool or weapon of war, it does serve as a primary tool to create a cohesive military group.[11]
...
Pre-modern European era
See also: International humanitarian law
One of the first references to the "laws of war", or "traditions of war" was by Cicero, who urged soldiers to observe the rules of war, since obeying the regulations separated the "men" from the "brutes". Conquering the riches and property of an enemy was regarded as legitimate reason for war in itself. Women were included with "property", since they were considered under the lawful ownership of a man, whether a father, husband, slave master, or guardian. In this context, the rape of a woman was considered a property crime committed against the man who owned the woman.[21]
The ancient Greeks considered war rape of women "socially acceptable behavior well within the rules of warfare", and warriors considered the conquered women "legitimate booty, useful as wives, concubines, slave labor, or battle-camp trophy".[21]
In the Middle Ages, and until the 19th century, this attitude and practice prevailed, and the legal protection of women in war time related indirectly to the legal protection women were granted in peace times. In medieval Europe, women were considered as an inferior gender by law.[31] The Catholic Church sought to prevent rape during feudal warfare through the institution of Peace and Truce of God which discouraged soldiers from attacking women and civilians in general and through the propagation of a Christianized version of chivalry ideal of a knight who protected innocents and did not engage in lawlessness.
According to Fadl, Medieval Islamic military jurisprudence laid down severe penalties for those who committed rape.[32] The punishment for such crimes were severe, including death, regardless of the political convictions and religion of the perpetrator.[32]
In 1159, John of Salisbury wrote Policraticus in an attempt to regulate the conduct of armies engaged in "justifiable" wars. Salisbury believed that acts of theft and "rapine" (property crimes) should receive the most severe punishment, but also believed that obeying a superior's commands whether legal or illegal, moral or immoral, was the ultimate duty of the soldier.[33]
In the 15th and 16th century, despite considerations and systematization of the laws of war, women remained objects available to the conquering male in any way whatsoever. The influential writer Francisco de Vitoria stood for a gradual emergence of the notion that glory or conquest were not necessarily acceptable reasons to start a war. The jurist Alberico Gentili insisted that all women, including female combatants, should be spared from sexual assault in wartime. However, in practice war rape was common.[citation needed]
It is suggested that one reason for the prevalence of war rape was that at the time, military circles supported the notion that all persons, including women and children, were still the enemy, with the belligerent having conquering rights over them.[19] In the late Middle Ages, the laws of war even considered war rape as an indication of a man's success in the battlefield and "opportunities to rape and loot were among the few advantages open to... soldiers, who were paid with great irregularity by their leaders....triumph over women by rape became a way to measure victory, part of a soldier's proof of masculinity and success, a tangible reward for services rendered....an actual reward of war".[22]
During this period in history, war rape took place not necessarily as a conscious effort of war to terrorize the enemy, but rather as earned compensation for winning a war. There is little evidence to suggest that superiors regularly ordered subordinates to commit acts of rape.[34] Throughout this period of history war became more regulated, specific, and regimented. The first formal prosecution for war crimes did not take place until the late Middle Ages.[34]
- gang culture and organise crime basically spread across the world when humans discovered how to traverse/travel around the world
- concepts of pride and honour all linked from ancient times. The fact that kids seem to not care about these issues tells you that this is an external/introduced idea?
honour killing
An honor killing or shame killing[1] is the murder of a member of a family, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family, or has violated the principles of a community or a religion with an honor culture. Typical reasons include divorcing or separating from their spouse, refusing to enter an arranged, child or forced marriage, being in a relationship or having associations with social groups outside the family that is strongly disapproved by one's family, having premarital or extramarital sex, becoming the victim of rape or sexual assault, dressing in clothing, jewelry and accessories which are deemed inappropriate, engaging in non-heterosexual relations or renouncing a faith.[2][3][4][5][6]
loss of face
Face is a class of behaviors and customs operating (active) in different countries and cultures, associated with the morality, honor, and authority of an individual (or group of individuals), and its image in social groups.
...
Definitions
Although Chinese writer Lin Yutang claimed "Face cannot be translated or defined",[1] compare these definitions:
Face is an image of self,[2] delineated in terms of approved social attributes.
Face is the respectability and/or deference which a person can claim for himself or herself from others.
Face is something that is emotionally invested, and that can be lost, maintained, or enhanced, and must be constantly attended to in interaction.
Face is a sense of worth that comes from knowing one's status[3] and reflecting concern with the congruence between one's performance or appearance and one's real worth.
"Face" means "sociodynamic valuation", a lexical hyponym[4] of words meaning "prestige; dignity; honor; respect;[5] status".
An honor killing or shame killing[1] is the murder of a member of a family, due to the perpetrators' belief that the victim has brought shame or dishonor upon the family, or has violated the principles of a community or a religion with an honor culture. Typical reasons include divorcing or separating from their spouse, refusing to enter an arranged, child or forced marriage, being in a relationship or having associations with social groups outside the family that is strongly disapproved by one's family, having premarital or extramarital sex, becoming the victim of rape or sexual assault, dressing in clothing, jewelry and accessories which are deemed inappropriate, engaging in non-heterosexual relations or renouncing a faith.[2][3][4][5][6]
Though both men and women commit and are victims of honor killings, in some cultures the code of honor has different standards for men and women, including stricter standards for chastity for women and duty for men to commit violent acts if demanded by honor. In some cases the honor code is part of a larger social system that subjugates women to men. These asymmetries, combined with the predominance of heterosexual relationships and male perpetrators of violence, means honor killings are disproportionately violence against women. Prevention and punishment of honor killings and similar crimes of passion are issues of interest to local and international advocates for women's rights, men's rights, LGBT rights, freedom of religion, and groups against domestic violence in general.
Honor killing is a type of domestic violence in the broadest sense of violence within a family (not limited to intimate partner violence, which is another common meaning of the term). The justice systems of some countries, whether by explicit provisions of by lack of enforcement of existing laws, either do not prosecute or dispense reduced penalties for killings committed in the name of family honor. Some jurisdictions have more lenient penalties for crimes of passion committed without premeditation (such as murder immediately upon discovery of adultery), or explicitly have reduced penalties for a husband who kills a cheating wife (but not necessarily the reverse).[7] Special treatment of crimes of passion apply whether or not the killing is made in the name of honor, but perpetrators of honor killings can benefit from these rules, and the exceptions raise similar objections from anti-violence advocates.
Izzat (Hindustani: इज़्ज़त / عزت, Bengali: ইজ্জত) is the concept of honour prevalent in the culture of North India, Bangladesh and Pakistan.[1] It applies universally across religions (Hindu, Muslim and Sikh), communities and genders.[2][3][4] Maintaining the reputation of oneself and one's family is part of the concept of izzat, as is the obligatory taking of revenge when one's izzat has been violated.[5]
The concept of izzat has been viewed as curtailing the freedom of women, yet characterised on a general level as a concept that cuts across social hierarchy and enforces "equality in giving, but also equality in vengeance."[5][6] The idea of reciprocity, in both friendship and enmity, is deeply embedded in izzat. It is required that a person come to the assistance of those who have helped that person earlier.[5] To not do so is to dishonour one's debt and lose izzat.[5]
Karma (/ˈkɑːrmə/; Sanskrit: कर्म, romanized: karma, IPA: [ˈkɐɽmɐ] (About this soundlisten); Pali: kamma) means action, work or deed;[1] it also refers to the spiritual principle of cause and effect where intent and actions of an individual (cause) influence the future of that individual (effect).[2] Good intent and good deeds contribute to good karma and happier rebirths, while bad intent and bad deeds contribute to bad karma and bad rebirths.[3][4]
The philosophy of karma is closely associated with the idea of rebirth in many schools of Indian religions (particularly Hinduism, Buddhism, Jainism and Sikhism[5]) as well as Taoism.[6] In these schools, karma in the present affects one's future in the current life, as well as the nature and quality of future lives – one's saṃsāra.[7][8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karma
- lynchings started out from the United Kingdom and United States Empires? They continue in other parts of the world to this day? All sorts of different reasons have been used for justification including religion, race, class, etc?
News21 - Hate in America - This documentary covers the legacy of hate, and how it shaped America
License to Hate - White Supremacy in the US _ Fault Lines
Blackface Montage from Spike Lee's Bamboozled
Blackface Montage from Spike Lee's Bamboozled
Al Jazeera Investigations – Generation Hate Part 1
Al Jazeera Investigations – Generation Hate Part 2
Lynching is a premeditated extrajudicial killing by a group. It is most often used to characterize informal public executions by a mob in order to punish an alleged transgressor, punish a convicted transgressor, or intimidate a group. It can also be an extreme form of informal group social control, and it is often conducted with the display of a public spectacle (often in the form of hanging) for maximum intimidation.[1] Instances of lynchings and similar mob violence can be found in every society.[2][3][4]
In the United States, lynchings of African Americans became frequent in the South during the period after the Reconstruction era and they continued to be carried out into the 20th century. Lynchings are common in many contemporary societies, particularly in countries with high crime rates such as Brazil, Guatemala and South Africa.
In 2020, lynching became a federal hate crime in the United States.[5]
Contents
1 Etymology
2 History
3 United States
3.1 Dyer Bill
3.2 Decline and Civil Rights Movement
3.3 Civil rights law
3.4 Felony lynching
3.5 Effects
4 Europe
5 Mexico
6 Brazil
7 Guatemala
8 Dominican Republic
9 Haiti
10 South Africa
11 Nigeria
12 Palestinian territories
13 Israel
14 Afghanistan
15 India
16 In popular culture
16.1 "Strange Fruit"
16.2 The Hateful Eight
16.3 de Witt Assassination (The Netherlands, 1672)
16.4 Literature
17 See also
18 Notes
19 References
20 Further reading
21 External links
Order in the streets broke down as rumours arose of suspicious foreigners setting fires. The fears of the homeless focused on the French and Dutch, England's enemies in the ongoing Second Anglo-Dutch War; these substantial immigrant groups became victims of lynchings and street violence. On Tuesday, the fire spread over most of the City, destroying St Paul's Cathedral and leaping the River Fleet to threaten King Charles II's court at Whitehall. Coordinated firefighting efforts were simultaneously mobilising; the battle to quench the fire is considered to have been won by two factors: the strong east winds died down, and the Tower of London garrison used gunpowder to create effective firebreaks to halt further spread eastward.
The social and economic problems created by the disaster were overwhelming. Evacuation from London and resettlement elsewhere were strongly encouraged by Charles II, who feared a London rebellion amongst the dispossessed refugees. Despite several radical proposals, London was reconstructed on essentially the same street plan used before the fire.[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Fire_of_London
- honor through employment seems to stem from many places?
A rōnin (浪人, "drifter" or "wanderer")[1][2] was a samurai without a lord or master during the feudal period (1185–1868) of Japan. A samurai became masterless upon the death of his master, or after the loss of his master's favor or privilege.[3]
In modern Japanese usage, sometimes the term is used to describe a salaryman who is unemployed or a secondary school graduate who has not yet been admitted to university.[4][5]
Samurai (侍, /ˈsæmʊraɪ/) were the hereditary military nobility and officer caste of medieval and early-modern Japan from the 12th century to their abolition in the 1870s. They were the well-paid retainers of the daimyo (the great feudal landholders). They had high prestige and special privileges such as wearing two swords. They cultivated the bushido codes of martial virtues, indifference to pain, and unflinching loyalty, engaging in many local battles. During the peaceful Edo era (1603 to 1868) they became the stewards and chamberlains of the daimyo estates, gaining managerial experience and education. In the 1870s they were 5% of the population. The Meiji Revolution ended their feudal roles and they moved into professional and entrepreneurial roles. Their memory and weaponry remain prominent in Japanese popular culture.
Machismo (/məˈtʃiːzmoʊ, mɑː-, -ˈtʃɪ-/; Spanish: [maˈtʃizmo]; Portuguese: [maˈʃiʒmu]; from Spanish and Portuguese "macho", male)[1] is the sense of being 'manly' and self-reliant, the concept associated with "a strong sense of masculine pride: an exaggerated masculinity."[2] It is associated with "a man's responsibility to provide for, protect, and defend his family."[3]
The word macho has a long history in both Spain and Portugal as well as in Spanish and Portuguese languages. It was originally associated with the ideal societal role men were expected to play in their communities, most particularly, Iberian language-speaking societies and countries. Macho in Portuguese and Spanish is a strictly masculine term, derived from the Latin mascŭlus meaning male (today hombre or varón, c.f. Portuguese homem and now-obsolete for humans varão; macho and varão, in their most common sense, are used for males of non-human animal species). Machos in Iberian-descended cultures are expected to possess and display bravery, courage and strength as well as wisdom and leadership, and ser macho (literally, "to be a macho") was an aspiration for all boys.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machismo
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=last+samurai+honor
The Last Samurai 末代武士  (The final emperor scene)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yx5aWtDZcTE
The Philosophy of The Last Samurai
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdLBpcguoDM
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=last+samurai+emperor+honor
We Cannot Forget Who We Are Or Where We Come From
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eYSHUhiAEjs
- belief in monogamy/anti-adultery came from religion but even animals won't put up with it?
https://www.smh.com.au/world/asia/reform-at-last-adultery-will-no-longer-be-a-crime-in-taiwan-20200529-p54xnf.html
Three’s a Crowd in this Orangutan Relationship
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kwPFnFhl_z0
The term adultery refers to sexual acts between a married person and someone who is not that person's spouse.[10][11][12] It may arise in a number of contexts. In criminal law, adultery was a criminal offence in many countries in the past, and is still a crime in some countries today. In family law, adultery may be a ground for divorce,[13] with the legal definition of adultery being "physical contact with an alien and unlawful organ",[14] while in some countries today, adultery is not in itself grounds for divorce. Extramarital sexual acts not fitting this definition are not "adultery" though they may constitute "unreasonable behavior", also a ground of divorce.
Another issue is the issue of paternity of a child. The application of the term to the act appears to arise from the idea that "criminal intercourse with a married woman ... tended to adulterate the issue [children] of an innocent husband ... and to expose him to support and provide for another man's [children]".[15] Thus, the "purity" of the children of a marriage is corrupted, and the inheritance is altered.
Some adultery laws differentiate based on the sex of the participants, and as a result such laws are often seen as discriminatory, and in some jurisdictions they have been struck down by courts, usually on the basis that they discriminated against women.[16][17]
The term adultery, rather than extramarital sex, implies a moral condemnation of the act; as such it is usually not a neutral term because it carries an implied judgment that the act is wrong.[18]
Adultery refers to sexual relations which are not officially legitimized; for example it does not refer to having sexual intercourse with multiple partners in the case of polygamy (when a man is married to more than one wife at a time, called polygyny; or when a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, called polyandry).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adultery
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/10/human-like-animal-behaviours-and.html
- polygamy has been around for a thousands of years...
japanese concubine
In many ancient cultures and religious traditions, rulers and elite members of society not only had wives, they also had concubines. Concubines normally served a dual purpose – to increase a man’s prestige through his capacity to produce children and, of course, limitless opportunities to indulge in sexual desires.  Most people associate concubines with ancient China where Emperors were known to have kept thousands of concubines, however, the practice of taking concubines is certainly not exclusive to China.
The practice of taking a concubine goes back thousands of years to the civilizations of ancient Mesopotamia and Babylonia where the elite members of society took concubines, many of whom were slaves, however, the first wife always retained a place of primacy in the family. In some city-states, women served as priestesses and held a very high social rank.  Generally, these women did not marry.  In some Mesopotamian cultures, men would visit these women as prostitutes, which society not only condoned, but considered an honourable fulfilment of religious duty, regardless of the marital status of the man.
Concubines and religion
Concubines appeared in the Bible as well. The Israelites often kept concubines in addition to their wives. Wives had dowries but concubines did not and this was the chief method of distinguishing between the two social positions. One of the most famous keepers of concubines in the Bible was King Solomon (1011 – 931 BC), who was said to have three hundred concubines in addition to his seven hundred wives. While concubinage is not acceptable in Christianity today, some Bible commentators have suggested that God allowed men to have more than one wife or several concubines during the period from the Great Flood until the Old Covenant in order to build up the world's population.
In Judaism, concubines are referred to by the Hebrew term pilegesh meaning "a mistress staying in house". According to the Babylonian Talmud, the difference between a concubine and a full wife was that the latter received a marriage contract and her marriage was preceded by a formal betrothal. Neither was the case for a concubine.  Certain Jewish thinkers, such as Maimonides, believed that concubines were strictly reserved for kings, and thus that a commoner may not have a concubine. Indeed, such thinkers argued that commoners may not engage in any type of sexual relations outside of a marriage.
In Islam, taking a concubine was also permitted. Chapter four, verse three of the Quran states that a man may be married to a maximum of four women if he can treat them with justice, and if he is unable to be just among plural wives, he may marry only one woman or depend on his slave woman. Concubinage was considered acceptable as a social need only under certain guidelines.  In ancient times, two sources for concubines were permitted under an Islamic regime. Primarily, non-Muslim women taken as prisoners of war were made concubines as happened after the Battle of Bani Qariza.  Alternately, in ancient (Pagan/Pre-Islamic) times, sale and purchase of human slaves was a socially legal exercise. However, on embracing Islam, it was encouraged to free slave women or bring them into formal marriage.
The historian Al-Tabari calculated that the Prophet Muhammad married a total of fifteen women, though only ever eleven at one time, and had at least four concubines.  All of Muhammad’s concubines were his slaves. According to records, Muhammad used to visit all eleven of his wives in one night.
The Church of England (C of E) is the established church of England.[3][4][5] The Archbishop of Canterbury is the most senior cleric, although the monarch is the supreme governor. The Church of England is also the mother church of the international Anglican Communion. It traces its history to the Christian church recorded as existing in the Roman province of Britain by the third century, and to the 6th-century Gregorian mission to Kent led by Augustine of Canterbury.[6][7][8]
The English church renounced papal authority when Henry VIII failed to secure an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon in 1534.[9] The English Reformation accelerated under Edward VI's regents, before a brief restoration of papal authority under Queen Mary I and King Philip. The Act of Supremacy 1558 renewed the breach, and the Elizabethan Settlement charted a course enabling the English church to describe itself as both catholic and reformed:
Catholic in that it views itself as a part of the universal church of Jesus Christ in unbroken continuity with the early apostolic church. This is expressed in its emphasis on the teachings of the early Church Fathers, as formalised in the Apostles', Nicene, and Athanasian creeds.[10]
Reformed in that it has been shaped by some of the doctrinal principles of the 16th-century Protestant Reformation, in particular in the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion and the Book of Common Prayer.[10]
ancient egypt women
Women in ancient Egypt had some special rights other women did not have in other comparable societies. They could own property and were, at court, legally equal to men. However, Ancient Egypt was a society dominated by men. Women could not have important positions in administration, though there were women rulers and even women pharaohs. Women at the royal court gained their positions by relationship to male kings.[1]
Polygamy (from Late Greek πολυγαμία, polygamía, "state of marriage to many spouses")[1][2][3][4] is the practice of marrying multiple spouses. When a man is married to more than one wife at a time, sociologists call this polygyny. When a woman is married to more than one husband at a time, it is called polyandry. If a marriage includes multiple husbands and wives, it can be called a group marriage.
In contrast, monogamy is marriage consisting of only two parties. Like "monogamy", the term "polygamy" is often used in a de facto sense, applied regardless of whether the state recognizes the relationship.[n 1] In sociobiology and zoology, researchers use polygamy in a broad sense to mean any form of multiple mating.
Worldwide, different societies variously encourage, accept or outlaw polygamy. Of societies which allow or tolerate polygamy, in the vast majority of cases the form accepted is polygyny. According to the Ethnographic Atlas (1998), of 1,231 societies noted, 588 had frequent polygyny, 453 had occasional polygyny, 186 were monogamous and 4 had polyandry;[5] although more recent research suggests polyandry may be more common than previously thought.[6] In cultures which practice polygamy, its prevalence among that population is often connected to class and socioeconomic status.[7]
From a legal point of view, in many countries, although marriage is legally monogamous (a person can only have one spouse, and bigamy is illegal), adultery is not illegal, leading to a situation of de facto polygamy being allowed, although without legal recognition for non-official "spouses".
According to scientific studies, the human mating system is considered to be primarily monogamous, with cultural practice of polygamy to be in the minority, based on both surveys of world populations,[8][9] and on characteristics of human reproductive physiology.[10][11][12]
Polyandry (/ˈpɒliˌændri, ˌpɒliˈæn-/; from Greek: πολυ- poly-, "many" and ἀνήρ anēr, "man") is a form of polygamy in which a woman takes two or more husbands at the same time. Polyandry is contrasted with polygyny, involving one male and two or more females. If a marriage involves a plural number of "husbands and wives" participants of each gender, then it can be called polygamy,[1] group or conjoint marriage.[2] In its broadest use, polyandry refers to sexual relations with multiple males within or without marriage.
Of the 1,231 societies listed in the 1980 Ethnographic Atlas, 186 were found to be monogamous; 453 had occasional polygyny; 588 had more frequent polygyny; and 4 had polyandry.[3] Polyandry is less rare than this figure suggests, as it considered only those examples found in the Himalayan mountains (28 societies). More recent studies have found more than 50 other societies practicing polyandry.[4]
Fraternal polyandry is practiced among Tibetans in Nepal and parts of China, in which two or more brothers are married to the same wife, with the wife having equal "sexual access" to them.[5][6] It is associated with partible paternity, the cultural belief that a child can have more than one father.[4]
Polyandry is believed to be more likely in societies with scarce environmental resources. It is believed to limit human population growth and enhance child survival.[6][7] It is a rare form of marriage that exists not only among peasant families but also among the elite families.[8] For example, polyandry in the Himalayan mountains is related to the scarcity of land. The marriage of all brothers in a family to the same wife allows family land to remain intact and undivided. If every brother married separately and had children, family land would be split into unsustainable small plots. In contrast, very poor persons not owning land were less likely to practice polyandry in Buddhist Ladakh and Zanskar.[6] In Europe, the splitting up of land was prevented through the social practice of impartible inheritance. With most siblings disinherited, many of them became celibate monks and priests.[9]
Polyandrous mating systems are also a common phenomenon in the animal kingdom.
- first armed forces appeared around 300-500BC. Merceneries used when the state didn't have enough money much like now with Private Military Companies. Definitely not a new idea
the first armed forces
India
India's armies were among the first in the world. The first recorded battle, the Battle of the Ten Kings, happened when an Hindu Aryan king named Sudas defeated an alliance of ten kings and their supportive chieftains. During the Iron Age, the Maurya and Nanda Empires had the largest armies in the world, the peak being approximately over 600,000 Infantry, 30,000 Cavalry, 8,000 War-Chariots and 9,000 War Elephants not including tributary state allies.[1][2][3][4] In the Gupta age, large armies of longbowmen were recruited to fight off invading horse archer armies. Elephants, pikemen and cavalry were other featured troops.
In Rajput times, the main piece of equipment was iron or chain-mail armour, a round shield, either a curved blade or a straight-sword, a chakra disc and a katar dagger.[citation needed]
China
A bronze crossbow trigger mechanism and butt plate that were mass-produced in the Warring States period (475-221 BCE)
The states of China raised armies for at least 1000 years before the Spring and Autumn Annals[citation needed]. By the Warring States period, the crossbow had been perfected enough to become a military secret, with bronze bolts which could pierce any armor. Thus any political power of a state rested on the armies and their organization. China underwent political consolidation of the states of Han (韓), Wei (魏), Chu (楚), Yan (燕), Zhao (趙) and Qi (齊), until by 221 BCE, Qin Shi Huang (秦始皇帝), the first emperor of the Qin dynasty, attained absolute power. This first emperor of China could command the creation of a Terracotta Army to guard his tomb in the city of Xi'an (西安), as well as a realignment of the Great Wall of China to strengthen his empire against insurrection, invasion and incursion.
Sun Tzu's The Art of War remains one of China's Seven Military Classics, even though it is two thousand years old.[5] Since no political figure could exist without an army, measures were taken to ensure only the most capable leaders could control the armies.[6] Civil bureaucracies (士大夫) arose to control the productive power of the states, and their military power.[7]
Sparta
The Spartan Army was one of the earliest known professional armies. Boys were sent to a barracks at the age of seven or eight to train for becoming a soldier. At the age of thirty they were released from the barracks and allowed to marry and have a family. After that, men devoted their lives to war until their retirement at the age of 60. Unlike other civilizations, whose armies had to disband during the planting and harvest seasons, the Spartan serfs or helots, did the manual labor.
This allowed the Spartans to field a full-time army with a campaign season that lasted all year.[citation needed] The Spartan Army was largely composed of hoplites, equipped with arms and armor nearly identical to each other. Each hoplite bore the Spartan emblem and a scarlet uniform. The main pieces of this armor were a round shield, a spear and a helmet.
...
Early modern
First nation states lacked the funds needed to maintain standing forces, so they tended to hire mercenaries to serve in their armies during wartime. Such mercenaries typically formed at the ends of periods of conflict, when men-at-arms were no longer needed by their respective governments.
The veteran soldiers thus looked for other forms of employment, often becoming mercenaries. Free Companies would often specialize in forms of combat that required longer periods of training that was not available in the form of a mobilized militia.
As late as the 1650s, most troops were mercenaries. However, after the 17th century, most states invested in better disciplined and more politically reliable permanent troops. For a time mercenaries became important as trainers and administrators, but soon these tasks were also taken by the state. The massive size of these armies required a large supporting force of administrators.
The newly centralized states were forced to set up vast organized bureaucracies to manage these armies, which some historians argue is the basis of the modern bureaucratic state. The combination of increased taxes and increased centralisation of government functions caused a series of revolts across Europe such as the Fronde in France and the English Civil War.
In many countries, the resolution of this conflict was the rise of absolute monarchy. Only in England and the Netherlands did representative government evolve as an alternative. From the late 17th century, states learned how to finance wars through long term low interest loans from national banking institutions. The first state to master this process was the Dutch Republic. This transformation in the armies of Europe had great social impact. The defense of the state now rested on the commoners, not on the aristocrats.
However, aristocrats continued to monopolise the officer corps of almost all early modern armies, including their high command. Moreover, popular revolts almost always failed unless they had the support and patronage of the noble or gentry classes. The new armies, because of their vast expense, were also dependent on taxation and the commercial classes who also began to demand a greater role in society. The great commercial powers of the Dutch and English matched much larger states in military might.
As any man could be quickly trained in the use of a musket, it became far easier to form massive armies. The inaccuracy of the weapons necessitated large groups of massed soldiers. This led to a rapid swelling of the size of armies. For the first time huge masses of the population could enter combat, rather than just the highly skilled professionals.
It has been argued that the drawing of men from across the nation into an organized corps helped breed national unity and patriotism, and during this period the modern notion of the nation state was born. However, this would only become apparent after the French Revolutionary Wars. At this time, the levée en masse and conscription would become the defining paradigm of modern warfare.
The Iron Age is the final epoch of the three-age division of the prehistory and protohistory of humanity. It was preceded by the Stone Age and the Bronze Age. The concept has been mostly applied to Europe and the Ancient Near East, and, by analogy, also to other parts of the Old World.
A private military company (PMC) is a private company providing armed combat or security services for financial gain. PMCs refer to their staff as "security contractors" or "private military contractors". Private military companies refer to their business generally as the "private military industry" or "The Circuit".[1]
The services and expertise offered by PMCs are typically similar to those of governmental security, military or police forces, most often on a smaller scale. While PMCs often provide services to train or supplement official armed forces in service of governments, they can also be employed by private companies to provide bodyguards for key staff or protection of company premises, especially in hostile territories. However, contractors who use offensive force in a war zone could be considered unlawful combatants, in reference to a concept outlined in the Geneva Conventions and explicitly specified by the 2006 American Military Commissions Act.[2] There has been controversy over whether PMCs in active combat zones should be considered mercenaries.
The services of private contractors are used around the world. P. W. Singer, author of Corporate Warriors: The Rise of the Privatized Military Industry, says "In geographic terms, it operates in over 50 different countries. It’s operated in every single continent but Antarctica." Singer states that in the 1990s there used to be 50 military personnel for every 1 contractor, and now the ratio is 10 to 1. He also points out that these contractors have a number of duties depending on whom they are hired by. In developing countries that have natural resources, such as oil refineries in Iraq, they are hired to guard the area. They are also hired to guard companies that contract services and reconstruction efforts such as General Electric. Apart from securing companies, they secure officials and government affiliates. Private military companies carry out many different missions and jobs. Some examples include close protection for the Afghan president Hamid Karzai and piloting reconnaissance airplanes and helicopters as a part of Plan Colombia.[3][4] According to a study from 2003 the PMC industry was worth over $100 billion a year at that time.[5]
According to a 2008 study by the Office of the Director of National Intelligence, private contractors make up 29% of the workforce in the United States Intelligence Community and cost the equivalent of 49% of their personnel budgets.[6]
...
Private paramilitary forces are functionally mercenary armies, though they may serve as security guards or military advisors; however, national governments reserve the right to control the number, nature, and armaments of such private armies, arguing that, provided they are not pro-actively employed in front-line combat, they are not mercenaries. That said, PMC "civilian contractors" have poor repute among professional government soldiers[14] and officers—the U.S. Military Command[14] have questioned their war zone behavior. In September 2005, Brigadier General Karl Horst, deputy commander of the Third Infantry Division charged with Baghdad security after the 2003 invasion, said of DynCorp and other PMCs in Iraq: "These guys run loose in this country and do stupid stuff. There's no authority over them, so you can't come down on them hard when they escalate force... They shoot people, and someone else has to deal with the aftermath. It happens all over the place."[14] Speaking of the use of American PMCs in Colombia, the former U.S. Ambassador to Colombia Myles Frechette has said: "Congress and the American people don’t want any servicemen killed overseas. So it makes sense that if contractors want to risk their lives, they get the job".[15]
The documentation of military history begins with the confrontation between Sumer (current Iraq) and Elam (current Iran) c. 2700 BC near the modern Basra. Other prominent records in military history are the Trojan War in Homer's Iliad (though its historicity has been challenged), The Histories by Herodotus (484 BC – 425 BC) who is often called the "father of history".[19] Next was Thucydides whose impartiality, despite being an Athenian, allowed him to take advantage of his exile to research the war from different perspectives by carefully examining documents and interviewing eyewitnesses.[20] An approach centered on the analysis of a leader was taken by Xenophon (430 BC – 355 BC) in Anabasis, recording the expedition of Cyrus the Younger into Anatolia.
The records of the Roman Julius Caesar (100 BC – 44 BC) enable a comparative approach for campaigns such as Commentarii de Bello Gallico and Commentarii de Bello Civili.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_private_military_contractors
- if you understand the Imperial/Colonial era, Gunboat diplomacy, hybrid warfare, deterrence, and Mutually Assurred Destruction (MAD) theory then you understand why some countries spend so much on defense in spite of their being no obvious threat on the horizon
I'm on setanta (EP38) Jose interviews fat Rafa Benitez (jes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1hZG3arPGw8
I'm on setanta (EP12) Sven reports from the warzone
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mFMFhyg3IQM
Why is worldwide military spending going up _ Inside Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z8WzncQ3D-k
UpFront - Dr. Shashi Tharoor stunned Mehdi Hasan on Al Jazeera
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F_4xa4J_X1M
In international politics, gunboat diplomacy (or Big Stick ideology in U.S. history) refers to the pursuit of foreign policy objectives with the aid of conspicuous displays of naval power, implying or constituting a direct threat of warfare should terms not be agreeable to the superior force.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunboat_diplomacy
https://sputniknews.com/analysis/202004271079105337-trump-is-waging-psy-war-against-venezuela-seeking-to-demoralise-its-leadership--people-prof-warns/
https://www.theaustralian.com.au/world/the-times/fast-and-furious-beijings-new-warship-built-in-lockdown/news-story/92a50b84d1ab5a5e7d5b28837d49d4bf
https://www.itwire.com/government-tech-policy/us-tightens-rules-for-tech-exports-to-china.html
https://www.defencetalk.com/two-advances-for-chinese-navy-after-monthlong-aircraft-carrier-voyage-near-japan-taiwan-75400/
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=thunder+and+lightning+comedy
The Rundown (4_10) Movie CLIP - A Very Unpleasant Individual (2003) HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=25yR3OUlVbI
https://www.rt.com/usa/487605-guam-b1b-bombers-deterrence/
military drill
https://www.britannica.com/topic/drill-military
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_parade
https://www.military.com/join-armed-forces/the-importance-of-drill.html
- supremacist thinking tells you why indigenous people were basically wiped out, subjected to external rule, have fewer rights, and why they seem to have few or no rights over their own land? The origin seems to be in religion which is several thousand years old? This is a global issue not just limited to a particular country or region
Terra nullius (/ˈtɛrə.nʌˈlaɪəs/, plural terrae nullius) is a Latin expression meaning "nobody's land".[1] It was a principle sometimes used in international law to justify claims that territory may be acquired by a state's occupation of it.[2] It denotes land that has never been a part of a sovereign nation-state, such as Bir Tawil. International law adopts much of Roman property law in regard to acquisition of sovereignty due to the underlying European civil law at the time of early discovery voyages such as Christopher Columbus.[3] The Roman law concepts acquisition of ownership (in international law, termed state's sovereignty) of vacant territory or terra nullius therefore continues to apply in the modern age. This concept was often applied historically to land already possessed by indigenous populations and is subject to ongoing academic and political debate.[4]
...
Terra nullius stems from the Roman law term res nullius, meaning nobody's thing. According to the Roman law res nullius, or things without an owner, such as wild animals (ferae beastiae), lost slaves and abandoned buildings could be taken as property by anyone by seizure.
A part of the debate over the history of terra nullius is when the term itself was first used. According to historian of ideas Andrew Fitzmaurice, territorium nullius and terra nullius were two different, albeit related, legal terms. He claims that territorium nullius was first used in a meeting of the Institut de Droit International in 1888 where the legal principles of the Berlin conference were discussed and that terra nullius was introduced twenty years later during legal disputes over the polar regions.[5] Historian Michael Connor on the other hand, argues that territorium nullius and terra nullius are the same thing.[6] Both scholars are active in the Australian history wars debate.
There is considerable debate among historians about how and when the terra nullius concepts were used. The debate has been especially prevalent in Australia where it was ignited by the history wars caused by the Mabo case in 1992. The history wars caused Australian historians to reevaluate the country's history, the dispossession of Aborigines and whether the land should best be characterized as having been "settled" or "conquered". A part of this debate concerned whether terra nullius as a concept was ever used by England and other European powers to justify territorial conquest.
Aboriginal title is a common law doctrine that the land rights of indigenous peoples to customary tenure persist after the assumption of sovereignty under settler colonialism. The requirements of proof for the recognition of aboriginal title, the content of aboriginal title, the methods of extinguishing aboriginal title, and the availability of compensation in the case of extinguishment vary significantly by jurisdiction. Nearly all jurisdictions are in agreement that aboriginal title is inalienable, and that it may be held either individually or collectively.
Aboriginal title was first acknowledged in the early 19th century, in decisions in which indigenous peoples were not a party. Significant aboriginal title litigation resulting in victories for indigenous peoples did not arise until recent decades. The majority of court cases have been litigated in Australia, Canada, Malaysia, New Zealand, and the United States. Aboriginal title is an important area of comparative law, with many cases being cited as persuasive authority across jurisdictions. Many commentators[who?] believe that the doctrine is applicable in all common law legal systems.
Aboriginal title is also referred to as indigenous title, native title (particularly in Australia), original Indian title (particularly in the United States), and customary title (particularly in New Zealand). Aboriginal title jurisprudence is related to indigenous rights, influencing and influenced by non-land issues, such as whether the government owes a fiduciary duty to indigenous peoples. While the judge-made doctrine arises from customary international law, it has been codified nationally by legislation, treaties, and constitutions.
Right to rule
In Quid super his, Innocent IV, asked the question "[I]s it licit to invade a land that infidels possess or which belongs to them?" and held that while Infidels had a right to dominium (right to rule themselves and choose their own governments), the pope, as the Vicar of Christ, de jure possessed the care of their souls and had the right to politically intervene in their affairs if their ruler violated or allowed his subjects to violate a Christian and Euro-centric normative conception of Natural law, such as sexual perversion or idolatry.[17] He also held that he had an obligation to send missionaries to infidel lands, and that if they were prevented from entering or preaching, then the pope was justified in dispatching Christian forces accompanied with missionaries to invade those lands, as Innocent stated simply "If the infidels do not obey, they ought to be compelled by the secular arm and war may be declared upon them by the pope, and nobody else."[18] This was however not a reciprocal right and non-Christian missionaries such as those of Muslims could not be allowed to preach in Europe "because they are in error and we are on a righteous path."[17]
A long line of Papal hierocratic canonists, most notably those who adhered to Alanus Anglicus's influential arguments of the Crusading-era, denied Infidel dominium, and asserted Rome's universal jurisdictional authority over the earth, as well as the right to authorize pagan conquests solely on the basis of non-belief because of their rejection of the Christian God.[19] In the extreme, hierocractic canonical discourse of the mid-twelfth century, such as that espoused by Bernard of Clairvaux, the mystic leader of the Cisertcians, legitimized German colonial expansion and practice of forceful Christianisation in the Slavic territories as a holy war against the Wends, arguing that infidels should be killed wherever they posed a menace to Christians. When Frederick the II unilaterally arrogated papal authority, he took on the mantle to "destroy convert, and subjugate all barbarian nations," a power in papal doctrine reserved for the pope. Hostiensis, a student of Innocent, in accord with Alanus, also asserted "... by law infidels should be subject to the faithful." John Wyclif, regarded as the forefather of English Reformation, also held that valid dominium rested on a state of grace.[20]
The Teutonic Knights were one of the by-products of this papal hierocratic and German discourse. After the Crusades in the Levant, they moved to crusading activities in the infidel Baltics. Their crusades against the Lithuanians and Poles, however, precipitated the Lithuanian Controversy, and the Council of Constance, following the condemnation of Wyclif, found Hostiensis's views no longer acceptable and ruled against the knights. Future Church doctrine was then firmly aligned with Innocents IV's position.[21]
The later development of counterarguments on the validity of Papal authority, the rights of infidels, and the primacy of natural law led to various treatises such as those by Hugo Grotius, John Locke, Immanuel Kant and Thomas Hobbes, which in turn led to the transformation of international law's treatment of the relationship between Christian and non-Christian societies and the development of human rights.[citation needed]
Jewish orthodoxy
The Zealots were a political movement in 1st-century Second Temple Judaism, which sought to incite the people of Judea Province to rebel against the Roman Empire and expel it from the Holy Land by force of arms, most notably during the First Jewish–Roman War (66–70). Zealotry was the term used by Josephus for a "fourth sect" or "fourth Jewish philosophy" during this period.
The Four Horsemen are figures in Christian faith, appearing in the New Testament's final book, Revelation, an apocalypse written by John of Patmos, as well as in the Old Testament's prophetic Book of Zechariah, and in the Book of Ezekiel, where they are named as punishments from God.
Revelation 6 tells of a book/scroll in God's right hand that is sealed with seven seals. The Lamb of God/Lion of Judah opens the first four of the seven seals, which summons four beings that ride out on white, red, black, and pale horses. To Zechariah, they are described as "the ones whom the Lord has sent to patrol the earth" causing it to rest quietly. Ezekiel lists them as "sword, famine, wild beasts, and plague."
In John's revelation, the first horseman is on a white horse, carrying a bow, and given a crown, riding forward as a figure of Conquest,[1] perhaps invoking Pestilence, Christ, or the Antichrist. The second carries a sword and rides a red horse and is the creator of War.[2] The third is a food merchant riding upon a black horse, symbolizing Famine.[3] The fourth and final horse is pale green, and upon it rides Death accompanied by Hades.[4] "They were given authority over a quarter of the earth, to kill with sword, famine, and plague, and by means of the beasts of the earth."[5]
The Christian apocalyptic vision is that the Four Horsemen are to set a divine end time upon the world as harbingers of the Last Judgment.[1][6] That the number of horsemen is four is important: four is the number associated with creation (e.g., the four living creatures) or the earth (e.g., the four winds) in the Book of Revelation. On the significance of fours in Revelation, see Biblical numerology.[7]
Kafir (Arabic: كافر kāfir; plural كَافِرُونَ kāfirūna, كفّار kuffār or كَفَرَة kafarah; feminine كافرة kāfirah; feminine plural كافرات kāfirāt or كوافر kawāfir) is an Arabic term meaning "infidel",[1] "rejector",[2] "denier", "disbeliever", "unbeliever", "nonbeliever". The term[3] refers to a person who rejects or disbelieves in God as per Islam (Arabic: الله Allāh) or the tenets of Islam,[4][5] denying the dominion and authority of God, and is thus often translated as "infidel".[6] The term is used in different ways in the Quran, with the most fundamental sense being "ingratitude" (toward God).[7][8] Historically, while Islamic scholars agreed that a polytheist is a kafir, they sometimes disagreed on the propriety of applying the term to Muslims who committed a grave sin and to the People of the Book.[8][7] The Quran distinguishes between mushrikun and People of the Book, reserving the former term for idol worshipers, although some classical commentators considered Christian doctrine to be a form of shirk.[9] In modern times, kafir is sometimes used as a derogatory term,[10][3][11] particularly by members of Islamist movements.[12] Unbelief is called kufr. Kafir is sometimes used interchangeably with mushrik (مشرك, those who commit polytheism), another type of religious wrongdoer mentioned frequently in the Quran and other Islamic works.[13] The act of declaring another self-professed Muslim a kafir is known as takfir,[14] a practice that has been condemned but also employed in theological and political polemics over the centuries.[15] The person who denies the existence of a creator is called dahriya.[16][17] Kafir therefore, does not translate to, "atheist".[18]
The divine right of kings, divine right, or God's mandate is a political and religious doctrine of royal and political legitimacy. It stems from a specific metaphysical framework in which the king (or queen) is pre-selected as an heir prior to their birth. By pre-selecting the king's physical manifestation, the governed populace actively (rather than merely passively) hands the metaphysical selection of the king's soul – which will inhabit the body and thereby rule them – over to God. In this way, the "divine right" originates as a metaphysical act of humility or submission towards the Godhead. Consequentially, it asserts that a monarch (e.g. a king) is subject to no earthly authority, deriving the right to rule directly from a divine authority, like the monotheist will of God. The monarch is thus not subject to the will of his people, of the aristocracy, or of any other estate of the realm. It implies that only divine authority can judge an unjust monarch and that any attempt to depose, dethrone or restrict their powers runs contrary to God's will and may constitute a sacrilegious act. It is often expressed in the phrase "by the Grace of God", attached to the titles of a reigning monarch; although this right does not make the monarch the same as a sacred king. The divine right has been a key element for legitimizing many absolute monarchies.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings
https://www.sbs.com.au/news/as-racist-statues-topple-around-the-world-australia-urged-to-address-its-own-monuments
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-10/black-lives-matter-protests-renew-push-to-remove-statues/12337058
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Kingston
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Australia_policy
Apartheid (South African English: /əˈpɑːrteɪd/; Afrikaans: [aˈpartɦɛit], segregation; lit. "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 until the early 1990s.[note 1] Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap (or white supremacy), which ensured that South Africa was dominated politically, socially, and economically by the nation's minority white population.[4] According to this system of social stratification, white citizens had the highest status, followed in descending order by Asians, Coloureds, and black Africans.[4] The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day.[5][6][7]
Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into petty apartheid, which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and grand apartheid, which dictated housing and employment opportunities by race.[8] Prior to the 1940s, some aspects of apartheid had already emerged in the form of minority rule by white South Africans and the socially enforced separation of black Africans from other races, which later extended to pass laws and land apportionment.[9][10] Apartheid was adopted as a formal policy by the South African government after the ascension of the National Party (NP) during the 1948 general elections.[11]
A codified system of racial stratification began to take form in South Africa under the Dutch Empire in the eighteenth century, although informal segregation was present much earlier due to social cleavages between Dutch colonists and a creolised, ethnically diverse slave population.[12] With the rapid growth and industrialisation of the British Cape Colony racial policies and laws which had previously been relatively relaxed became increasingly rigid, discriminating specifically against black Africans, in the last decade of the 19th century.[13] The policies of the Boer republics were also racially exclusive; for instance, the Transvaal's constitution barred black African and Coloured participation in church and state.[14]
The first apartheid law was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949, followed closely by the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950, which made it illegal for most South African citizens to marry or pursue sexual relationships across racial lines.[15] The Population Registration Act, 1950 classified all South Africans into one of four racial groups based on appearance, known ancestry, socioeconomic status, and cultural lifestyle: "Black", "White", "Coloured", and "Indian", the last two of which included several sub-classifications.[16] Places of residence were determined by racial classification.[15] Between 1960 and 1983, 3.5 million black Africans were removed from their homes and forced into segregated neighbourhoods as a result of apartheid legislation, in some of the largest mass evictions in modern history.[17] Most of these targeted removals were intended to restrict the black population to ten designated "tribal homelands", also known as bantustans, four of which became nominally independent states.[15] The government announced that relocated persons would lose their South African citizenship as they were absorbed into the bantustans.[8]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid
This feels like a weird sentence to write, but Ben & Jerry's – yes, the ice cream company – has released quite the statement about George Floyd's death.
"The murder of George Floyd was the result of inhumane police brutality that is perpetuated by a culture of white supremacy," it says.
"What happened to George Floyd was not the result of a bad apple; it was the predictable consequence of a racist and prejudiced system and culture that has treated black bodies as the enemy from the beginning.
"What happened to George Floyd in Minneapolis is the fruit borne of toxic seeds planted on the shores of our country in Jamestown in 1619, when the first enslaved men and women arrived on this continent.
"Floyd is the latest in a long list of names that stretches back to that time and that shore. Some of those names we know – Ahmaud Arbery, Breonna Taylor, Oscar Grant, Eric Garner, Trayvon Martin, Michael Brown, Emmett Till, Martin Luther King Jr – most we don't."
Ben & Jerry's is calling on Donald Trump to disavow white supremacists and nationalist groups that "overtly support him". It also wants the US Justice Department to "reinvigorate" its Civil Rights Division.
"Unless and until white America is willing to collectively acknowledge its privilege, take responsibility for its past and the impact it has on the present, and commit to creating a future steeped in justice, the list of names that George Floyd has been added to will never end," it says.
I can't say I expected the ice cream industry to make such a strong contribution to this debate, but there you go.
https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/us-politics/us-protests-live-updates/live-coverage/0883f47dd619dd5a94f6fc904d850443
Two retired judges say a section of the constitution which allows federal laws to be made for a particular race of people should be changed, because it is a relic of Australia's past and is potentially dangerous.
The races power, in section 51(xxvi) of the constitution, gives parliament the power to make laws for "the people of any race for whom it is deemed necessary to make special laws".
It was introduced into the 1901 constitution to regulate the migration of particular races to Australia, amid concerns about Chinese and other Asian migrants after the gold rush period of the late 19th century.
Retired NSW Chief Justice James Spigelman, QC, says when it was introduced, "there was no doubt that it was a racist power".
He says the races power no longer has a place in the constitution.
"A power with respect to people is I regard a very dangerous power to confer on any legislature, even the Commonwealth parliament ... because it can be focused on particular groups by reason of their presumed characteristics, rather than what their behaviour is or what their needs are, but just because of who they are," he says.
Robert French, a retired Chief Justice of the High Court of Australia, says the term 'race' is a term of the past.
"I think the term 'race' itself is a cultural construct whose day has passed and has very little factual referent apart from what you find in so-called cultural realities," he says.
"And I think we'd be better off without it."
...
"That legislation I think remains a low point in terms of the relationship between the Commonwealth and Aboriginal people nationally but particularly in the Northern Territory," Mr McAvoy says.
He says the races power is "entirely anachronistic" and should be changed.
"The notion of distinction between peoples upon the basis of race is something that has generally been left behind internationally."
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-04/races-power-in-constitution-should-change-say-retired-judges/12312362
Indigenous people in NSW are imprisoned at a rate of more than 10 times the general population, new data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics shows.
While the general population was imprisoned in the March 2020 quarter at a rate of 220.7 people per 100,000, the state's Aboriginal population was imprisoned at a rate of 2427.4 per 100,000.
Sophie Trevitt of Change the Record, an Aboriginal led justice coalition, branded the statistics as "grim".
...
The data shows 1621 Aboriginal people - 1340 men and 281 women - were received as new prisoners across the state in the quarter leading up to March 2020. There were a total of 5144 new prisoners in NSW in that time, with Indigenous inmates representing 31 per cent of that figure; while making up about 3 per cent of the state's population.
The over representation of Indigenous people in custody is a result of "discriminatory laws and discriminatory policing", Ms Trevitt said.
"Discriminatory laws like public drunkenness, incarceration for unpaid fines and other laws that target poverty and the social consequences of a colonial history impact [on Aboriginal people] disproportionately," she said.
"The other side is discriminatory policing."
https://www.smh.com.au/national/nsw/indigenous-people-incarcerated-at-more-than-10-times-the-rate-of-the-general-population-abs-20200604-p54zoa.html
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/audio/2020/jun/05/australias-shameful-record-on-black-deaths-in-custody
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bias
symbolic racism scale
https://condor.depaul.edu/~phenry1/SR2Kinstructions.htm
Symbolic racism (also known as modern-symbolic racism, modern racism,[1] symbolic prejudice, and racial resentment) is a coherent belief system that reflects an underlying unidimensional prejudice towards any ethnicity. These beliefs include the stereotype that blacks are morally inferior to white people, whites are racist and that black people violate traditional White American values such as hard work and independence. This is also more of a general term than it is specifically related to prejudice towards black people. These beliefs may cause the subject to discriminate against black people and to justify this discrimination.[2] Some people do not view symbolic racism as prejudice since it is not linked directly to race but indirectly through social and political issues.[3]
David O. Sears and P.J. Henry characterize symbolic racism as the expression or endorsement of four specific themes or beliefs:[4]
Blacks no longer face much prejudice or discrimination.
The failure of blacks to progress results from their unwillingness to work hard enough.
Blacks are demanding too much too fast.
Blacks have gotten more than they deserve.
Symbolic racism is a form of modern racism, as it is more subtle and indirect than more overt forms of racism,[5] such as those characterized in Jim Crow laws. As symbolic racism develops through socialization and its processes occur without conscious awareness,[6] an individual with symbolic racist beliefs may genuinely oppose racism and believe they are not racist.[7] Symbolic racism is perhaps the most prevalent racial attitude today.[8]
Symbolic has been criticized for being inconsistent in measurement and concept over time.[4] New experiments also provide evidence that responses do not differ when groups other than African Americans are referenced.[9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_racism
racial tolerance by demographic
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/05/15/a-fascinating-map-of-the-worlds-most-and-least-racially-tolerant-countries/
https://www.tolerance.org/topics/race-ethnicity
https://www.tolerance.org/classroom-resources/tolerance-lessons/talking-about-race-and-racism
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/worldviews/wp/2013/05/17/5-insights-on-the-racial-tolerance-and-ethnicity-maps-from-an-ethnic-conflict-professor/?arc404=true
Between April 2018 and March 2019, there were four stop and searches for every 1,000 white people, and 38 for every for 1,000 black people. Lammy’s analysis of sentencing data showed BAME defendants were more likely to receive prison sentences for drug offences, even when previous convictions were taken into account. This was reinforced by research commissioned by the Sentencing Council published in January, which showed that if you are from a minority you are 1.5 times more likely to go to prison for drugs offences than if you are white.
Lammy’s report proved in effect that if you placed a white man and a BAME man in the same predicament with the same previous history, with the same or similar evidence, the BAME man was more likely to be stopped, arrested, charged, denied bail, convicted and sentenced to prison. Then, while in prison, he was less likely to be supported to rehabilitate, more likely to reoffend and more likely to die in custody – and his family were less likely to get justice following that death.
...
I recall prosecuting a case where I, the defence counsel, the judge, the usher, the court legal adviser, the defence solicitor, the court stenographer and the security were all BAME and the defendant was white. How we all laughed! How we all thought this would never happen again. How right we were.
The same systemic racism applies to victims from BAME communities. There is not enough research, but we do know that if you are a white victim of domestic abuse you will suffer, on average, 35 incidents before action is taken by an authority. The equivalent number of incidents for BAME victims is 100. The latter have less confidence in reporting, higher familial and community obstacles to overcome, and fewer properly funded support groups to advise them. And when it’s more difficult for people to ask for help, it’s easier for the system to ignore them.
All of this means I am not surprised to see people marching in the streets during lockdown. The trust deficit between those in power and those they lead is greater than at any time in living history. The lies we are told have been amplified and adopted as a strategy by people who should know better.
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2020/jun/11/black-deaths-in-police-custody-the-tip-of-an-iceberg-of-racist-treatment
Seeds of slavery in Australia
Some 62,000 Melanesian people were brought to Australia and enslaved to work in Queensland’s sugar plantations between 1863 and 1904. First Nations Australians had a more enduring experience of slavery, especially in the cattle industry.
In the pastoral industry, employers exercised a high degree of control over “their” Aboriginal workers who were bought and sold as chattels, particularly where they “went with” the property upon sale. There were restrictions on their freedom of choice and movement. There was cruel treatment and abuse, control of sexuality, and forced labour.
A stock worker at Meda station in the Kimberley, Jimmy Bird, recalled:
... whitefellas would pull their gun out and kill any Aborigines who stood up to them. And there was none of this taking your time to pull up your boots either. No fear!
Aboriginal woman Ruby de Satge, who worked on a Queensland station, described the Queensland protection act as meaning:
if you are sitting down minding your own business, a station manager can come up to you and say, “I want a couple of blackfellows” … Just like picking up a cat or a dog.
Through their roles under the legislation police, Aboriginal protectors and pastoral managers were complicit in this force.
https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2020/jun/11/was-there-slavery-in-australia-yes-it-shouldnt-even-be-up-for-debate
https://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/senate/legal_and_constitutional_affairs/completed_inquiries/2004-07/stolen_wages/report/index
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_Generations
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/australia/scott-morrisons-no-slavery-comment-prompts-descendants-to-invite-him-to-sugar-cane-regions/ar-BB15mJGf
https://www.msn.com/en-au/news/australia/pm-stares-down-chinas-trade-threats-after-blistering-attack/ar-BB15jKUB
aboriginal customs
https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/national-traditions/australian-tradition1.htm
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian_Aboriginal_culture
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/mental-illness-and-human-mind-control.html
- pro-police/anti-criminal sentiment just comes from having to deal with their kind all of the time and they don't seem to care about changing their behaviour? Development of criminal law seemed to stem from religion and start started about ~2400BC? Policing started around ~1250BC in ancient China?
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=60+days+in
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/60-days-in
Some religious communities regard sin as a crime; some may even highlight the crime of sin very early in legendary or mythological accounts of origins – note the tale of Adam and Eve and the theory of original sin. What one group considers a crime may cause or ignite war or conflict. However, the earliest known civilizations had codes of law, containing both civil and penal rules mixed together, though not always in recorded form.
Ancient Near East
The Sumerians produced the earliest surviving written codes.[24] Urukagina (reigned c. 2380 BC – c. 2360 BC, short chronology) had an early code that has not survived; a later king, Ur-Nammu, left the earliest extant written law system, the Code of Ur-Nammu (c. 2100 – c. 2050 BC), which prescribed a formal system of penalties for specific cases in 57 articles. The Sumerians later issued other codes, including the "code of Lipit-Ishtar". This code, from the 20th century BCE, contains some fifty articles, and scholars have reconstructed it by comparing several sources.
The Sumerian was deeply conscious of his personal rights and resented any encroachment on them, whether by his King, his superior, or his equal. No wonder that the Sumerians were the first to compile laws and law codes.
— Kramer[25]
Successive legal codes in Babylon, including the code of Hammurabi (c. 1790 BC), reflected Mesopotamian society's belief that law derived from the will of the gods (see Babylonian law).[26][27] Many states at this time functioned as theocracies, with codes of conduct largely religious in origin or reference. In the Sanskrit texts of Dharmaśāstra (c. 1250 BC), issues such as legal and religious duties, code of conduct, penalties and remedies, etc. have been discussed and forms one of the elaborate and earliest source of legal code.[28][29]
Sir Henry Maine studied the ancient codes available in his day, and failed to find any criminal law in the "modern" sense of the word.[30] While modern systems distinguish between offences against the "state" or "community", and offences against the "individual", the so-called penal law of ancient communities did not deal with "crimes" (Latin: crimina), but with "wrongs" (Latin: delicta). Thus the Hellenic laws treated all forms of theft, assault, rape, and murder as private wrongs, and left action for enforcement up to the victims or their survivors. The earliest systems seem to have lacked formal courts.[31][32]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crime#History
history of police
Ancient policing
Law enforcement in ancient China was carried out by "prefects" for thousands of years since it developed in both the Chu and Jin kingdoms of the Spring and Autumn period. In Jin, dozens of prefects were spread across the state, each having limited authority and employment period. They were appointed by local magistrates, who reported to higher authorities such as governors, who in turn were appointed by the emperor, and they oversaw the civil administration of their "prefecture", or jurisdiction. Under each prefect were "subprefects" who helped collectively with law enforcement in the area. Some prefects were responsible for handling investigations, much like modern police detectives. Prefects could also be women.[13] Local citizens could report minor judicial offenses against them such as robberies at a local prefectural office. The concept of the "prefecture system" spread to other cultures such as Korea and Japan.
In Babylonia, law enforcement tasks were initially entrusted to individuals with military backgrounds or imperial magnates during the Old Babylonian period, but eventually, law enforcement was delegated to officers known as paqūdus, who were present in both cities and rural settlements. A paqūdu was responsible for investigating petty crimes and carrying out arrests.[14][15]
In ancient Egypt evidence of law enforcement exists as far back as the Old Kingdom period. There are records of an office known as "Judge Commandant of the Police" dating to the fourth dynasty.[16] During the fifth dynasty at the end of the Old Kingdom period, officers armed with wooden sticks were tasked with guarding public places such as markets, temples, and parks, and apprehending criminals. They are known to have made use of trained monkeys, baboons, and dogs in guard duties and catching criminals. After the Old Kingdom collapsed, ushering in the First Intermediate Period, it is thought that the same model applied. During this period, Bedouins were hired to guard the borders and protect trade caravans. During the Middle Kingdom period, a professional police force was created with a specific focus on enforcing the law, as opposed to the previous informal arrangement of using warriors as police. The police force was further reformed during the New Kingdom period. Police officers served as interrogators, prosecutors, and court bailiffs, and were responsible for administering punishments handed down by judges. In addition, there were special units of police officers trained as priests who were responsible for guarding temples and tombs and preventing inappropriate behavior at festivals or improper observation of religious rites during services. Other police units were tasked with guarding caravans, guarding border crossings, protecting royal necropolises, guarding slaves at work or during transport, patrolling the Nile River, and guarding administrative buildings. The police did not guard rural communities, which often took care of their own judicial problems by appealing to village elders, but many of them had a constable to enforce state laws.[17]
In ancient Greece, publicly owned slaves were used by magistrates as police. In Athens, a group of 300 Scythian slaves (the ῥαβδοῦχοι, "rod-bearers") was used to guard public meetings to keep order and for crowd control, and also assisted with dealing with criminals, handling prisoners, and making arrests. Other duties associated with modern policing, such as investigating crimes, were left to the citizens themselves.[18] In Sparta, a secret police force called the krypteia existed to watch the large population of helots, or slaves.[19]
In the Roman Empire, the army, rather than a dedicated police organization, initially provided security. Local watchmen were hired by cities to provide some extra security. Magistrates such as procurators fiscal and quaestors investigated crimes. There was no concept of public prosecution, so victims of crime or their families had to organize and manage the prosecution themselves. Under the reign of Augustus, when the capital had grown to almost one million inhabitants, 14 wards were created; the wards were protected by seven squads of 1,000 men called "vigiles", who acted as firemen and nightwatchmen. Their duties included apprehending thieves and robbers, capturing runaway slaves, guarding the baths at night, and stopping disturbances of the peace. The vigiles primarily dealt with petty crime, while violent crime, sedition, and rioting was handled by the Urban Cohorts and even the Praetorian Guard if necessary, though the vigiles could act in a supporting role in these situations.
Law enforcement systems existed in the various kingdoms and empires of ancient India. The Apastamba Dharmasutra prescribes that kings should appoint officers and subordinates in the towns and villages to protect their subjects from crime. Various inscriptions and literature from ancient India suggest that a variety of roles existed for law enforcement officials such as those of a constable, thief catcher, watchman, and detective.[20]
The Persian Empire had well-organized police forces. A police force existed in every place of importance. In the cities, each ward was under the command of a Superintendent of Police, known as a Kuipan, who was expected to command implicit obedience in his subordinates. Police officers also acted as prosecutors and carried out punishments imposed by the courts. They were required to know the court procedure for prosecuting cases and advancing accusations.[21]
In ancient Israel and Judah, officials with the responsibility of making declarations to the people, guarding the king's person, supervising public works, and executing the orders of the courts existed in the urban areas. They are repeatedly mentioned in the Hebrew Bible, and this system lasted into the period of Roman rule. The first century Jewish historian Josephus related that every judge had two such officers under his command. Levites were preferred for this role. Cities and towns also had night watchmen. Besides officers of the town, there were officers for every tribe. The temple in Jerusalem had special temple police to guard it. The Talmud also mentions various local police officials in the Jewish communities the Land of Israel and Babylon who supervised economic activity. Their Greek-sounding titles suggest that the roles were introduced under Hellenic influence. Most of these officials received their authority from local courts and their salaries were drawn from the town treasury. The Talmud also mentions city watchmen and mounted and armed watchmen in the suburbs.[22]
In many regions of pre-colonial Africa, particularly West and Central Africa, guild-like secret societies emerged as law enforcement. In the absence of a court system or written legal code, they carried out police-like activities, employing varying degrees of coercion to enforce conformity and deter antisocial behavior.[23] In ancient Ethiopia, armed retainers of the nobility enforced law in the countryside according to the will of their leaders. The Songhai Empire had officials known as assara-munidios, or "enforcers", acting as police.
Pre-Colombian Mesoamarican civilizations also had organized law enforcement. The city-states of the Maya civilization had constables known as tupils, as well as bailiffs.[24] In the Aztec Empire, judges had officers serving under them who were empowered to perform arrests, even of dignitaries.[25] In the Inca Empire, inspectors known as tokoyrikoq (lit. "he who sees all") were stationed throughout the provinces to keep order.[26]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police#History
- anti-police sentiment can come from people who've come across dodgy police, police who were ineffective, gang culture, etc... The US is particularly awkward because of how slavery fits into their history
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
Angela Davis on Black Lives Matter Protests, Trump vs Biden & Defunding the Police (EP.891)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OEhvajWlRsI
~295~ 16 Mind-Blowing Facts About the Police!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vweMc91ra-k
[207] Our Radical History with Eleanor Goldfield
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9NjhCtFBSk4
https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-06-08/lapd-officer-shot-with-crossbow-barricade-north-hollywood
The female officer suspected of firing the rubber bullet was immediately kicked off the force upon discovery of the incident. While the Police Internal Investigations Department continued to investigate the incident, she was sent to the Israel Defense Forces to complete her required two-year national service.
The sponge-tipped bullets used by Israeli security forces are generally considered a type of “less lethal” ammunition, as they are less likely to kill a person hit by them than standard bullets, but they have still been responsible for a number of serious injuries and deaths, especially when they are aimed at a person’s head or chest.
https://www.timesofisrael.com/officer-convicted-for-shooting-palestinian-in-back-with-sponge-tipped-bullet/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic_bullet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sponge_grenade
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax_bullet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wooden_bullet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airsoft_pellets
anti police culture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-police_sentiment
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Militarization_of_police
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Police_abolition_movement
gun violence global map
https://www.vox.com/2014/6/11/5797892/us-world-firearm-ownership-map
https://jaymans.wordpress.com/2014/06/11/guns-violence-again/global-gun-deaths-map/
https://americaninquiry.com/2012/09/26/should-we-treat-guns-more-like-cars/
http://www.healthdata.org/research-article/global-mortality-firearms-1990%E2%88%922016
list black police shooting
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_in_the_United_States
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_killings_by_law_enforcement_officers_by_country
- gang inside police stealing money, planting drugs, robbing people. Investigated by internal affairs but let go. Had to go to US Attorney General's office. Police supremacist theory? DoJ John Smith said that internal affairs wasn't investigating their own. In 2016, 22 officers were fired. In 2016, Wayne Jenkins carried out some of his biggest heists? They became notorious. Community group was created and other systems were put in place to try and stop this from happening again. No guarantees though. Gary Brown and others have learnt not to trust police
The Gang Within - A Baltimore Police Scandal _ Fault Lines
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ycUIqsRDKWA
- hatred due to size is another strange one?
origin hatred of fat people
Discrimination
This type of discrimination can take a number of forms, ranging from refusing to hire someone because they are considered to be too short or too tall, to treating overweight and underweight individuals with disdain.
There aren't currently any specific anti-discrimination laws that have been put in place to prohibit sizeism, despite the issue being extremely prevalent.[1] Sizeist stereotypes (such as "overweight people are lazy" or "tall people can play basketball") are often ingrained in modern society.[2]
In the US, the list of anti-discrimination acts does not specifically include sizeism as an offense.[3]
The EOCC website states "Height and weight requirements tend to disproportionately limit the employment opportunities of some protected groups and unless the employer can demonstrate how the need is related to the job, it may be viewed as illegal under federal law. A number of states and localities have laws specifically prohibiting discrimination on the basis of height and weight unless based on actual job requirements. Therefore, unless job-related, inquiries about height and weight should be avoided." Therefore, size discrimination in the workplace is only illegal under federal law if it is not a job requirement.[4]
...
Countermeasures
Despite substantial research documenting weight discrimination and its negative impact on the lives of those targeted,[citation needed] under the US Constitution and federal law, it is legal to discriminate on the basis of weight. With the exception of the state of Michigan and several localities (i.e., San Francisco and Santa Cruz in California; Washington, DC; Urbana, Illinois; Binghamton, New York; and Madison, Wisconsin) that have passed legislation explicitly prohibiting weight-based discrimination, Americans have no viable means for seeking legal recourse in the face of weight discrimination, and existing US civil rights laws prohibit discrimination only on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, and national origin.[citation needed] Some individuals have attempted to file discrimination lawsuits under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), but plaintiffs must prove that their weight is a disability or perceived to be a disability according to ADA definitions, which is not the case for many people.[citation needed] Thus, few cases have been successful under this law and most of these successes have occurred since 2009, after Congress passed the ADA Amendments Act, which expanded the definitions of disability to include “severe obesity” (but not moderate obesity, overweight or underweight) as an impairment. For example, in 2012, the US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) successfully settled 2 cases for employees who were terminated from their jobs because their employers regarded them to be disabled based on their obesity and their severe obesity was now a covered disability under the new amendment. Despite these few recent successes, not all weight discrimination occurs in the context of disability or perceived disability, and legal remedies that can directly address weight discrimination as a legitimate social injustice remain absent.[9]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sizeism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stigma_of_obesity
https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fatphobia
Height discrimination (also known as heightism) is prejudice or discrimination against individuals based on height. In principle, it refers to the discriminatory treatment against individuals whose height is not within the normal acceptable range of height in a population. Various studies have shown it to be a cause of bullying, commonly manifested as unconscious microaggressions.[1][2]
Research indicates that the human brain uses height as a heuristic measure of social status and fitness. Studies have observed that infants as young as 10 months old unconsciously associate physical size with leadership potential, power, strength and intelligence. Both the cognitive and the unconscious heuristic association between height and the mentioned traits has also been found to be stronger when assessing men than women.[3][4][5]
...
Height and suicide in men
A research report published in the American Journal of Psychiatry found a strong inverse association between height and suicide in Swedish men which may signify the importance of childhood exposure in the etiology of adult mental disorder or reflect stigmatization or discrimination encountered by short men in their adult lives. A record linkage study of the birth, conscription, mortality, family, and census register data of 1,299,177 Swedish men followed from age 18 to a maximum of age 49 was performed and it was found that a 5-cm (2-inch) increase in height was associated with a 9% decrease in suicide risk.[46]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Height_discrimination
- it's almost like humans they went out of their way to follow Antichrist/Satanic figures and solutions (if religion were based on a complete lie and were only being used to control the masses this would make sense)? Not certain that they've somehow interpreted religious texts to mean that they can commit genocide?
60 Minutes _ Germ Warfare
Bioterror (Biological Weapons Documentary) _ Real Stories
Engineered Viruses Are the New Biological Weapons, Here's What You Need to Know
Inside The US Government's Top-Secret Bioweapons Lab
Is a bioterrorist attack possible
The Apartheid Regime's Sinister Chemical Warfare Programme (2000)
The History Of Chemical Weapons
U.S. ARMY CHEMICAL CORPS 'THE CHEMICAL BIOLOGICAL RADIOLOGICAL STORY'  CHEMICAL WARFARE 70464
The Mongol Empire established commercial and political connections between the Eastern and Western areas of the world, through the most mobile army ever seen. The armies, composed of the most rapidly moving travelers who had ever moved between the steppes of East Asia (where bubonic plague was and remains endemic among small rodents), managed to keep the chain of infection without a break until they reached, and infected, peoples and rodents who had never encountered it. The ensuing Black Death may have killed up to 25 million total, including China and roughly a third of the population of Europe and in the next decades, changing the course of Asian and European history.
...
The last known incident of using plague corpses for biological warfare occurred in 1710, when Russian forces attacked the Swedes by flinging plague-infected corpses over the city walls of Reval (Tallinn).[11] However, during the 1785 siege of La Calle, Tunisian forces flung diseased clothing into the city.[10]
...
British commander Lord Jeffery Amherst and Swiss-British officer Colonel Henry Bouquet discussed the topic separately in the course of the same conflict; there exists correspondence referencing the idea of giving smallpox-infected blankets to enemy natives. Four letters are cited from June 29, July 13, 16 and 26th, 1763. Excerpts: Amherst wrote on July 16, 1763, "P.S. You will Do well to try to Inocculate the Indians by means of Blankets, as well as to try Every other method that can serve to Extirpate this Execrable Race. I should be very glad your Scheme for Hunting them Down by Dogs could take Effect,..." Bouquet replied on July 26, 1763, "I received yesterday your Excellency's letters of 16th with their Inclosures. The signal for Indian Messengers, and all your directions will be observed." Smallpox was highly contagious among the Native Americans, and — together with measles, influenza, chicken pox, and other Old World diseases — was a major cause of death since the arrival of Europeans and their animals. Trade and combat also provided ample opportunity for transmission of the disease. Though the 1763–64 smallpox outbreak weakened the native's resistance to Bouquet's campaign in Muskingum Valley, it is not clear, however, whether the smallpox was a result of the Fort Pitt incident or the virus was already present among the Delaware people.[17] It is estimated that between 400,000–500,000 Native American individuals during and after the war died from smallpox.[failed verification][18][19][20]
...
In 2013 Warren reviewed the issue and argued that smallpox did not spread across Australia before 1824 and showed that there was no smallpox at Macassar that could have caused the outbreak at Sydney. Warren, however, did not address the issue of persons who joined the Macassan fleet from other islands and from parts of Sulawesi other than the port of Macassar. Warren concluded that the British were "the most likely candidates to have released smallpox" near Sydney Cove in 1789. Warren proposed that the British had no choice as they were confronted with dire circumstances when, among other factors, they ran out of ammunition for their muskets. Warren also uses native oral tradition and the archaeology of native graves to analyse the cause and effect of the spread of smallpox in 1789.[29]
Prior to the publication of Warren's article (2013), a professor of physiology John Carmody argued that the epidemic was an outbreak of chickenpox which took a drastic toll on an Aboriginal population without immunological resistance.[30] With regard to how smallpox might have reached the Sydney region, Dr Carmody said: "There is absolutely no evidence to support any of the theories and some of them are fanciful and far-fetched.."[31][32] Warren argued against the chickenpox theory at endnote 3 of Smallpox at Sydney Cove – Who, When, Why?.[33] However, in a 2014 joint paper on historic Aboriginal demography, Carmody and the Australian National University's Boyd Hunter argued that the recorded behavior of the epidemic ruled out smallpox and indicated chickenpox.[34]
...
During the First World War (1914–1918), the Empire of Germany made some early attempts at anti-agriculture biological warfare. Those attempts were made by special sabotage group headed by Rudolf Nadolny. Using diplomatic pouches and couriers, the German General Staff supplied small teams of saboteurs in the Russian Duchy of Finland, and in the then-neutral countries of Romania, the United States, and Argentina.[35] In Finland, saboteurs mounted on reindeer placed ampoules of anthrax in stables of Russian horses in 1916.[36] Anthrax was also supplied to the German military attaché in Bucharest, as was glanders, which was employed against livestock destined for Allied service. German intelligence officer and US citizen Dr. Anton Casimir Dilger established a secret lab in the basement of his sister's home in Chevy Chase, Maryland, that produced glanders which was used to infect livestock in ports and inland collection points including, at least, Newport News, Norfolk, Baltimore, and New York City, and probably St. Louis and Covington, Kentucky. In Argentina, German agents also employed glanders in the port of Buenos Aires and also tried to ruin wheat harvests with a destructive fungus. Also, Germany itself became a victim of similar attacks — horses bound for Germany were infected with Burkholderia by French operatives in Switzerland.[37]
The Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibited the use of chemical weapons and biological weapons, but said nothing about experimentation, production, storage, or transfer; later treaties did cover these aspects. Twentieth-century advances in microbiology enabled the first pure-culture biological agents to be developed by World War II.
...
When the United States entered the war, mounting British pressure for the creation of a similar research program for an Allied pooling of resources led to the creation of a large industrial complex at Fort Detrick, Maryland in 1942 under the direction of George W. Merck.[40] The biological and chemical weapons developed during that period were tested at the Dugway Proving Grounds in Utah. Soon there were facilities for the mass production of anthrax spores, brucellosis, and botulism toxins, although the war was over before these weapons could be of much operational use.[41]
However, the most notorious program of the period was run by the secret Imperial Japanese Army Unit 731 during the war, based at Pingfan in Manchuria and commanded by Lieutenant General Shirō Ishii. This unit did research on BW, conducted often fatal human experiments on prisoners, and produced biological weapons for combat use.[42] Although the Japanese effort lacked the technological sophistication of the American or British programs, it far outstripped them in its widespread application and indiscriminate brutality. Biological weapons were used against both Chinese soldiers and civilians in several military campaigns. Three veterans of Unit 731 testified in a 1989 interview to the Asahi Shimbun that they contaminated the Horustein river with typhoid near the Soviet troops during the Battle of Khalkhin Gol.[43] In 1940, the Imperial Japanese Army Air Force bombed Ningbo with ceramic bombs full of fleas carrying the bubonic plague.[44] A film showing this operation was seen by the imperial princes Tsuneyoshi Takeda and Takahito Mikasa during a screening made by mastermind Shiro Ishii.[45] During the Khabarovsk War Crime Trials the accused, such as Major General Kiyashi Kawashima, testified that as early as 1941 some 40 members of Unit 731 air-dropped plague-contaminated fleas on Changde. These operations caused epidemic plague outbreaks.[46]
Many of these operations were ineffective due to inefficient delivery systems, using disease-bearing insects rather than dispersing the agent as a bioaerosol cloud.[42] Nevertheless, some modern Chinese historians estimate that 400,000 Chinese died as a direct result of Japanese field testing and operational use of biological weapons.[47]
...
The Soviet Union continued research and production of offensive biological weapons in a program called Biopreparat, despite having signed the convention. The United States had no solid proof of this program until Dr. Vladimir Pasechnik defected in 1989, and Dr. Kanatjan Alibekov, the first deputy director of Biopreparat defected in 1992. Pathogens developed by the organization would be used in open-air trials. It is known that Vozrozhdeniye Island, located in the Aral Sea, was used as a testing site.[68] In 1971, such testing led to the accidental aerosol release of smallpox over the Aral Sea and a subsequent smallpox epidemic.[69]
During the closing stages of the Rhodesian Bush War, the Rhodesian government resorted to use chemical and biological warfare agents. Watercourses at several sites inside the Mozambique border were deliberately contaminated with cholera. These biological attacks had little impact on the fighting capability of ZANLA, but caused considerable distress to the local population. The Rhodesians also experimented with several other pathogens and toxins for use in their counterinsurgency.[70]
After the 1991 Persian Gulf War, Iraq admitted to the United Nations inspection team to having produced 19,000 liters of concentrated botulinum toxin, of which approximately 10,000 L were loaded into military weapons; the 19,000 liters have never been fully accounted for. This is approximately three times the amount needed to kill the entire current human population by inhalation,[71] although in practice it would be impossible to distribute it so efficiently, and, unless it is protected from oxygen, it deteriorates in storage.[72]
According to the U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment 8 countries were generally reported as having undeclared offensive biological warfare programs in 1995: China, Iran, Iraq, Israel, Libya, North Korea, Syria and Taiwan. Five countries had admitted to having had offensive weapon or development programs in the past: United States, Russia, France, the United Kingdom, and Canada.[73] Offensive BW programs in Iraq were dismantled by Coalition Forces and the UN after the first Gulf War (1990–91), although an Iraqi military BW program was covertly maintained in defiance of international agreements until it was apparently abandoned during 1995 and 1996.[74]
Smallpox was an infectious disease caused by one of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor.[7] The last naturally occurring case was diagnosed in October 1977, and the World Health Organization (WHO) certified the global eradication of the disease in 1980.[10] The risk of death following contracting the disease was about 30%, with higher rates among babies.[6][11] Often those who survived had extensive scarring of their skin, and some were left blind.[6]
The initial symptoms of the disease included fever and vomiting.[5] This was followed by formation of sores in the mouth and a skin rash.[5] Over a number of days the skin rash turned into characteristic fluid-filled bumps with a dent in the center.[5] The bumps then scabbed over and fell off, leaving scars.[5] The disease was spread between people or via contaminated objects.[6][12] Prevention was primarily by the smallpox vaccine.[9] Once the disease had developed, certain antiviral medication may have helped.[9]
The origin of smallpox is unknown.[13] The earliest evidence of the disease dates to the 3rd century BCE in Egyptian mummies.[13] The disease historically occurred in outbreaks.[10] In 18th-century Europe, it is estimated 400,000 people per year died from the disease, and one-third of the cases resulted in blindness.[10][14] These deaths included six monarchs.[10][14] Smallpox is estimated to have killed up to 300 million people in the 20th century[15][16] and around 500 million people in the last 100 years of its existence.[17] As recently as 1967, 15 million cases occurred a year.[10]
Inoculation for smallpox appears to have started in China around the 1500s.[18][19] Europe adopted this practice from Asia in the first half of the 18th century.[20] In 1796 Edward Jenner introduced the modern smallpox vaccine.[21][22] In 1967, the WHO intensified efforts to eliminate the disease.[10] Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest in 2011.[23][24] The term "smallpox" was first used in Britain in the early 16th century to distinguish the disease from syphilis, which was then known as the "great pox".[25][26] Other historical names for the disease include pox, speckled monster, and red plague.[3][4][26]
The history of smallpox extends into pre-history, with the disease probably emerging in human populations about 10,000 BC.[1] The earliest credible evidence of smallpox is found in the Egyptian mummies of people who died some 3,000 years ago.[2] Smallpox has had a major impact on world history, not least because indigenous populations of regions where smallpox was non-native, such as the Americas and Australia, were rapidly decimated and weakened by smallpox (along with other introduced diseases) during periods of initial foreign contact, which helped pave the way for conquest and colonization. During the 18th century the disease killed an estimated 400,000 Europeans each year, including five reigning monarchs, and was responsible for a third of all blindness.[3] Between 20 and 60% of all those infected—and over 80% of infected children—died from the disease.[4]
During the 20th century, it is estimated that smallpox was responsible for 300–500 million deaths.[5][6][7] In the early 1950s an estimated 50 million cases of smallpox occurred in the world each year.[8] As recently as 1967, the World Health Organization estimated that 15 million people contracted the disease and that two million died in that year.[8] After successful vaccination campaigns throughout the 19th and 20th centuries, the WHO certified the global eradication of smallpox in December 1979.[8] Smallpox is one of two infectious diseases to have been eradicated, the other being rinderpest, which was declared eradicated in 2011.[9][10][11]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_smallpox
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End_time
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eschatology
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpet_bombing
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cluster_munition
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scorched_Earth
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four-Power_Treaty
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Japanese_Alliance
A weapon of mass destruction (WMD) is a nuclear, radiological, chemical, biological, or any other weapon that can kill and bring significant harm to numerous humans or cause great damage to human-made structures (e.g., buildings), natural structures (e.g., mountains), or the biosphere. The scope and usage of the term has evolved and been disputed, often signifying more politically than technically. Originally coined in reference to aerial bombing with chemical explosives during World War II, it has later come to refer to large-scale weaponry of other technologies, such as chemical, biological, radiological, or nuclear warfare.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weapon_of_mass_destruction
war crimes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/War_crime
In November 1901, the Manila correspondent of the Philadelphia Ledger wrote: "The present war is no bloodless, opera bouffe engagement; our men have been relentless, have killed to exterminate men, women, children, prisoners and captives, active insurgents and suspected people from lads of ten up, the idea prevailing that the Filipino as such was little better than a dog..."[3]
In response to the Balangiga massacre, which wiped out a U.S. company garrisoning Samar town, U.S. Brigadier General Jacob H. Smith launched a retaliatory march across Samar with the instructions: "I want no prisoners. I wish you to kill and burn, the more you kill and burn the better it will please me. I want all persons killed who are capable of bearing arms in actual hostilities against the United States, ..."[4][5]
The war resulted in the deaths of at least 200,000 Filipino civilians.[6] Some estimates for total civilian dead reach up to 1,000,000.[7][8]
...
The Pacification of Libya resulted in mass deaths of the indigenous people in Cyrenaica by Italy. 80,000 or over a quarter[30][31] of the indigenous people in Cyrenaica perished during the pacification.
100,000 Bedouin citizens were ethnically cleansed by expulsion from their land.[32]
Specific war crimes alleged to have been committed by the Italian armed forces against civilians include deliberate bombing of civilians, killing unarmed children, women, and the elderly, rape and disembowelment of women, throwing prisoners out of aircraft to their death and running over others with tanks, regular daily executions of civilians in some areas, and bombing tribal villages with mustard gas bombs beginning in 1930.[33]
...
Italian use of mustard gas against Ethiopian soldiers in 1936 violated the 1925 Geneva Protocol, which bans the use of chemical weapons in warfare.
Yekatit 12—In response to the unsuccessful assassination of Rodolfo Graziani on 19 February 1937, thousands of Ethiopians were killed, including all of the monks residing at Debre Libanos, and over a thousand more detained at Danan who were then exiled either to the Dahlak Islands or Italy.[34]
The Ethiopians recorded 275,000 combatants killed in action, 78,500 patriots (guerrilla fighters) killed during the occupation, 17,800 civilians killed by aerial bombardment and 30,000 in the February 1937 massacre, 35,000 people died in concentration camps, 24,000 patriots executed by Summary Courts, 300,000 persons died of privation due to the destruction of their villages, amounting to 760,300 deaths.[35]
...
The Axis Powers (Germany, Italy, and Japan) were some of the most systematic perpetrators of war crimes in modern history. Contributing factors included Nazi race theory, a desire for "living space" that justified the eradication of native populations, and militaristic indoctrination that encouraged the terrorization of conquered peoples and prisoners of war. The Holocaust, the German attack on the Soviet Union and occupation of much of Europe, the Japanese occupation of Manchuria and the Philippines and attack on China all contributed to well over half of the civilian deaths in World War II and the conflicts that led up to the war. Even before post-war revelations of atrocities, Axis militaries were notorious for their brutal treatment of captured combatants.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_war_crimes
timeline of wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_wars
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_wars:_2003%E2%80%93present
During Wilkie's maiden speech to federal parliament on 30 September 2010, he called for withdrawal of Australian troops from Afghanistan. He said Australia should be more willing to say "no" more often to the United States. He said that there could be no hope for peace in Afghanistan until foreign troops are withdrawn: "No-one should be fooled by the Australian Government's periodic efforts to tinker around the edges with Australia's commitment to Afghanistan" and that "The reality is that the best plan the Australian Government can come up with so far is simply to continue to support whatever the US Government comes up with and that alone is no plan—it's just reinforcing failure."
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Wilkie
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/01/the-evolution-vs-creationism-debate.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/news-vix-script-jim-simonsed-thorp.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/10/medicinebuilding-human-body-from.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/mental-illness-and-human-mind-control.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/10/human-like-animal-behaviours-and.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/11/ascension-research-pre.html
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kingdom+of+heaven
Surrender of Jerusalem from the amazing movie Kingdom of Heaven
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-k2r4MMM_e0
best scene of the kingdom of heaven
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThBOw3ja6hU
KINGDOM OF HEAVEN
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLkPCEUWJspOkZux7bxhuo3RBPfcHVe_lb
- I've heard it mentioned that in the past naval blockades were used to soften up targets prior to military incursion. That trend seems to continue to this day via blockades, embargoes, sanctions, etc? Containment seems to be a variation of this. In the advent of a conflict, the aggressor wants to know that they have an advantage. Doing so will cause the other side to back down. Deterrence theory
Deterrence in relation to criminal offending is the idea or theory that the threat of punishment will deter people from committing crime and reduce the probability and/or level of offending in society. It is one of five objectives that punishment is thought to achieve; the other four objectives are denunciation, incapacitation (for the protection of society), retribution and rehabilitation.[1]
Criminal deterrence theory has two possible applications: the first is that punishments imposed on individual offenders will deter or prevent that particular offender from committing further crimes; the second is that, public knowledge that certain offences will be punished has a generalised deterrent effect which prevents others from committing crimes.[2]
Two different aspects of punishment may have an impact on deterrence. The first relates to the certainty of punishment; by increasing the likelihood of apprehension and punishment, this may have a deterrent effect. The second relates to the severity of punishment; how severe the punishment is for a particular crime may influence behavior if the potential offender concludes that the punishment is so severe, it is not worth the risk of getting caught.
An underlying principle of deterrence is that it is utilitarian or forward-looking. As with rehabilitation, it is designed to change behaviour in the future rather than simply provide retribution or punishment for current or past behaviour.
Mutually assured destruction (MAD) is a doctrine of military strategy and national security policy in which a full-scale use of nuclear weapons by two or more opposing sides would cause the complete annihilation of both the attacker and the defender (see pre-emptive nuclear strike and second strike).[1] It is based on the theory of deterrence, which holds that the threat of using strong weapons against the enemy prevents the enemy's use of those same weapons. The strategy is a form of Nash equilibrium in which, once armed, neither side has any incentive to initiate a conflict or to disarm.
The term "mutual assured destruction" was coined by Donald Brennan, a strategist working in Herman Kahn's Hudson Institute in 1962.[2]
As a result of what the French considered an insult to the French consul in Algiers by the Day in 1827, France blockaded Algiers for three years. In 1830, France invaded and occupied the coastal areas of Algeria, citing a diplomatic incident as casus belli. Hussein Dey went into exile. French colonization then gradually penetrated southwards, and came to have a profound impact on the area and its populations. The European conquest, initially accepted in the Algiers region, was soon met by a rebellion, led by Abdel Kadir, which took roughly a decade for the French troops to put down. By 1848 nearly all of northern Algeria was under French control, and the new government of the Second Republic declared the occupied lands an integral part of France. Three "civil territories"—Algiers, Oran, and Constantine—were organized as French départements (local administrative units) under a civilian government.
A blockade is an effort to cut off supplies, war material or communications from a particular area by force, either in part or totally. A blockade should not be confused with an embargo or sanctions, which are legal barriers to trade. It is also distinct from a siege in that a blockade is usually directed at an entire country or region, rather than a fortress or city. While most blockades historically took place at sea, blockade is still used on land to prevent someone coming into a certain area.
A blockading power can seek to cut off all maritime transport from and to the blockaded country; although stopping all land transport to and from an area may also be considered a blockade. Blockades restrict the trading rights of neutrals, who must submit for inspection for contraband, which the blockading power may define narrowly or broadly, sometimes including food and medicine. In the 20th century air power has also been used to enhance the effectiveness of the blockade by halting air traffic within the blockaded airspace.
Close patrol of hostile ports, in order to prevent naval forces from putting to sea, is also referred to as a blockade. When coastal cities or fortresses were besieged from the landward side, the besiegers would often blockade the seaward side as well. Most recently, blockades have sometimes included cutting off electronic communications by jamming radio signals and severing undersea cables.
International sanctions are political and economic decisions that are part of diplomatic efforts by countries, multilateral or regional organizations against states or organizations either to protect national security interests, or to protect international law, and defend against threats to international peace and security.[1][2][3][4] These decisions principally include the temporary imposition on a target of economic, trade, diplomatic, cultural or other restrictions (sanctions measures) that are lifted when the motivating security concerns no longer apply, or when no new threats have arisen.
According to the Charter of the United Nations, only the UN Security Council has a mandate by the international community to apply sanctions (Article 41) that must be complied with by all UN member states (Article 2,2). They serve as the international community's most powerful peaceful means to prevent threats to international peace and security or to settle them. Sanctions do not include the use of military force. However, if sanctions do not lead to the diplomatic settlement of a conflict, the use of force can be authorized by the Security Council separately under Article 42.[citation needed]
UN sanctions should not be confused with unilateral sanctions that are imposed by individual countries in furtherance of their strategic interests.[5] Typically intended as strong economic coercion, measures applied under unilateral sanctions can range between coercive diplomatic efforts, economic warfare, or as preludes to war.
There are several types of sanctions.
Economic sanctions – typically a ban on trade, possibly limited to certain sectors such as armaments, or with certain exceptions (such as food and medicine)[6]
Diplomatic sanctions – the reduction or removal of diplomatic ties, such as embassies.
Military sanctions – military intervention
Sport sanctions – preventing one country's people and teams from competing in international events.
Sanctions on Environment – since the declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, international environmental protection efforts have been increased gradually.
Economic sanctions are distinguished from trade sanctions, which are applied for purely economic reasons, and typically take the form of tariffs or similar measures, rather than bans on trade.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_sanctions
containment diplomacy
Containment is a geopolitical strategic foreign policy pursued by the United States. It is loosely related to the term cordon sanitaire which was later used to describe the geopolitical containment of the Soviet Union in the 1940s. The strategy of "containment" is best known as a Cold War foreign policy of the United States and its allies to prevent the spread of communism after the end of World War II.
As a component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to the Soviet Union's move to increase communist influence in Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Containment represented a middle-ground position between detente (relaxation of relations) and rollback (actively replacing a regime). The basis of the doctrine was articulated in a 1946 cable by U.S. diplomat George F. Kennan during the post-WWII term of U.S. President Harry S. Truman. As a description of U.S. foreign policy, the word originated in a report Kennan submitted to U.S. Defense Secretary James Forrestal in 1947, which was later used in a magazine article.
- there seems to have been internal conflict within religion as well about how they would convert the world over to a particular religion as well?
The Mission 1986
The light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not overcome it
Cross References
Matthew 5:15 Neither do people light a lamp and put it under a basket. Instead, they set it on a lampstand, and it gives light to everyone in the house.
John 3:19 And this is the verdict: The Light has come into the world, but men loved the darkness rather than the Light, because their deeds were evil.
Acts 26:18 to open their eyes, so that they may turn from darkness to light and from the power of Satan to God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins and an inheritance among those sanctified by faith in Me.'
Treasury of Scripture
And the light shines in darkness; and the darkness comprehended it not.
John 1:10 He was in the world, and the world was made by him, and the world knew him not.
John 3:19,20 And this is the condemnation, that light is come into the world, and men loved darkness rather than light, because their deeds were evil…
John 12:36-40 While ye have light, believe in the light, that ye may be the children of light. These things spake Jesus, and departed, and did hide himself from them…
Hontar : We must work in the world, your eminence. The world is thus.
Altamirano : No, Señor Hontar. Thus have we made the world... thus have I made it.
If might is right, then love has no place in the world. It may be so, it may be so. But I don't have the strength to live in a world like that, Rodrigo.
We are not the members of a democracy, Father. We are the members of an order.
If you die with blood in your hands, Rodrigo, then you betray everything we have done! You promised your life to God! AND GOD IS LOVE!
- in reality, there have been and there are many groups who are trying to "take over the world"? Either way, I think they're going about it in thee wrong way? If people could figure out non-zero sum solutions across the board things should just "work out"?
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=+pinkie+and+the+brain
The Same Thing We Do Every Night... - A Pinky and The Brain Compilation
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJYmyYzuTa8
Pinky & The Brain Theme Song
Germany
Main articles: Völkisch movement and White supremacy § Germany
From 1933 to 1945, Nazi Germany, under the rule of Adolf Hitler, promoted the idea of a superior, Aryan Herrenvolk, or master race. The state's propaganda advocated the belief that Germanic peoples, whom they called "Aryans", were a master race or a Herrenvolk that was superior to the Jews, Slavs, and Romani people, so-called "gypsies". Arthur de Gobineau, a French racial theorist and aristocrat, blamed the fall of the ancien régime in France on racial intermixing, which he argued had destroyed the purity of the Nordic race. Gobineau's theories, which attracted a strong following in Germany, emphasized the existence of an irreconcilable polarity between Aryan and Jewish cultures.[29]
...
Jewish
Main article: Jewish fundamentalism
Ilan Pappé, an expatriate Israeli historian, writes that the First Aliyah to Israel "established a society based on Jewish supremacy".[48] Joseph Massad, a Professor of Arab Studies, holds that "Jewish supremacism" has always been a "dominating principle" in religious and secular Zionism.[49][50] Zionism was established with the political goal of creating a sovereign Jewish state where Jews could be the majority, rather than the minority which they were in all nations of the world at that time. Theodor Herzl, the ideological father of Zionism, considered Antisemitism to be an eternal feature of all societies in which Jews lived as minorities, and as a result, he believed that only a separation could allow Jews to escape eternal persecution. "Let them give us sovereignty over a piece of the Earth's surface, just sufficient for the needs of our people, then we will do the rest!"[51]
- alchohol has caused a lot of problems (many societies and religions have banned it outright) so I'd thought I'd include it in this list
history of alcohol
Archaeological record
The ability to metabolize alcohol likely predates humanity with primates eating fermenting fruit.[3]
The oldest verifiable brewery has been found in a prehistoric burial site in a cave near Haifa in modern-day Israel. Researchers have found residue of 13,000-year-old beer that they think might have been used for ritual feasts to honor the dead. The traces of a wheat-and-barley-based alcohol were found in stone mortars carved into the cave floor.
As early as 7000 BC, chemical analysis of jars from the neolithic village Jiahu in the Henan province of northern China revealed traces of a mixed fermented beverage. According to a study published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences[4] in December 2004,[5] chemical analysis of the residue confirmed that a fermented drink made of grapes, hawthorn berries, honey, and rice was being produced in 7000–6650 BC.[6][7] This is approximately the time when barley beer and grape wine were beginning to be made in the Middle East.[citation needed]
Evidence of alcoholic beverages has also been found dating from 5400-5000 BC in Hajji Firuz Tepe in Iran,[8] 3150 BC in ancient Egypt,[9] 3000 BC in Babylon,[10] 2000 BC in pre-Hispanic Mexico[10] and 1500 BC in Sudan.[11] According to Guinness, the earliest firm evidence of wine production dates back to 6000 BC in Georgia.[8][12]
The medicinal use of alcohol was mentioned in Sumerian and Egyptian texts dating from about 2100 BC. The Hebrew Bible recommends giving alcoholic drinks to those who are dying or depressed, so that they can forget their misery (Proverbs 31:6-7).
Wine was consumed in Classical Greece at breakfast or at symposia, and in the 1st century BC it was part of the diet of most Roman citizens. Both the Greeks and the Romans generally drank diluted wine (the strength varying from 1 part wine and 1 part water, to 1 part wine and 4 parts water).
In Europe during the Middle Ages, beer, often of very low strength, was an everyday drink for all classes and ages of people. A document from that time mentions nuns having an allowance of six pints of ale each day. Cider and pomace wine were also widely available; grape wine was the prerogative of the higher classes.
By the time the Europeans reached the Americas in the 15th century, several native civilizations had developed alcoholic beverages. According to a post-conquest Aztec document, consumption of the local "wine" (pulque) was generally restricted to religious ceremonies but was freely allowed to those who were older than 70 years. The natives of South America produced a beer-like beverage from cassava or maize, which had to be chewed before fermentation in order to turn the starch into sugar. (Beverages of this kind are known today as cauim or chicha.) This chewing technique was also used in ancient Japan to make sake from rice and other starchy crops.
- ironically, in spite of being supposedly peaceful religious groups who believe in the Apocalypse have caused a lot of trouble? In fact, my guess is that this may be in part the cause of many religious conflicts?
Project Megiddo was a report researched and written by the United States' Federal Bureau of Investigation under Director Louis Freeh. Released on October 20, 1999, the report named followers of white supremacy, Christian Identity, the militia movement, Black Hebrew Israelites, and apocalyptic cults as potential terrorists who might become violent in reaction to the new millennium.
The report began:
For over four thousand years, MEGIDDO, a hill in northern Israel, has been the site of many battles. Ancient cities were established there to serve as a fortress on the plain of Jezreel to guard a mountain pass. As Megiddo was built and rebuilt, one city upon the other, a mound or hill was formed. The Hebrew word "Armageddon" means "hill of Megiddo." In English, the word has come to represent battle itself. The last book in the New Testament of the Bible designates Armageddon as the assembly point in the apocalyptic setting of God's final and conclusive battle against evil. The name "Megiddo" is an apt title for a project that analyzes those who believe the year 2000 will usher in the end of the world and who are willing to perpetrate acts of violence to bring that end about.
The report's purpose was to warn other domestic law enforcement agencies to "the potential for extremist criminal activity in the United States by individuals or domestic groups who attach special significance to the year 2000." The report also stated: "The threat posed by extremists as a result of perceived events associated with the Year 2000 is very real. The volatile mix of apocalyptic religious and (New World Order) conspiracy theories may produce violent acts aimed at precipitating the end of the world as prophesied in the Bible."
The groups named as "potentially violent" were "biblically-driven cults," "militias, adherents of racist belief systems such as Christian Identity and Wotanism, and other radical domestic extremists." The report ends by discussing the possibility of terrorist attacks in the city of Jerusalem, saying, "The extreme terrorist fringes of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam are all present in the United States. Thus, millennial violence in Jerusalem could conceivably lead to violence in the United States as well."
apocalypse
Apocalypse (ἀποκάλυψις) is a Greek word meaning "revelation", "an unveiling or unfolding of things not previously known and which could not be known apart from the unveiling". As a genre, apocalyptic literature details the authors' visions of the end times as revealed by an angel or other heavenly messenger.
Apocalyptic literature: 300–100 BCE
Pardes Rabbinic esotericism: c. 1–200 CE
- white supremacy has been around since the slavery and colonial era? It basically says that white people are better then black? In most parts of the world the pattern repeats. There's a belief that white Western people are superior, then Eastern/Asian people, then South American, and finally Black African people at the bottom
Juneteenth - A Celebration of Black Liberation & Day to Remember “Horrific System That Was Slavery”
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h50o2YSznk0
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/jun/13/jefferson-davis-statue-removal-kentucky-jim-crow
Monuments of history or bigotry The politics of statues _ The Listening Post (Full)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Confederate_States_of_America
On Contact - The Con Of Diversity
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IEbCPD5qJ5w
Civil liberties are guarantees and freedoms that liberal governments commit not to abridge, either by legislation or judicial interpretation, without due process.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_liberties
The American Civil War was a civil war in the United States from 1861 to 1865, fought between the northern United States and the southern United States. The civil war began primarily as a result of the long-standing controversy over the enslavement of black people.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Civil_War
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
white supremacy
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=white+supremacy
Gary Younge interviews Richard Spencer - 'Africans have benefited from white supremacy'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=puJ-arJgkZU
The global network of the white supremacy movement _ DW Stories
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8q8TDo4T-nA
The History of White Supremacy and Racism in America Today
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHd1z-rQzyQ
The rise of white supremacy and its new face
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KnI9c4_xu8w
White supremacy in America
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uiXtmBevOM0
Spencer was born in Boston, Massachusetts,[31] the son of ophthalmologist Rand Spencer and Sherry Spencer (née Dickenhorst),[32][33] whose family had cotton farms in Louisiana.[34] He grew up in Preston Hollow, Dallas, Texas.[35] Spencer attended St. Mark's School of Texas, where he graduated in 1997.[34] After graduating from high school, Spencer attended Colgate University for one year before transferring to the University of Virginia.[34] In 2001, Spencer received a Bachelor of Arts in English Literature and Music from the University of Virginia and, in 2003, a Master of Arts in the Humanities from the University of Chicago.[34] He spent the summers of 2005 and 2006 at the Vienna International Summer University.[36] From 2005 to 2007, he was a PhD student at Duke University studying modern European intellectual history, where he was a member of the Duke Conservative Union.[34][32] His website says he left Duke before completion of his dissertation and degree "to pursue a life of thought-crime".[37]
Edward Louis Bernays (/bərˈneɪz/; German: [bɛɐ̯ˈnaɪs]; November 22, 1891 − March 9, 1995) was an Austrian-American pioneer in the field of public relations and propaganda, referred to in his obituary as "the father of public relations".[3] Bernays was named one of the 100 most influential Americans of the 20th century by Life.[4] He was the subject of a full length biography by Larry Tye called The Father of Spin (1999) and later an award-winning 2002 documentary for the BBC by Adam Curtis called The Century of the Self.
His best-known campaigns include a 1929 effort to promote female smoking by branding cigarettes as feminist "Torches of Freedom" and his work for the United Fruit Company connected with the CIA-orchestrated overthrow of the democratically elected Guatemalan government in 1954. He worked for dozens of major American corporations including Procter & Gamble and General Electric, and for government agencies, politicians, and non-profit organizations.
Of his many books, Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923) and Propaganda (1928) gained special attention as early efforts to define and theorize the field of public relations. Citing works of writers such as Gustave Le Bon, Wilfred Trotter, Walter Lippmann, and Sigmund Freud (his own double uncle), he described the masses as irrational and subject to herd instinct—and outlined how skilled practitioners could use crowd psychology and psychoanalysis to control them in desirable ways.[5][6]
...
Much of Bernays' reputation today stems from his persistent public relations campaign to build his own reputation as "America's No. 1 Publicist". During his active years, many of his peers in the industry were offended by Bernays' continuous self-promotion. According to Scott Cutlip, "Bernays was a brilliant person who had a spectacular career, but, to use an old-fashioned word, he was a braggart."[76]
Bernays attracted positive and negative attention for his grand statements about the role of public relations in society. Reviewers praised Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923) as a pioneering study of the importance of something called public opinion. Propaganda (1928) drew more criticism for its advocacy of mass manipulation.[77]
In the 1930s, his critics became more harsh. As the leading figure in public relations and a notorious advocate of "propaganda", Bernays was compared to European fascists such as Joseph Goebbels and Adolf Hitler.[78] (Bernays himself wrote in his 1965 autobiography that Goebbels read and used his books.)[79]
Rather than retreating from the spotlight, Bernays continued to play up his ideas—for example, stating in a 1935 speech to the Financial Advertisers Association that strong men (including publicists) should become human symbols to lead the masses.[80] On other occasions he tempered this message with the idea that, while propaganda is inevitable, the democratic system allows a pluralism of propaganda, while fascist systems offer only a single official propaganda.[81]
At the same time, Bernays was praised for his apparent success, wisdom, foresight, and influence as an originator of public relations.[82]
While opinions ranged negative to positive, there was widespread agreement that propaganda had a powerful effect on the public mind.[83] According to John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, in a published review of Larry Tye's biography of Bernays:[84]
It is impossible to fundamentally grasp the social, political, economic and cultural developments of the past 100 years without some understanding of Bernays and his professional heirs in the public relations industry. PR is a 20th-century phenomenon, and Bernays—widely eulogized as the "father of public relations" at the time of his death in 1995—played a major role in defining the industry's philosophy and methods.
As a result, his legacy remains a highly contested one, as evidenced by Adam Curtis' 2002 BBC documentary The Century of the Self.
Phrenology is a process that involves observing and/or feeling the skull to determine an individual's psychological attributes. Franz Joseph Gall believed that the brain was made up of 27 individual organs that determined personality, the first 19 of these 'organs' he believed to exist in other animal species.
Racism is the belief that groups of humans possess different behavioral traits corresponding to physical appearance and can be divided based on the superiority of one race over another.[1][2][3][4] It may also mean prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against other people because they are of a different race or ethnicity.[2][3] Modern variants of racism are often based in social perceptions of biological differences between peoples. These views can take the form of social actions, practices or beliefs, or political systems in which different races are ranked as inherently superior or inferior to each other, based on presumed shared inheritable traits, abilities, or qualities.[2][3][5]
In terms of political systems (e.g., apartheid) that support the expression of prejudice or aversion in discriminatory practices or laws, racist ideology may include associated social aspects such as nativism, xenophobia, otherness, segregation, hierarchical ranking, and supremacism.
While the concepts of race and ethnicity are considered to be separate in contemporary social science, the two terms have a long history of equivalence in popular usage and older social science literature. "Ethnicity" is often used in a sense close to one traditionally attributed to "race": the division of human groups based on qualities assumed to be essential or innate to the group (e.g. shared ancestry or shared behavior). Therefore, racism and racial discrimination are often used to describe discrimination on an ethnic or cultural basis, independent of whether these differences are described as racial. According to a United Nations convention on racial discrimination, there is no distinction between the terms "racial" and "ethnic" discrimination. The UN Convention further concludes that superiority based on racial differentiation is scientifically false, morally condemnable, socially unjust and dangerous. The Convention also declared that there is no justification for racial discrimination, anywhere, in theory or in practice.[6]
Racism is a relatively modern concept, arising in the European age of imperialism, the subsequent growth of capitalism, and especially the Atlantic slave trade,[1] of which it was a major driving force.[7] It was also a major force behind racial segregation especially in the United States in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries and South Africa under apartheid; 19th and 20th century racism in Western culture is particularly well documented and constitutes a reference point in studies and discourses about racism.[8] Racism has played a role in genocides such as the Holocaust, the Armenian genocide, and genocide of Serbs, and colonial projects including the European colonization of the Americas, Africa, and Asia as well as the Soviet deportations of indigenous minorities. Indigenous peoples have been—and are—often subject to racist attitudes.
World War I broke out in 1914. German colonies were originally meant to preserve their neutrality as mandated in the Berlin Convention, but fighting soon broke out on the frontier between German East Africa and the Belgian Congo around Lakes Kivu and Tanganyika.[1] As part of the Allied East African Campaign, Ruanda and Urundi were invaded by a Belgian force in 1916.[1] The German forces in the region were small and hugely outnumbered. Ruanda was occupied over April–May and Urundi in June 1916. By September, a large portion of German East Africa was under Belgian occupation reaching as far south as Kigoma and Karema in modern-day Tanzania and as far eastwards as Tabora.[1] In Ruanda and Urundi, the Belgians were welcomed by many Africans who were opposed to the autocratic behaviour of the kings.[1] The territory captured was administered by a Belgian military occupation authority ("Belgian Occupied East African Territories") pending an ultimate decision about its political future. An administration, headed by a Royal Commissioner, was established in February 1917 at the same time as Belgian forces were ordered to withdraw from the Tabora region by the British.
...
After a period of inertia, the Belgian administration became actively involved in Ruanda-Urundi between 1926 and 1931 under the governorship of Charles Voisin. The reforms produced a dense road-network and improved agriculture, with the emergence of cash crop farming in cotton and coffee.[3] However, four major famines did ravage parts of the mandate after crop failures in 1916–1918, 1924–26, 1928–30 and 1943–44. The Belgians were far more involved in the territory than the Germans, especially in Ruanda. Despite the mandate rules that the Belgians had to develop the territories and prepare them for independence, the economic policy practised in the Belgian Congo was exported eastwards: the Belgians demanded that the territories earn profits for the motherland and that any development must come out of funds gathered in the territory. These funds mostly came from the extensive cultivation of coffee in the region's rich volcanic soils.[citation needed]
Ruandan migrant workers at the Kisanga mine in Katanga (Belgian Congo)
To implement their vision, the Belgians used the existing indigenous power structure. This consisted of a largely Tutsi ruling class controlling a mostly Hutu population, through the system of chiefs and sub-chiefs under the overall rule of the two Mwami. The Belgian administrators believed that the Tutsi were superior and deserved power. While before colonization the Hutu had played some role in governance, the Belgians simplified matters by further stratifying the society on ethnic lines. Hutu anger at the Tutsi domination was largely focused on the Tutsi elite rather than the distant colonial power.[4] Musinga was deposed by the administration as mwami of Ruanda in November 1931 after being accused of disloyalty. [5] He was replaced by his son Mutara III Rudahigwa.
Although promising the League it would promote education, Belgium left the task to subsidised Catholic missions and mostly unsubsidised Protestant missions. Catholicism expanded rapidly through the African population in consequence. An elite secondary school, the Groupe Scolaire d'Astrida was established in 1929 but as late as 1961, shortly before independence arrived, fewer than 100 Africans had been educated beyond the secondary level.[citation needed] The policy was one of low-cost paternalism, as explained by Belgium's special representative to the Trusteeship Council: "The real work is to change the African in his essence, to transform his soul, [and] to do that one must love him and enjoy having daily contact with him. He must be cured of his thoughtlessness, he must accustom himself to living in society, he must overcome his inertia."[6]
The Scramble for Africa, also called the Partition of Africa or the Conquest of Africa, was the invasion, occupation, division, and colonisation of African territory by European powers during a short period known to historians as the New Imperialism (between 1881 and 1914). In 1870, only 10 percent of Africa was under formal European control; by 1914 this had increased to almost 90 percent of the continent, with only Ethiopia (Abyssinia), the Dervish state (a portion of present-day Somalia)[1] and Liberia remaining independent. The European colonialists had several motives: a desire for valuable natural resources, the quest for national prestige, rivalry between European powers, and religious missionary zeal. Internal African native politics also played a role.
The Berlin Conference of 1884, which regulated European colonisation and trade in Africa, is usually referred to as the starting point of the Scramble for Africa.[2] Consequent to the political and economic rivalries among the European empires in the last quarter of the 19th century, partitioning Africa was how the Europeans avoided going to war over it.[3] The later years of the 19th century saw the transition from "informal imperialism" — i.e., exercising military influence and economic dominance — to direct rule, bringing about colonial imperialism.[4]
In historical contexts, New Imperialism characterizes a period of colonial expansion by Western European powers, the United States, Russia and Japan during the late 19th and early 20th centuries.[1] The period featured an unprecedented pursuit of overseas territorial acquisitions. At the time, states focused on building their empires with new technological advances and developments, expanding their territory through conquest, and exploiting the resources of the subjugated countries. During the era of New Imperialism, the Western powers (and Japan) individually conquered almost all of Africa and parts of Asia. The new wave of imperialism reflected ongoing rivalries among the great powers, the economic desire for new resources and markets, and a "civilizing mission" ethos. Many of the colonies established during this era gained independence during the era of decolonization that followed World War II.
The qualifier "new" is used to differentiate modern imperialism from earlier imperial activity, such as the so-called first wave of European colonization between 1402 and 1815.[1][2] In the first wave of colonization, European powers conquered and colonized the Americas and Siberia; they then later established more outposts in Africa and Asia.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Imperialism
The mission civilisatrice (in English "civilising mission") was a rationale for intervention or colonization, purporting to contribute to the spread of civilization, and used mostly in relation to the Westernization of indigenous peoples in the 15th – 20th centuries.
It was notably the underlying principle of French[citation needed] and Portuguese[citation needed] colonial rule in the late 15th to mid 20th century. It was influential in the French colonies of Algeria, French West Africa, and Indochina, and in the Portuguese colonies of Angola, Guinea, Mozambique, and Timor. Similar ideas were widespread also in England,[1] Germany,[2][3] the United States and many other countries. The colonial powers felt it was their duty to bring Western civilization to what they perceived as backward peoples. Rather than merely govern colonial peoples, the colonisers would attempt to Westernize them in accordance with a colonial ideology known as "assimilation".
The definitions of "Hutu" and "Tutsi" people may have changed through time and location. Social structures were not stable throughout Rwanda, even during colonial times under the Belgian rule. The Tutsi aristocracy or elite was distinguished from Tutsi commoners, and wealthy Hutu were often indistinguishable from upper-class Tutsi.
When the Belgian colonists conducted censuses, they wanted to identify the people throughout Rwanda-Burundi according to a simple classification scheme. They defined "Tutsi" as anyone owning more than ten cows (a sign of wealth) or with the physical feature of a longer nose, or longer neck, commonly associated with the Tutsi.
Tutsis usually were said to have arrived in the Great Lakes region from the Horn of Africa.[8][9]
Tutsis are considered to be of Cushitic origin[10] by some researchers[who?], although they do not speak a Cushitic language , and have lived in the areas where they are for at least 400 years, leading to considerable intermarriage with the Hutu in the area. Due to the history of intermingling and intermarrying of Hutus and Tutsis, ethnographers and historians have lately come to agree that Hutu and Tutsis cannot be properly called distinct ethnic groups.[11][12]
Many analysts and also inhabitants of the Great Lakes Region oppose the Tutsi – as "Cushitics" – to Bantu people like the Hutu and several ethnic groups in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo and e.g. in Uganda. However, Bantu is a linguistic classification (see the Bantu lemma as well as the lemma on "Bantu people – the latter says: Bantu people are the speakers of Bantu languages"). As the Tutsi speak the same Bantu language as the Hutu, they are Bantu (speaking) people.
Areas of Africa controlled by European colonial powers (Belgian, British, French, German, Italian, Portuguese, and Spanish Empires) in 1914.
We’re in the middle of a global uprising against racism centred in America, and we’re stripping away these units that speak directly to the current context.
Senior history lecturer David Brophy, The University of Sydney
...
"Our ‘American Slavery’ and ‘Fascism and Anti-Fascism’ units of study are only under consideration as staff members associated with them are taking leave in semester two. However ‘American Perspectives’ and ‘American History from Lincoln to Trump’ will remain on offer for our students interested in American history.
Elaborating on his views of the Chinese regime, Scott said: "They don't believe in human rights. They don't believe in free trade. They don't believe in fair trade. They don't believe in the rule of law. They don't want to be a caring world citizen. They're willing to take away people's rights. I'm disgusted with how they treated Uighurs and how they treated Hong Kong citizens."
https://www.smh.com.au/world/north-america/they-want-world-domination-australia-urged-to-join-cold-war-on-china-20200609-p550nk.html
Its focus on ‘new ways of knowing’ and its concerns of ‘anti-black narratives’ – both vague and offered without proof – are undoubtedly postmodern in nature. After all, what do narratives – subjective by definition – have to do with the objectivity of science?
Simply put, nothing. But to postmodernists, knowledge is superseded by narrative. It doesn’t matter if the results are true, if they go against the narrative, they are inherently haram. Worse still, these results were ascertained through racist structures, language and thought processes, making them null and void from the get go.
That academia is perpetuating this tale should come as no surprise. Michel Foucault, by far the most cited researcher in university papers worldwide, believed strongly that language is power.
It is an idea that has percolated throughout leftist circles for decades: Saul Alinsky, community activist and author of Rules for Radicals, mimicked Foucault when he wrote, “He who controls the language controls the masses.” These beliefs are not humanist in nature, they are clearly political, and certainly not rooted in the empirical values of the enlightenment.
...
Robin Fox, an eminent cultural anthropologist is cited in the book as stating how his discipline was permeated by political attitudes drawn from the world of postmodern literary criticism. His scathing thoughts of the bastardisation of his beloved field are reminiscent in what we are witnessing in STEM today:
“My own interpretation is that lazy minds are happiest with the mere voicing of opinion, or with the easy task of dressing this up to make it look plausible. In modern literary criticism they have found the perfect model of this, along with a new doctrine of extreme relativism that says that everything is only opinion anyway, to justify it.” And, before we knew it, men became women, silence became violence and science became racist.
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/491461-shut-down-stem-science-racism/
https://www.rt.com/news/491537-us-economic-sanctions-icc/
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/491360-nato-stand-up-rise-of-china-desperate-bid/
https://www.rt.com/op-ed/491474-seattle-anarchists-commune-problems/
Cecil John Rhodes PC (5 July 1853 – 26 March 1902)[1] was a British businessman, statesman, imperialist, white supremacist, mining magnate, and politician in southern Africa who served as Prime Minister of the Cape Colony from 1890 to 1896. An ardent believer in British imperialism, Rhodes and his British South Africa Company founded the southern African territory of Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe and Zambia), which the company named after him in 1895. South Africa's Rhodes University is also named after him. Rhodes set up the provisions of the Rhodes Scholarship, which is funded by his estate. He also put much effort towards his vision of a Cape to Cairo Railway through British territory.[2]
The son of a vicar, Rhodes was born at Netteswell House, Bishop's Stortford, Hertfordshire. Growing up in Hertfordshire, he was a sickly child. He was sent to South Africa by his family when he was 17 years old in the hope that the climate might improve his health. He entered the diamond trade at Kimberley in 1871, when he was 18, and over the next two decades gained near-complete domination of the world diamond market. His De Beers diamond company, formed in 1888, retains its prominence into the 21st century. Rhodes entered the Cape Parliament at the age of 27 in 1880, and a decade later became Prime Minister. After overseeing the formation of Rhodesia during the early 1890s, he was forced to resign as Prime Minister in 1896 after the disastrous Jameson Raid, an unauthorised attack on Paul Kruger's South African Republic (or Transvaal). His career never recovered; his heart was bad and after years of poor health he died in 1902.
One of Rhodes's primary motivations in politics and business was his professed belief that the Anglo-Saxon race was, to quote his will, "the first race in the world".[3] Under the reasoning that "the more of the world we inhabit the better it is for the human race",[3] he advocated vigorous settler colonialism and ultimately a reformation of the British Empire so that each component would be self-governing and represented in a single parliament in London. Historian Richard A. McFarlane has described Rhodes "as integral a participant in southern African and British imperial history as George Washington or Abraham Lincoln are in their respective eras in United States history."[4]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil_Rhodes
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Guy
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Colston
Topple The Racists
https://www.dazeddigital.com/politics/article/49485/1/this-map-shows-the-racist-statues-that-need-toppling-near-you
http://districtmagazine.ie/heres-the-map-showing-all-the-racist-statues-need-toppled-in-the-uk/
https://www.express.co.uk/news/uk/1293504/topple-the-racists-racism-statue-map-black-lives-matter-slavery-monuments-uk
https://www.toppletheracists.org/
asian supremacists
Supremacism is an ideology which holds that a certain class of people is superior to others, and that it should be or is entitled to dominate, control, subjugate, and/or eliminate others.[1] The supposed superior people can be of a certain age, belong to a particular race, species, or ethnicity, practice a particular religion, be of a particular gender, be of a particular sexuality, speak, read, and/or write a particular language, belong to a particular social class, believe in a particular ideology, live in a particular nation, practice a particular culture, or belong to any other part of a particular population.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supremacism
- ironically, many of the methods used for human classification seemed to be really primitive? In a way, people should be happy that scientists haven't been able to fully decode the human genome as yet. Instead of a near de-facto monarchy and feudalism you'd have a completely "fixed life" much like during the era of slavery? There are lots of examples of superior examples of coming from lower castes? Experimentation on lower castes (mainly Africans) seems to continue even to this day?
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/mental-illness-and-human-mind-control.html
https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/it-s-just-denial-bruce-pascoe-labor-condemn-pm-s-no-slavery-in-australia-claim-20200611-p551jo.html
https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/nothing-changes-indigenous-leader-wants-action-on-incarceration-rate-20200610-p551dn.html
The Stolen Generations (also known as Stolen Children) were the children of Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander descent who were removed from their families by the Australian federal and state government agencies and church missions, under acts of their respective parliaments. The removals of those referred to as "half-caste" children were conducted in the period between approximately 1905[1] and 1967,[2][3] although in some places mixed-race children were still being taken into the 1970s.[4][5][6]
Official government estimates are that in certain regions between one in ten and one in three Indigenous Australian children were forcibly taken from their families and communities between 1910 and 1970.
...
Emergence of the child removal policy
Numerous 19th and early 20th century contemporaneous documents indicate that the policy of removing mixed-race Aboriginal children from their mothers related to an assumption that the Aboriginal peoples were dying off. Given their catastrophic population decline after white contact[7], whites assumed that the full-blood tribal Aboriginal population would be unable to sustain itself, and was doomed to extinction. The idea expressed by A. O. Neville, the Chief Protector of Aborigines for Western Australia, and others as late as 1930 was that mixed-race children could be trained to work in white society, and over generations would marry white and be assimilated into the society.[8][9][10]
Some European Australians considered any proliferation of mixed-descent children (labelled "half-castes", "crossbreeds", "quadroons", and "octoroons",[9][11]:231, 308 terms now considered derogatory to Indigenous Australians) to be a threat to the stability of the prevailing culture, or to a perceived racial or cultural "heritage".[11]:160 The Northern Territory Chief Protector of Aborigines, Dr. Cecil Cook, argued that "everything necessary [must be done] to convert the half-caste into a white citizen".[12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolen_Generations
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-caste
Caste is a form of social stratification characterized by endogamy, hereditary transmission of a style of life which often includes an occupation, ritual status in a hierarchy, and customary social interaction and exclusion based on cultural notions of purity and pollution.[1][2][3] Its paradigmatic ethnographic example is the division of India's Hindu society into rigid social groups, with roots in India's ancient history and persisting to the present time.[1][4] However, the economic significance of the caste system in India has been declining as a result of urbanization and affirmative action programs. A subject of much scholarship by sociologists and anthropologists, the Hindu caste system is sometimes used as an analogical basis for the study of caste-like social divisions existing outside Hinduism and India. The term "caste" is also applied to morphological groupings in female populations of ants and bees.[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caste
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_stratification
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endogamy
Black Lives Matter protests against racism and police brutality have led to a number of statues seen as problematic or associated with racism and colonialism vandalised, removed, or torn down in several European cities, including London, Bristol, and Antwerp.
Award-winning anti-racist activist Lovette Jallow has called to remove statues of renowned biologist Carl Linnaeus, who is credited with the classification of the plant and animal kingdom and is known as “the father of the modern taxonomy”.
African-born Jallow argued that Linnaeus (1707-1778), should be considered the father of race biology because he divided Africans and Europeans into two different races with different characteristics. This totally offset his other accomplishment, Jallow claimed, suggesting that statues of him “must be shaking”.
“I mean he is everywhere: Stockholm, Malmö, Gothenburg, Uppsala, etc.”, Jallow wrote in a now-restricted tweet, as quoted by the news outlet Samhällsnytt.
https://sputniknews.com/europe/202006101079572895-swedish-blm-activists-call-to-tear-down-monuments/
Linnaeus's applied science was inspired not only by the instrumental utilitarianism general to the early Enlightenment, but also by his adherence to the older economic doctrine of Cameralism.[186] Additionally, Linnaeus was a state interventionist. He supported tariffs, levies, export bounties, quotas, embargoes, navigation acts, subsidised investment capital, ceilings on wages, cash grants, state-licensed producer monopolies, and cartels.[187]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus
Human Zoos examines the horrifying history of the American effort to dehumanize an entire class of people in the name of science. In the 1900’s leading men of science from Harvard, Princeton, and Columbia University were stating that Africans were midway between an orangutan and human being, so now 100 years later it should not come as much of a surprise that many people still cling to these racist notions of European superiority and African inferiority.
The film begins in 1859, three months after Charles Darwin published his book The Origins of Species. Here we see how American promoter PT Barnum unveiled a new attraction at his popular museum in New York City. It featured what was described as the “what is it” or “man monkey”. Visitors were told that the creature had been captured by hunters in Africa who discovered a race of beings roving amongst the trees and branches like apes and monkeys. It was claimed that this creature was a connecting link between African blacks and lower animals. However, in reality, Barnum’s so-called “man monkey” was an African American man named William Henery Johnson. Johnson spent much of his life on stage as an evolutionary missing link, and sometimes even in a cage.
In September 1906, nearly two hundred and fifty thousand people gathered to the Bronx Zoo in New York City. Here they lined up to see a new exhibit in the Zoo’s Monkey House, but it was no monkey on display it was a man by the name of Ota Benga. Benga was a pygmy from the African Congo and shockingly he was exhibited in a cage alongside monkeys.
As you can start to imagine, these were no isolated incidents of blatant racism but rather just two accounts of people being put on display and touted as “missing links” between man and ape. These public displays were arranged by those of the most elite members of the scientific community and were promoted by the leading American newspapers of the time. In this film, you witness how much of the racism seen in today’s society stems from this shocking past. However, we also hear of the courageous African-American ministers in New York City who tried to stop what was going on.
Human Zoos also attempts to expose how some organizations are still trying to cover up their involvement in what happened and re-write the past.
https://documentaryheaven.com/human-zoos-americas-forgotten-history-of-scientific-racism/
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=human+zoo
Human Zoos: America's Forgotten History of Scientific Racism
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nY6Zrol5QEk
Inside the world's 'last colonial museum' in Belgium
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PYxWXdFBykw
- one huge irony is that the Eugenics movement haven't really been genuinely successful (if you examine lots of data)?
nobel prize sperm bank
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repository_for_Germinal_Choice
https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/01/arts/the-genius-factory-the-curious-history-of-the-nobel-prize-sperm-bank.html
https://www.amazon.com.au/Genius-Factory-Curious-History-Nobel/dp/0812970527
The sperm bank produced some 215 children -- and many lead quite ordinary lives today
Most of the progeny of the "genius sperm bank" who have spoken publicly say they did quite well in school. Today, as adults, many seem to be pretty ordinary: Tom runs a roofing business, Leandra is an opera singer, Courtney is a dancer, Logan has a form of autism.
And several claim to feel pressure to do something extraordinary with their lives. As Tom puts it, "I have to do something with the gifts that I've been given."
But Adrienne -- mother of Leandra, Courtney, and Logan -- says having "genius sperm" is no guarantee for happiness and success. "There's only so much you can control when it comes to genetics," she says. "It all has to do with what you give to your family."
https://www.q13fox.com/news/nobel-prize-sperm-bank-babies-are-all-grown-up-so-how-did-they-turn-out
eugenics
Eugenics (/juːˈdʒɛnɪks/; from Greek εὐ- "good" and γενής "come into being, growing")[1][2] is a set of beliefs and practices that aim to improve the genetic quality of a human population,[3][4] historically by excluding people and groups judged to be inferior and promoting those judged to be superior.[5]
The concept predates the term; Plato suggested applying the principles of selective breeding to humans around 400 BC. Early advocates of eugenics in the 19th century regarded it as a way of improving groups of people. In contemporary usage, the term eugenics is closely associated with scientific racism and white supremacism.[2] Modern bioethicists who advocate new eugenics characterise it as a way of enhancing individual traits, regardless of group membership.
While eugenic principles have been practiced as early as ancient Greece, the contemporary history of eugenics began in the early 20th century, when a popular eugenics movement emerged in the United Kingdom,[6] and then spread to many countries, including the United States, Canada,[7] and most European countries. In this period, people from across the political spectrum espoused eugenic ideas. Consequently, many countries adopted eugenic policies, intended to improve the quality of their populations' genetic stock. Such programs included both positive measures, such as encouraging individuals deemed particularly "fit" to reproduce, and negative measures, such as marriage prohibitions and forced sterilization of people deemed unfit for reproduction. Those deemed "unfit to reproduce" often included people with mental or physical disabilities, people who scored in the low ranges on different IQ tests, criminals and "deviants," and members of disfavored minority groups.
The eugenics movement became associated with Nazi Germany and the Holocaust when the defense of many of the defendants at the Nuremberg trials of 1945 to 1946 attempted to justify their human-rights abuses by claiming there was little difference between the Nazi eugenics programs and the U.S. eugenics programs.[8] In the decades following World War II, with more emphasis on human rights, many countries began to abandon eugenics policies, although some Western countries (the United States, Canada, and Sweden among them) continued to carry out forced sterilizations.
Since the 1980s and 1990s, with new assisted reproductive technology procedures available, such as gestational surrogacy (available since 1985), preimplantation genetic diagnosis (available since 1989), and cytoplasmic transfer (first performed in 1996), concern has grown about the possible revival of a more potent form of eugenics after decades of promoting human rights.
A criticism of eugenics policies is that, regardless of whether negative or positive policies are used, they are susceptible to abuse because the genetic selection criteria are determined by whichever group has political power at the time.[9] Furthermore, many criticize negative eugenics in particular as a violation of basic human rights, seen since 1968's Proclamation of Tehran[10] as including the right to reproduce. Another criticism is that eugenics policies eventually lead to a loss of genetic diversity, thereby resulting in inbreeding depression due to a loss of genetic variation. Yet another criticism of contemporary eugenics policies is that they propose to permanently and artificially disrupt millions of years of evolution, and that attempting to create genetic lines "clean" of "disorders" can have far-reaching ancillary downstream effects in the genetic ecology, including negative effects on immunity and on species resilience.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugenics
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=gattaca
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=gattaca+discrimination
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=gattaca+movieclip
Gattaca (1_8) Movie CLIP - I Am Not Jerome Morrow (1997) HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Q67bMYOm7E
Gattaca (3_8) Movie CLIP - A De-gene-erate (1997) HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=06lJhEc7zIo
- black supremacy is a reaction to white supremacy? I didn't realise it's not as simple as that. It feels like the Colonial Powers seemed to intend to exterminate native/indigenous tribes all around the world and then spread their ideas/values (similar to Apocalyptic thinking)? They covered the awkwardness of things up via fake history? The current system (nationally and internationally) locked in the relative positions of people and countries around the world which is why it looks so strange and why it probably isn't genuinely fair? I've been doing to do some sampling of people and doing further study of people in general. I just want to see whether there's that big of difference between humans but the problem is that you can achieve different things in different ways. In certain sports it's sort of easy, you just have to measure how fast someone can go, how high they can jump, etc? In terms of thinking you can get things done quickly, accurately, prefer band-aid solutions, long term solutions, etc? Not easy
Economic Update - Cornel West on Pandemic Capitalism
Analysis of George Floyd protests
The Black Panther Party (BPP), originally the Black Panther Party for Self-Defense, was a revolutionary socialist political organization founded by Marxist college students Bobby Seale (Chairman) and Huey Newton (Minister of Defense) in October 1966 in Oakland, California.[7][8] The party was active in the United States from 1966 until 1982, with chapters in numerous major cities, and international chapters in the United Kingdom in the early 1970s,[9] and in Algeria from 1969 to 1972.[10] At its inception on October 15, 1966,[11] the Black Panther Party's core practice was its open carry armed citizens' patrols ("copwatching") to monitor the behavior of officers of the Oakland Police Department and challenge police brutality in the city.
In 1969, a variety of community social programs became a core activity.[12] The Party instituted the Free Breakfast for Children Programs to address food injustice, and community health clinics for education and treatment of diseases including sickle cell anemia, tuberculosis, and later HIV/AIDS.[13][14][15]
Black Panther Party members were involved in many fatal firefights with police. Newton declared:
Malcolm, implacable to the ultimate degree, held out to the Black masses . . . liberation from the chains of the oppressor and the treacherous embrace of the endorsed [Black] spokesmen. Only with the gun were the black masses denied this victory. But they learned from Malcolm that with the gun, they can recapture their dreams and bring them into reality.[16]
Huey Newton allegedly killed officer John Frey in 1967, and Eldridge Cleaver (Minister of Information) led an ambush in 1968 of Oakland police officers, in which two officers were wounded and Panther Bobby Hutton (Treasurer) was killed. FBI infiltrators caused the party to suffer many internal conflicts, resulting in the murders of Alex Rackley and Betty Van Patter.
In 1967, the Mulford Act was passed by the California legislature and governor Ronald Reagan, establishing strict gun laws that stripped legal ownership of firearms from Black Panther members and prevented all citizens, black and white, from carrying firearms in public.
In 1969, Federal Bureau of Investigation Director J. Edgar Hoover described the party as "the greatest threat to the internal security of the country."[17][18][19] He developed and supervised an extensive counterintelligence program (COINTELPRO) of surveillance, infiltration, perjury, police harassment, and many other tactics, designed to undermine Panther leadership, incriminate and assassinate party members, discredit and criminalize the Party, and drain organizational resources and manpower. The program was responsible for the assassination of Fred Hampton,[20] and is accused of assassinating other Black Panther members, including Mark Clark.[21][22][23][24]
Government persecution initially contributed to the party's growth, as killings and arrests of Panthers increased its support among African Americans and the broad political left, who both valued the Panthers as a powerful force opposed to de facto segregation and the military draft. The party enrolled the most members and had the most influence in the Oakland-San Francisco Bay Area, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Philadelphia.[25] There were active chapters in many prisons, at a time when an increasing number of young African-American men were being incarcerated.
Black Panther Party membership reached a peak in 1970, with offices in 68 cities and thousands of members, but it began to decline over the following decade. After its leaders and members were vilified by the mainstream press, public support for the party waned, and the group became more isolated.[26] In-fighting among Party leadership, fomented largely by the FBI's COINTELPRO operation, led to expulsions and defections that decimated the membership.[27] Popular support for the Party declined further after reports of the group's alleged criminal activities, such as drug dealing and extortion of Oakland merchants.[28] By 1972 most Panther activity centered on the national headquarters and a school in Oakland, where the party continued to influence local politics. Though under constant police surveillance, the Chicago chapter also remained active and maintained their community programs until 1974.[25] The Seattle chapter persisted longer than most, with a breakfast program and medical clinics that continued even after the chapter disbanded in 1977.[25] The Party continued to dwindle throughout the 1970s, and by 1980 had just 27 members.[29]
The Party's history is controversial. Scholars have characterized the Black Panther Party as the most influential black movement organization of the late 1960s, and "the strongest link between the domestic Black Liberation Struggle and global opponents of American imperialism".[30] Other commentators have described the Party as more criminal than political, characterized by "defiant posturing over substance".[31]
demographic billionaire
American business magnate and investor, Warren Buffett, worth about 82.5 billion dollars, ranked third. When taking a closer look at the demographics of billionaires globally, about 87 percent were men in 2013. The world region with the highest female billionaire share was Europe, at 17 percent.
Black-white wealth gap
According to sociologist Dalton Conley, there are two theories that explain the Black-White wealth gap. The “historical legacy thesis” contends that the current wealth gap was created by the “head start” that White people have had in amassing wealth and inheriting wealth from generations prior.[10] Continuous racial discrimination against Black Americans also contributes to this theory.[10] The “contemporary dynamics thesis” explains how modern phenomena, specifically systematic racism in the housing and credit markets, are the main source of the wealth gap.[10]
In 1994, the typical Black American family had a net worth of $9,800, while a typical White family had a net worth of $72,000.[10] By 1997, the median family income of African American families was up to $26,522, 55% of the $47,023 of White families.[10] Black wealth mostly consists of home equity and car ownership, while white wealth also includes financial assets, "the key to wealth accumulation".[10] For this reason, the wealth gap between blacks and whites has continuously grown since the civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s.[10]
Post-emancipation
In 1860, freed Black Americans owned approximately $50 million worth of land.[10] Land redistribution was promised as reparations for freed slaves by President Andrew Johnson after the Emancipation Proclamation.[10] This promise was not fulfilled for many. For those who did receive land, the ownership was temporary as land was eventually sold off to White individuals.[10]
Former slaves faced a slim job market and many were forced into sharecropping, a system in which laborers rent land from a landlord to grow crops and provide a share of their crops as rent.[10] Many blacks tried to escape this by getting wealthy and buying the land, but these attempts mostly failed.[11]
Seventy-five per cent of Australians hold an implicit bias against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples, a study has found. 
The study, published in the Journal of Australian Indigenous Issues, is based on more than 11,000 unique responses to an implicit association test over 10 years. 
According to Australian National University researcher Siddharth Shirodkar, the results show that “most Australian participants on average – regardless of background – hold an implicit bias against Indigenous Australians”. 
A third of respondents showed a strong implicit bias against Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. The most neutral group were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples themselves, who showed such a slight bias toward Indigenous people that “statistically speaking they are unbiased”, Shirodkar said.
“Your internal implicit bias, that’s what’s inside,” he said. “You may or may not act on that.”
...
The data comes from an [119]implicit association test that was established as part of a collaboration between Project Implicit, [120]a global project founded by researchers at Harvard University, the University of Washington and the University of Virginia, and a researcher at the University of Sydney. The Australian data has never been published before.
Respondents were shown black-and-white photographs from the late-19th and early 20th century of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and white people, and given a word to associate with that person. 
The test measures how quickly the respondent clicks a button to associate a positive word with the image of an Indigenous person or a white person. 
People who are quick to click the button are perceived as holding a bias toward Indigenous people, while people who are slow to associate the positive word with the image of an Indigenous person are seen as biased against them. 
The test is so sensitive that blinking when the response flashes up could change an individual’s score, but Shirodkar said it was useful, if the sample size was large enough, as a way to gauge broad levels of implicit bias in a society. 
No one received a score of zero, which would suggest they had no implicit bias toward either group. In a fair society, he said, you would hope the average score would tend toward zero.
The average score was +0.29, biased toward caucasian faces, while the median score was +0.33. Young people aged 14 to 25 and older Australians over the age of 60 had the highest rates of bias toward white faces. 
The results also found that men were more biased than women. But there was no reduction in the level of implicit bias held by people with a tertiary education. “Which is certainly a little depressing to see,” Shirodkar said.
An earlier study by the Australian National University found that [121]20% of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander school students in New South Wales and Victoria experienced racial discrimination from their teacher.
A similar test conducted in the United States in 2018 to test bias against black Americans found an average score of 0.30 and median score of 0.34 in favour of caucasian faces.
Shirodkar said: “The result implies that the level of implicit bias that Australian residents have toward Indigenous Australians is comparable in magnitude and direction to the implicit bias that US residents have towards African Americans.” 
The Point S2020 Ep15 - Black Lives Matter
cornerstone speech
The Cornerstone Speech, also known as the Cornerstone Address, was an oration given by Confederate Vice President Alexander H. Stephens at the Athenaeum in Savannah, Georgia, on March 21, 1861,[1] delivered extemporaneously a few weeks before the Civil War began with the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter. Stephens' speech defended "slavery" as a fundamental and just result of the inferiority of the black race, explained the fundamental differences between the constitutions of the Confederacy and that of the United States, enumerated contrasts between U.S. and Confederate ideologies, and laid out the Confederacy's rationale for seceding from the U.S. In particular, he stated that "Our new government['s] foundations are laid, its cornerstone rests, upon the great truth that the negro is not equal to the white man."
'No more Black Petes… in a few years'
In the Dutch pre-Christmas tradition known as Sinterklaas, the revered Saint Nicholas —  who is portrayed as white —  brings gifts to children accompanied by his ensemble of disobedient helpers —  "Black Petes."
Rutte said that since 2013 he had met many people, including "small children, who said 'I feel terribly discriminated (against) because Pete is black'…  I thought, that's the last thing that we want" in a holiday intended for children.
"I expect in a few years there will be no more Black Petes," Rutte said.
Supporters of the tradition argue that Pete is a fantasy character who does not portray any race.
Racism a 'systemic problem' in the Netherlands
Linda Nooitmeer, chairwoman of the National Institute for the Study of Dutch Slavery and its Legacy, said Rutte's comments were important in a country that has a problem with acknowledging racism.
"The magnitude of a leader in a country stating this is enormous," she said, according to Reuters.
"You can have all the legislation you want ... but if the people in power, the leader of the country, doesn't seem to support it — and that's what it looked like in 2013 when he said that about Black Pete — then the struggle will be harder."
Anti-racism demonstrations honouring Floyd took place in Amsterdam and Rotterdam this week, with more upcoming protests scheduled.  
Rutte acknowledged on Wednesday that discrimination is a "systematic problem" in the Netherlands.
CNN Sesame Street   Town Hall Standing Up To  Racism Full Video
social justice books
https://socialjusticebooks.org/booklists/
https://www.salon.com/2020/06/07/trumps-abuse-of-religion-follows-playbook-of-authoritarian-leaders-around-the-world_partner/
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-07/how-founders-of-black-lives-matter-feel-in-george-floyd-protests/12325110
https://www.smh.com.au/world/europe/black-lives-matter-protests-sweep-across-europe-20200608-p550cn.html
In 1968, Martin Luther King Jr's assassination sparked riots that left more than 50 dead.
The federal government conducted a report called the Kerner Commission to explore how riots could be prevented in the future.
The report found that conscious and unconscious white supremacy was leading to systemic inequality, which, in turn, created "a destructive environment".
"White institutions created it, white institutions maintain it, and white society condones it," the report reads.
Historian Heather Anne Thompson told Vox the report resulted in no notable policy shifts and was instead met with a "general unwillingness to tackle white supremacy".
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-07/how-founders-of-black-lives-matter-feel-in-george-floyd-protests/12325110
https://www.rt.com/news/491139-us-floyd-chaos-riots-zakharova/
http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2020/06/07/626957/Racial-discrimination-African-American-George-Floyd
https://www.rt.com/news/491029-facebook-labels-foreign-media/
http://www.presstv.com/Detail/2020/06/07/626935/US-Israeli-Iran-Parliament-speaker
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Colston
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment
https://metro.co.uk/2020/06/08/black-lives-matter-protesters-spray-racist-winston-churchill-statue-12818932/
https://www.9news.com.au/national/aus-protests-black-lives-matter-george-floyd-syd-melb-qld-sa-hobart-wa-nt/a1b4c3ef-b8a8-45e6-9b03-a532c8d1e2c1
https://www.afr.com/world/europe/statues-toppled-defaced-amid-global-protests-20200608-p550l0
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/mapping-civil-unrest-united-states-2000-2020
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/medias-racial-injustice-blind-spot-over-30-shot-another-deadly-chicago-weekend
https://www.zerohedge.com/political/fbi-investigate-possible-link-between-recent-killings-law-enforcement-norcal
https://thenewdaily.com.au/news/world/2020/06/06/chokeholds-police/
https://www.rt.com/news/491142-brussels-blm-protests-violence/
https://www.news.com.au/finance/work/leaders/us-protests-colin-powell-other-military-leaders-speak-out-in-unprecedented-numbers-against-donald-trump/news-story/8425a6485619b9fc8749adff4f0af1f1
Ms Jones used Monopoly to relate to the US’ 450 years of slavery and the struggle African-Americans continue to face.
“At this point the only way you’re going to catch up in the game is if the person shares the wealth and now what if every time they share the wealth, there’s psychological warfare against you to say ‘oh you’re an equal opportunity hire.’
“How can you win? You can’t win, the game is fixed! So when they say ‘why did you burn down your own neighbourhood? Why did you burn down the community? It’s not ours,” she screamed.
“We don’t own anything!
“Trevor Noah said it so beautifully that there is a social contract that we all have where if you steal or I steal, the person of authority comes in and they fix the situation.
“But the person who fixes the situation is killing us so the social contract is broken and if the social contract is broken why the f**k do I give a s**t about burning a football hall of fame or burning a Target?
“You broke the contract when you killed us in the streets and didn’t give a f**k.
“You broke the contract when we played your game for 400 years and built your wealth.
“You broke the contract when we built our wealth again, with our boot straps, and you destroyed it.
“So f**k your Target, f**k your hall of fame, as far as I’m concerned they could burn all of this to the ground and it still wouldn’t be enough.
“And they are lucky that all black people are looking for is equality and not revenge.”
https://www.news.com.au/world/north-america/george-floyd-protests-us-monopoly-board-game-used-to-explain-looting/news-story/a43cab38f8262658b56f73f6d89940ce
- as an aside there are many funny aspects with gang and Maschismo culture. The more macho you are the more obsessed with homosexuality you become? It partly explains the nature of society and perspective of some feminists. That said, someone has to watch over children if they may be involved?
Mad TV - Hilarious gangster fight
Mad TV - Gay Gangster Fight ;-)
Eminem is gay - The Interview
machismo and homosexuality
Machismo (/məˈtʃiːzmoʊ, mɑː-, -ˈtʃɪ-/; Spanish: [maˈtʃizmo]; Portuguese: [maˈʃiʒmu]; from Spanish and Portuguese "macho", male)[1] is the sense of being 'manly' and self-reliant, the concept associated with "a strong sense of masculine pride: an exaggerated masculinity."[2] It is associated with "a man's responsibility to provide for, protect, and defend his family."[3]
The word macho has a long history in both Spain and Portugal as well as in Spanish and Portuguese languages. It was originally associated with the ideal societal role men were expected to play in their communities, most particularly, Iberian language-speaking societies and countries. Macho in Portuguese and Spanish is a strictly masculine term, derived from the Latin mascŭlus meaning male (today hombre or varón, c.f. Portuguese homem and now-obsolete for humans varão; macho and varão, in their most common sense, are used for males of non-human animal species). Machos in Iberian-descended cultures are expected to possess and display bravery, courage and strength as well as wisdom and leadership, and ser macho (literally, "to be a macho") was an aspiration for all boys.
...
Because of the objectification of women, domestic violence often ignored when women decide to seek help from the police. Domestic abuse victims are given psychological counseling as a way to cope with their trauma, but little is done criminally to solve the problem.[41] Domestic Abuse cases or other violent crimes committed against women, are very rarely reported on by the media,[42] and the government does not release statistics that show the people the extent of the crimes.[43] The Cuban Revolution changed some of the ways the people of Cuba viewed women. Fidel Castro in his own words saw that the women were going through ‘a revolution within the revolution, and established the Federation of Cuban Women (FMC). This organization, headed by Vilma Espin, Castro's sister in law, helped women establish themselves better into the working world and in women's right issues.[42] The FMC has continually advocated for women rights and in 1997 created the Grupo Nacional para la Prevencion y Atencion de la Violencia Familiar, a national group whose purpose is to study and find measures on how to get help for the women who fall victim to domestic violence.[42] With the help of the FMC and the Grupo Nacional para la Prevencion y Atencion de la Violencia Familiar, women can file claims against their abusers at the Office of Victim Rights. They are also now able to get access to sexual abuse therapies.[42] This by no way solves the issue of domestic abuse, but it is a turning point for the Cuban women who are now no longer feel powerless in the fight.[42]
- many concepts and ideas seem to come from the era of slavery globally? The terms that were used from the slavery era continue to this day. Incredibly, slavery/human trafficking continues to now?
The word slave is derived from the ethnonym (ethnic name) Slav. It arrived in English via the Old French sclave. In Medieval Latin the word was sclavus; in Byzantine Greek σκλάβος. At a very early medieval date, when Christian government in most of Europe had collapsed, trading expeditions to eastern Europe brought back Slavs as slaves.[8][9] An older interpretation connected it to the Greek verb skyleúo 'to strip a slain enemy'.[10]
There is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as "unfree labourer" or enslaved person, rather than "slave", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, slave perpetuates the crime of slavery in language; by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of "carry[ing] them forward as people, not the property that they were". Other historians prefer slave because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with "person" implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow for.[11]
Slavs are Indo-European people who speak the various Slavic languages of the larger Balto-Slavic linguistic group. They are native to Eurasia, stretching from Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe all the way north and eastwards to Northeast Europe, Northern Asia (Siberia) and Central Asia (especially Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan), as well as historically in Western Europe (particularly in Eastern Germany) and Western Asia (including Anatolia). From the early 6th century they spread to inhabit most of Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe. Today, there is a large Slavic diaspora throughout North America, particularly in the United States and Canada as a result of immigration.[1]
Apartheid (South African English: /əˈpɑːrteɪd/; Afrikaans: [aˈpartɦɛit], segregation; lit. "aparthood") was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 until the early 1990s.[note 1] Apartheid was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap (or white supremacy), which ensured that South Africa was dominated politically, socially, and economically by the nation's minority white population.[4] According to this system of social stratification, white citizens had the highest status, followed in descending order by Asians, Coloureds, and black Africans.[4] The economic legacy and social effects of apartheid continue to the present day.[5][6][7]
Broadly speaking, apartheid was delineated into petty apartheid, which entailed the segregation of public facilities and social events, and grand apartheid, which dictated housing and employment opportunities by race.[8] Prior to the 1940s, some aspects of apartheid had already emerged in the form of minority rule by white South Africans and the socially enforced separation of black Africans from other races, which later extended to pass laws and land apportionment.[9][10] Apartheid was adopted as a formal policy by the South African government after the ascension of the National Party (NP) during the 1948 general elections.[11]
A codified system of racial stratification began to take form in South Africa under the Dutch Empire in the eighteenth century, although informal segregation was present much earlier due to social cleavages between Dutch colonists and a creolised, ethnically diverse slave population.[12] With the rapid growth and industrialisation of the British Cape Colony in the nineteenth century, racial policies and laws became increasingly rigid. Cape legislation that discriminated specifically against black Africans began appearing shortly before 1900.[13] The policies of the Boer republics were also racially exclusive; for instance, the Transvaal's constitution barred black African and Coloured participation in church and state.[14]
The first apartheid law was the Prohibition of Mixed Marriages Act, 1949, followed closely by the Immorality Amendment Act of 1950, which made it illegal for most South African citizens to marry or pursue sexual relationships across racial lines.[15] The Population Registration Act, 1950 classified all South Africans into one of four racial groups based on appearance, known ancestry, socioeconomic status, and cultural lifestyle: "Black", "White", "Coloured", and "Indian", the last two of which included several sub-classifications.[16] Places of residence were determined by racial classification.[15] Between 1960 and 1983, 3.5 million black Africans were removed from their homes and forced into segregated neighbourhoods as a result of apartheid legislation, in some of the largest mass evictions in modern history.[17] Most of these targeted removals were intended to restrict the black population to ten designated "tribal homelands", also known as bantustans, four of which became nominally independent states.[15] The government announced that relocated persons would lose their South African citizenship as they were absorbed into the bantustans.[8]
Apartheid sparked significant international and domestic opposition, resulting in some of the most influential global social movements of the twentieth century.[18] It was the target of frequent condemnation in the United Nations and brought about an extensive arms and trade embargo on South Africa.[19] During the 1970s and 1980s, internal resistance to apartheid became increasingly militant, prompting brutal crackdowns by the National Party government and protracted sectarian violence that left thousands dead or in detention.[20] Some reforms of the apartheid system were undertaken, including allowing for Indian and Coloured political representation in parliament, but these measures failed to appease most activist groups.[21]
Between 1987 and 1993, the National Party entered into bilateral negotiations with the African National Congress (ANC), the leading anti-apartheid political movement, for ending segregation and introducing majority rule.[21][22] In 1990, prominent ANC figures such as Nelson Mandela were released from prison.[23] Apartheid legislation was repealed on 17 June 1991,[2] pending multiracial elections held under a universal suffrage set for April 1994.[24]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apartheid
Israel and the apartheid analogy is criticism of Israel charging that Israel has practiced a system akin to apartheid against Arabs and Palestinians in its occupation of the West Bank.[1] Some commentators extend the analogy to include treatment of Arab citizens of Israel, describing their citizenship status as second-class.[9] The analogy has been asserted by critics of Israel including scholars, United Nations investigators,[10] human rights groups critical of Israeli policy[11][12] and by several Israeli former politicians.[13] Proponents of the analogy say that "a system of control" in the Israeli-occupied West Bank, including the ID system; Israeli settlements; separate roads for Israeli and Palestinian citizens around many of these settlements; Israeli military checkpoints; marriage law; the West Bank barrier; use of Palestinians as cheaper labour; Palestinian West Bank exclaves; and inequities in infrastructure, legal rights (e.g. "Enclave law"), and access to land and resources between Palestinians and Israeli residents in the Israeli-occupied territories, resemble some aspects of the South African apartheid regime, and that elements of Israel's occupation constitute forms of colonialism and of apartheid, contrary to international law.[14]
Critics of the analogy argue that the comparison is factually,[15] and morally[15] inaccurate and intended to delegitimize Israel.[16][17][18] Opponents of the analogy also assert that the West Bank and Gaza are not part of sovereign Israel. They argue that though the internal free movement of Palestinians is heavily regulated by the Israeli government, the territories are governed by the elected Palestinian Authority and Hamas leaders, so they cannot be compared to the internal policies of apartheid South Africa.[19] Proponents compare the occupied territories to the Bantustans setup within South Africa, which were also classified as "self-governing" or "independent".
Other criticisms of the analogy note that Israeli law is the same for Jewish citizens and other Israeli citizens, with no explicit distinction between race, creed or sex, whereas South Africa enshrined racial segregation policies in law.[22] However, others believe that certain laws do explicitly or implicitly discriminate on the basis of creed or race, in effect privileging Jewish citizens and disadvantaging non-Jewish, and particularly Arab, citizens of the state. These include the Law of Return, the Ban on Family Unification, and many laws regarding security, land and planning, citizenship, political representation in the Knesset (legislature), education and culture. The Nation-State Bill, which has been met with worldwide condemnation, has also been compared by members of PLO, opposition MPs, and other Arab and Jewish Israelis, to an "apartheid law".[23][24][25][26][27][28][29] On 12 December 2019, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination decided that it has jurisdiction to investigate a complaint by Palestine against Israel for breaches of its obligations under the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination.[30][31][32]
The caste system in India is the paradigmatic ethnographic example of caste. It has origins in ancient India, and was transformed by various ruling elites in medieval, early-modern, and modern India, especially the Mughal Empire and the British Raj.[1][2][3][4] It is today the basis of afirmative action programmes in India.[5] The caste system consists of two different concepts, varna and jati, which may be regarded as different levels of analysis of this system.
The caste system as it exists today, is thought to be the result of developments during the collapse of the Mughal era and the rise of the British colonial regime in India.[1][6] The collapse of the Mughal era saw the rise of powerful men who associated themselves with kings, priests and ascetics, affirming the regal and martial form of the caste ideal, and it also reshaped many apparently casteless social groups into differentiated caste communities.[7] The British Raj furthered this development, making rigid caste organisation a central mechanism of administration.[6] Between 1860 and 1920, the British segregated Indians by caste, granting administrative jobs and senior appointments only to Christians and people belonging to certain castes.[8] Social unrest during the 1920s led to a change in this policy.[9] From then on, the colonial administration began a policy of divisive as well as positive discrimination by reserving a certain percentage of government jobs for the lower castes. In 1948, negative discrimination on the basis of caste was banned by law and further enshrined in the Indian constitution, however the system continues to be practiced in India with devastating social effects.
Caste-based differences have also been practised in other regions and religions in the Indian subcontinent like Nepalese Buddhism,[10] Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Sikhism.[11] It has been challenged by many reformist Hindu movements,[12] Islam, Sikhism, Christianity,[11] and also by present-day Indian Buddhism.[13]
New developments took place after India achieved independence, when the policy of caste-based reservation of jobs was formalised with lists of Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes. Since 1950, the country has enacted many laws and social initiatives to protect and improve the socioeconomic conditions of its lower caste population.
- same theme over and over again? Racial, cultural, religious superiority is used as a reason to intervene/colonise in another country? Leopold was normal as a child but a tyrant as King. Sought permission from other colonial powers for rubber harvesting in Congo. Gained it but lost it when it was cutting in on the operations of the other colonial powers. Very similar theme in South Vietnam during the Indochina period
Meet The Forgotten 'Hitler' Who Killed 15 Million Africans...
Leopold's administration of the Congo was characterised by murder, torture, and atrocities, resulting from notorious systematic brutality. The hands of men, women, and children were amputated when the quota of rubber was not met. These and other facts were established at the time by eyewitness testimony and on-site inspection by an international Commission of Inquiry (1904). Millions of the Congolese people died: modern estimates range from 1 million to 15 million deaths, with a consensus growing around 10 million. Some historians argue against this figure, citing the absence of reliable censuses, the enormous mortality of diseases such as smallpox or sleeping sickness, and the fact that there were only 175 administrative agents in charge of rubber exploitation.[1][2] In 1908, the reports of deaths and abuse induced the Belgian government to take over the administration of the Congo from Leopold.
Slavery is any system in which principles of property law are applied to people, allowing individuals to own, buy and sell other individuals, as a de jure form of property.[1] A slave is unable to withdraw unilaterally from such an arrangement and works without remuneration. Many scholars now use the term chattel slavery to refer to this specific sense of legalized, de jure slavery. In a broader sense, however, the word slavery may also refer to any situation in which an individual is de facto forced to work against their own will. Scholars also use the more generic terms such as unfree labour or forced labour to refer to such situations.[2] However, and especially under slavery in broader senses of the word, slaves may have some rights and protections according to laws or customs.
Slavery existed in many cultures, dating back to early human civilizations.[3] A person could become enslaved from the time of their birth, capture, or purchase. Slavery was legal in most societies at some time in the past but is now outlawed in all recognized countries.[4][5] The last country to officially abolish slavery was Mauritania in 1981. Nevertheless, there are an estimated 40.3 million people worldwide subject to some form of modern slavery.[6] The most common form of modern slave trade is commonly referred to as human trafficking. In other areas, slavery continues through practices such as debt bondage, the most widespread form of slavery today;[2] serfdom; domestic servants kept in captivity; certain adoptions in which children are forced to work as slaves; child soldiers; and forced marriage.[7]
...
The word slave is derived from the ethnonym (ethnic name) Slav. It arrived in English via the Old French sclave. In Medieval Latin the word was sclavus; in Byzantine Greek σκλάβος. At a very early medieval date, when Christian government in most of Europe had collapsed, trading expeditions to eastern Europe brought back Slavs as slaves.[8][9] An older interpretation connected it to the Greek verb skyleúo 'to strip a slain enemy'.[10]
There is a dispute among historians about whether terms such as "unfree labourer" or enslaved person, rather than "slave", should be used when describing the victims of slavery. According to those proposing a change in terminology, slave perpetuates the crime of slavery in language; by reducing its victims to a nonhuman noun instead of "carry[ing] them forward as people, not the property that they were". Other historians prefer slave because the term is familiar and shorter, or because it accurately reflects the inhumanity of slavery, with "person" implying a degree of autonomy that slavery does not allow for.[11]
Sir Joseph Banks is justly celebrated as a "naturalist, botanist, and patron of the natural sciences."
His role as an expedition scientist on Captain Cook's first voyage set a benchmark for rigour, and helped to lift him to election as president of the Royal Society in 1778.
From that position, he directed and encouraged multinational scientific endeavours for more than four decades. Less well-known is how he used that science to pursue imperial power.
The role of science in the "Age of Enlightenment" has sometimes been imagined as a bubble of purity, where the hunt for new knowledge outweighed all other considerations.
It is certainly true that warring European powers granted safe passage for elite scientific correspondence, and sometimes for individual scholars, or whole expeditions. But the context for this was a consensus on the value of scientific discovery for the pursuit of imperial aggrandisement.
Banks was a hereditary member of the English establishment. Born in 1743, his father and grandfather had been members of parliament and he inherited extensive Lincolnshire estates at an early age.
He blended formal education with self-funded studies, and by his mid-20s, was already a member of the Royal Society, undertaking an expedition to the north-eastern shores of Canada, where he identified the Great Auk for science.
...
Sir Joseph Banks, like so many leading lights of his generation, drew no distinction between the advancement of humanity and the interests of the British Empire.
colonisation looting
Gilley has helped to justify these views by getting his opinions published in a peer review journal. In his article, Gilley attempts to provide evidence which proves colonialism was objectively beneficial to the colonized. He says historians are simply too politically correct to admit colonialism’s benefits.
In fact, the opposite is true. In the overwhelming majority of cases, empirical research clearly provides the facts to prove colonialism inflicted grave political, psychological and economic harm on the colonized.
It takes a highly selective misreading of the evidence to claim that colonialism was anything other than a humanitarian disaster for most of the colonized. The publication of Gilley’s article—despite the evidence of facts—calls into question the peer review process and academic standards of The Third World Quarterly.
https://theconversation.com/returning-looted-artefacts-will-finally-restore-heritage-to-the-brilliant-cultures-that-made-them-107479
- the Cold War and communism which adopted an anti-religion stance set it on a crash course with all religions? The obvious irony is that the religions have sort of always been semi-at odds with normal society?
https://www.dw.com/en/remember-soviet-wwii-role-putin-urges-world/a-53866112
https://www.weeklyblitz.net/oped/how-russian-jews-have-changed-israel/
communism and religion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism_and_religion
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_communism
marxism
Marxism analyzes the material conditions and the economic activities required to fulfill human material needs to explain social phenomena within any given society. It assumes that the form of economic organization, or mode of production, influences all other social phenomena—including wider social relations, political institutions, legal systems, cultural systems, aesthetics, and ideologies. The economic system and these social relations form a base and superstructure. As forces of production, i.e. technology, improve, existing forms of organizing production become obsolete and hinder further progress. As Karl Marx observed: "At a certain stage of development, the material productive forces of society come into conflict with the existing relations of production or—this merely expresses the same thing in legal terms—with the property relations within the framework of which they have operated hitherto. From forms of development of the productive forces these relations turn into their fetters. Then begins an era of social revolution".[12] These inefficiencies manifest themselves as social contradictions in society which are, in turn, fought out at the level of the class struggle.[13]
Under the capitalist mode of production, this struggle materializes between the minority (the bourgeoisie) who own the means of production and the vast majority of the population (the proletariat) who produce goods and services. Starting with the conjectural premise that social change occurs because of the struggle between different classes within society who are under contradiction against each other, a Marxist would conclude that capitalism exploits and oppresses the proletariat, therefore capitalism will inevitably lead to a proletarian revolution. In a socialist society, private property—in the form of the means of production—would be replaced by co-operative ownership. A socialist economy would not base production on the creation of private profits, but on the criteria of satisfying human needs—that is, production would be carried out directly for use. As Friedrich Engels said: "Then the capitalist mode of appropriation in which the product enslaves first the producer, and then the appropriator, is replaced by the mode of appropriation of the product that is based upon the nature of the modern means of production; upon the one hand, direct social appropriation, as means to the maintenance and extension of production on the other, direct individual appropriation, as means of subsistence and of enjoyment".[14]
Marxian economics and its proponents view capitalism as economically unsustainable and incapable of improving the living standards of the population due to its need to compensate for falling rates of profit by cutting employee's wages, social benefits and pursuing military aggression. The socialist system would succeed capitalism as humanity's mode of production through workers' revolution. According to Marxian crisis theory, socialism is not an inevitability, but an economic necessity.[15]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxism
During Romero's beatification, Pope Francis stated, "His ministry was distinguished by his particular attention to the most poor and marginalized."[5] Hailed as a hero by supporters of liberation theology inspired by his work, Romero, according to his biographer, "was not interested in liberation theology" but faithfully adhered to Catholic teachings on liberation and a preferential option for the poor,[6] desiring a social revolution based on interior reform. Up to the end of his life, his spiritual life drew much from the spirituality of Opus Dei.[7] While seen as a social conservative at his appointment as archbishop in 1977, he was deeply affected by the murder of his friend and fellow priest Rutilio Grande a few weeks after his own appointment and subsequently developed into an outspoken social activist.
In 2010, the United Nations General Assembly proclaimed 24 March as the "International Day for the Right to the Truth Concerning Gross Human Rights Violations and for the Dignity of Victims" in recognition of the role of Romero in defence of human rights. Romero actively denounced violations of the human rights of the most vulnerable people and defended the principles of protecting lives, promoting human dignity and opposing all forms of violence.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero
Liberation theology is a synthesis of Christian theology and socio-economic analyses, based on far-left politics, particularly Marxism, that emphasizes "social concern for the poor and political liberation for oppressed peoples."[1] In the 1950s and the 1960s, liberation theology was the political praxis of Latin American theologians, such as Gustavo Gutiérrez, Leonardo Boff, Juan Luis Segundo, and Jon Sobrino, who popularized the phrase "preferential option for the poor."
The Latin American context also produced evangelical advocates of liberation theology, such as Rubem Alves,[2][3] José Míguez Bonino, and C. René Padilla, who in the 1970s called for integral mission, emphasizing evangelism and social responsibility.
Theologies of liberation have developed in other parts of the world such as black theology in the United States and South Africa, Palestinian liberation theology, Dalit theology in India, and Minjung theology in South Korea.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberation_theology
Liberation theology is a synthesis of Christian theology and socio-economic analyses, based on far-left politics, particularly Marxism, that emphasizes "social concern for the poor and political liberation for oppressed peoples."[1] In the 1950s and the 1960s, liberation theology was the political praxis of Latin American theologians, such as Gustavo Gutiérrez, Leonardo Boff, Juan Luis Segundo, and Jon Sobrino, who popularized the phrase "preferential option for the poor."
The Latin American context also produced evangelical advocates of liberation theology, such as Rubem Alves,[2][3] José Míguez Bonino, and C. René Padilla, who in the 1970s called for integral mission, emphasizing evangelism and social responsibility.
Theologies of liberation have developed in other parts of the world such as black theology in the United States and South Africa, Palestinian liberation theology, Dalit theology in India, and Minjung theology in South Korea.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutilio_Grande
http://cispes.org/section/history-cispes
- there seems to be a continual theme of countries politicising human rights and war crimes? Namely, they selectively choose when/where to enforce or highlight human rights abuses or war crimes? It can lead to all sorts of frustration and arguments regarding moral relativity and moral equivalence
moral equivalence
Moral equivalence is a term used in political debate, usually to deny that a moral comparison can be made of two sides in a conflict, or in the actions or tactics of two sides.
The term had some currency in polemic debates about the Cold War, and currently the Arab–Israeli conflict. "Moral equivalence" began to be used as a polemic term-of-retort to "moral relativism", which had been gaining use as an indictment against political foreign policy that appeared to use only a situation-based application of widely held ethical standards.
International conflicts are sometimes viewed similarly, and interested parties periodically urge both sides to conduct a ceasefire and negotiate their differences. However these negotiations may prove difficult in that both parties in a conflict believe that they are morally superior to the other, and are unwilling to negotiate on basis of moral equivalence.
Cold War
In the Cold War context, the term was and is most commonly used by anti-Communists as an accusation of formal fallacy for leftist criticisms of United States foreign policy and military conduct.[citation needed]
Many such people believed in the idea that the United States was intrinsically benevolent, that the extension of its power, influence and hegemony was an extension of benevolence and would bring freedom to those people subject to that hegemony. Therefore, those who opposed the United States were by definition evil, trying to deny its benevolence to people. The USSR and its allies, in contrast, practiced a totalitarian ideology. A territory under US hegemony thus would be freed from possibly being in the camp of the totalitarian power and would help to weaken it. Thus, all means were justified in keeping territories away from Soviet influence in this way. This extended to countries not under Soviet influence but instead said to be sympathetic at all in any way with it. Therefore, Chile under Salvador Allende was not under Soviet domination, but removing him would help weaken the USSR by removing a government ruled with the help of a Communist party. The big picture, they would say, justified the tortures carried out by the Augusto Pinochet dictatorship as it served to weaken the totalitarian Communist camp and in time bring about the freedom of those under its domination.
Some of those who criticized US foreign policy at the time contended that US power in the Cold War was used only to pursue an economically-driven agenda. They claim that the underlying economic motivation eroded any claims of moral superiority, leaving the hostile acts (in Korea, Hungary, Cuba, Vietnam, Afghanistan, Nicaragua) to stand on their own. In contrast, those who justified US interventions in the Cold War period always cast these as being motivated by the need to contain totalitarianism and thus fulfilled a higher moral imperative.
An early popularizer of the expression was Jeane Kirkpatrick, who was United States ambassador to the United Nations in the Reagan administration. Kirkpatrick published an article called "The Myth of Moral Equivalence" in 1986, which sharply criticized those who she alleged were claiming that there was "no moral difference" between the Soviet Union and democratic states.[1] In fact, very few critics of United States policies in the Cold War era argued that there was a moral equivalence between the two sides. Communists, for instance, argued that the Soviet Union was morally superior to its adversaries. Kirkpatrick herself was one of the most outspoken voices calling for the US to support authoritarian military regimes in Central America that were responsible for major human rights violations. When four US churchwomen were raped and murdered by government soldiers in El Salvador, Kirkpatrick downplayed the gravity of the crime, remarking that 'the nuns were not just nuns, they were political activists'.[2] According to Congressman Robert Torricelli, Reagan administration officials, including Kirkpatrick, deliberately suppressed information about government abuses in El Salvador: "While the Reagan Administration was certifying human rights progress in El Salvador they knew the terrible truth that the Salvadoran military was engaged in a widespread campaign of terror and torture."[3]
Leftist critics usually argued that the United States itself created a "moral equivalence" when some of its actions, such as President Ronald Reagan's support for the Contra insurgency against the Sandinista government in Nicaragua, put it on the same level of immorality as the Soviet Union.[citation needed]
Moral equivalence has featured in debates over NATO expansion, the overthrow of rogue states, the invasion of Iraq, and the War on Terror. Concepts of moral hierarchy have been applied to foreign policy challenges such as Islamic fundamentalists, anti-Israel powers, Russia, China, drug traffickers, and Serbian nationalists, among others.
chinese dissident
united states dissident
Sagan became a figure of controversy from the right and later from the left in the 1970s when she and Baez shifted their focus from protesting abuses by American forces in the Vietnam War to protesting the abuses of North Vietnamese reeducation camps following the war.[7] A colleague remembers fellow anti-war activists being "furious" that Sagan would criticize the new Vietnamese communist regime in the same terms she had criticized the US Armed Forces,[5] and Sagan later recalled accusations that she was a fascist or undercover CIA operative.[2] Over the next decade, she also advocated on behalf of prisoners in Chile, the USSR, Poland, and Greece.[1] She served on the AI USA National Board of Directors from 1983-87. In 1994, she was elected the organization's Honorary Chair of the Board.[8]
In addition to her work with Amnesty International, Sagan founded the Aurora Foundation, which investigates and publicizes incidents of human rights abuses.[3]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginetta_Sagan
Throughout his career, Andropov aimed to achieve "the destruction of dissent in all its forms" and insisted that "the struggle for human rights was a part of a wide-ranging imperialist plot to undermine the foundation of the Soviet state".[14] Towards this end, he launched a campaign to eliminate all opposition in the USSR through a mixture of mass arrests, involuntary commitments to psychiatric hospitals, and pressuring on rights activists to emigrate from the Soviet Union.These measures were meticulously documented throughout his time as KGB chairman by the underground Chronicle of Current Events, a samizdat publication which was itself finally forced out of existence with its last published issue, dated 30 June 1982.[16]
On 3 July 1967, he made a proposal to establish the KGB's Fifth Directorate for dealing with the political opposition[17]:29 (ideological counterintelligence).[18]:177 At the end of July, the directorate was established and entered in its files cases of all Soviet dissidents including Andrei Sakharov and Alexander Solzhenitsyn.[17] In 1968, Andropov as the KGB Chairman issued his order "On the tasks of State security agencies in combating the ideological sabotage by the adversary", calling for struggle against dissidents and their imperialist masters.[14]
dissidents by country
Trump complained yesterday that states had not yet used enough violence to quell the civil unrest. In his speech on Monday, the US president threatened to unleash the US military on citizens. 
Unsurprisingly, Pompeo's tweet about denial of rights in Hong Kong was met with instant cries of "hypocrisy" on social media.
“Maybe if the US gave protestors the right of free assembly we would have a better case to make with other countries,” one person wrote. “Irony is dead,”said another.
“Your boss gassed peaceful Americans exercising their 1st Amendment rights yesterday for a photo op. You're a disgrace,” conservative columnist Jennifer Rubin responded.
A Chinese Twitter account simply responded to Pompeo's tweet with a video of NYPD police cars ramming into a group of peaceful protesters.
- the focus of the bank and capitalism in the US/Western sphere is a continuation from the British who wished to maintain their financial capital from their old Empire?
The Coming Collapse of the American Economic System with Richard Wolff
While Keynes represented the “soft imperialism” for the “left” of Britain’s intelligentsia, Churchill represented the hard unapologetic imperialism of the Old, less sophisticated empire that preferred the heavy fisted use of brute force to subdue the savages. Both however were unapologetic racists and fascists (Churchill even wrote admiringly of Mussolini’s black shirts) and both represented the most vile practices of British Imperialism.
FDR’s Forgotten Anti-Colonial Vision Revited
FDR’s battle with Churchill on the matter of empire is better known than his differences with Keynes whom he only met on a few occasions. This well documented clash was best illustrated in his son/assistant Elliot Roosevelt’s book As He Saw It (1946) who quoted his father:
“I’ve tried to make it clear … that while we’re [Britain’s] allies and in it to victory by their side, they must never get the idea that we’re in it just to help them hang on to their archaic, medieval empire ideas … I hope they realize they’re not senior partner; that we are not going to sit by and watch their system stultify the growth of every country in Asia and half the countries in Europe to boot.”
FDR continued: 
“The colonial system means war. Exploit the resources of an India, a Burma, a Java; take all the wealth out of these countries, but never put anything back into them, things like education, decent standards of living, minimum health requirements–all you’re doing is storing up the kind of trouble that leads to war. All you’re doing is negating the value of any kind of organizational structure for peace before it begins.”
The apparent oversight or blunder does not appear surprising if one takes a closer look at the modern American approach to history, argues Peter Kuznick, professor of History and Director of the Nuclear Studies Institute at American University.
“The problem is that it is what most Americans are taught in the schools and by the media. If you ask Americans who won WWII, most will say it was the US,” Kuznick told RT. He added that many people in the US have a “deep-seated ignorance about all things historical.”
But Jim Jatras, a former US diplomat, believes that the wording of the message was intentional.
“It is a calculated insult, a snub” directed against modern-day Russia, he said. Jatras says that such an approach stems from Washington’s desire to portray itself as the only world leader – and the world’s policeman, who dictates to others what to do.
The US is projecting the modern view of American dominance as the leader of the “progressive world” on history, including that of WWII. The complexities of the war are terra incognita, as far as most Americans are concerned.
“They have a reckless attitude towards insulting other countries,” Jatras adds. The fact that many Americans are enthralled by “fundamental” historical myths perpetuated by the media only makes things worse, Kuznick says.
https://www.rt.com/news/488330-moscow-washington-serious-talk-v-day/
- UK rise not possible without slave trade. Partition of Africa and extraction of resources required for rise of Imperial Powers. Nothing has changed? Berlin Treaty/Agreement of 1884 led to partition/colonisation of Africa via division into Spheres of Influence for the Great Powers (UK, France, Belgium, etc...). By end of 19th century the continent was 90% colonised. 10M Africans captured/used as slaves. Over a period of ~500 years the continent was de/under-developed? Colonial powers projected via IMF and World Bank. Same problem of development elsewhere. Small elite, no real middle class, lots of people struggling. Congo and Namibia had massive cases of genocide via Belgium and Germany. Brutality of colonial rule and slave trade created all sorts of problems for African development. Any European investment was for value extraction from Africa? A concious decision by colonial powers to not allow Africa to develop.
China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States are often referred to as great powers by academics due to "their political and economic dominance of the global arena". These five nations are the only states to have permanent seats with veto power on the UN Security Council.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_power
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_Leopold%27s_Ghost
Extracting profit and resources from the African continent, and resistance
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q1_1s9PRYfA
How Europe Underdeveloped Africa is a 1972 book written by Walter Rodney that takes the view that Africa was deliberately exploited and underdeveloped by European colonial regimes. One of his main arguments throughout the book is that Africa developed Europe at the same rate as Europe underdeveloped Africa.
Rodney argues that a combination of power politics and economic exploitation of Africa by Europeans led to the poor state of African political and economic development evident in the late 20th century. Though, he did not intend "to remove the ultimate responsibility for development from the shoulders of Africans... [He believes that] every African has a responsibility to understand the [capitalist] system and work for its overthrow."[citation needed]
This book is one of the most acclaimed books written in the 20th century about African development and post-colonial theory alongside Frantz Fanon's The Wretched of the Earth.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_Europe_Underdeveloped_Africa
The British Raj (/rɑːdʒ/; from rāj, literally, "rule" in Sanskrit and Hindustani)[2] was the rule by the British Crown on the Indian subcontinent from 1858 to 1947.[3][4][5][6] The rule is also called Crown rule in India,[7] or direct rule in India.[8] The region under British control was commonly called India in contemporaneous usage, and included areas directly administered by the United Kingdom, which were collectively called British India, and areas ruled by indigenous rulers, but under British tutelage or paramountcy, called the princely states. The region as a whole was never officially referred to as the Indian Empire.[9]
As "India", it was a founding member of the League of Nations, a participating nation in the Summer Olympics in 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936, and a founding member of the United Nations in San Francisco in 1945.[10]
This system of governance was instituted on 28 June 1858, when, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857, the rule of the British East India Company was transferred to the Crown in the person of Queen Victoria[11] (who, in 1876, was proclaimed Empress of India). It lasted until 1947, when it was partitioned into two sovereign dominion states: the Dominion of India (later the Republic of India) and the Dominion of Pakistan (later the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, the eastern part of which, still later, became the People's Republic of Bangladesh in 1971). At the inception of the Raj in 1858, Lower Burma was already a part of British India; Upper Burma was added in 1886, and the resulting union, Burma (Myanmar), was administered as an autonomous province until 1937, when it became a separate British colony, gaining its own independence in 1948.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj
The Berlin Conference of 1884-1885, also known as the Congo Conference (German: Kongokonferenz) or West Africa Conference (Westafrika-Konferenz), regulated European colonization and trade in Africa during the New Imperialism period and coincided with Germany's sudden emergence as an imperial power.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin_Conference
By 1783, an anti-slavery movement to abolish the slave trade throughout the Empire had begun among the British public. Spurred by an incident involving Chloe Cooley, a slave brought to Canada by an American Loyalist, Lieutenant-Governor of Upper Canada John Graves Simcoe tabled the Act Against Slavery in 1793. Passed by the local Legislative Assembly, it was the first legislation to outlaw the slave trade in a part of the British Empire.[5]
The British were, by the late eighteenth century, the biggest proponents of the abolition of slavery worldwide, having previously been the world's largest slave dealers.[6] William Wilberforce had written in his diary in 1787 that his great purpose in life was to suppress the slave trade before waging a 20-year fight on the industry.[7]
In 1807, Parliament passed the Slave Trade Act of 1807, which outlawed the international slave trade, but not slavery itself. The legislation was timed to coincide with the expected prohibition from 1808 of international slave trading by the United States, Britain's chief rival in maritime commerce. This legislation imposed fines that did little to deter slave trade participants. Abolitionist Henry Brougham realized that trading had continued and as a new MP successfully introduced the Slave Trade Felony Act 1811 which at last made the overseas slave trade a felony act throughout the empire. The Royal Navy established the West Africa Squadron to suppress the Atlantic slave trade by patrolling the coast of West Africa. It did suppress the slave trade, but did not stop it entirely. Between 1808 and 1860, the West Africa Squadron captured 1,600 slave ships and freed 150,000 Africans.[8] They resettled many in Jamaica and the Bahamas.[9][10] Britain also used its influence to coerce other countries to agree to treaties to end their slave trade and allow the Royal Navy to seize their slave ships.[11][12]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slavery_Abolition_Act_1833
Famous hip-hop artist and activist Kareem Dennis (stage name Lowkey) unloaded on British imperialism in an interview with RT, saying it’s the bitter legacy of slavery and persecution that is being avenged at the moment.
People are coming to terms with the fact that “Britain didn’t have an empire, Britain was an empire,” Lowkey told RT’s Going Underground when asked for his take on the heated debate on the removal of controversial statues. The subjugated colonies were essentially based upon people “long considered upstarts, if not barbarians.”
The empire prospered as its per capita GDP “actually increased by 347 percent” between 1757 and 1900 – but that boomeranged in the 21st century, Lowkey said.
What is happening now is the revenge of that history.
Labeling Britain an “empire of thievery,” Lowkey called out its crimes and wrongdoings, including “opium peddling,” “child enslaving,” “document burning,” “anti-gay legislating,” and “famine causing.”
Lowkey said the UK Ministry of Defense had to pay out around £20 million to Kenyans who suffered from the “effects of castration at the hands of British forces” after World War II. He lashed out at the UK government for what he said was “unanswerability and unaccountability for the past.”
The rap star, himself a staunch critic of Western expansionism, also invoked former PM David Cameron, who once admitted that the British Museum is full of "looted" artifacts, saying, “if we were to allow one object to leave the British Museum, next thing, you’d turn around and find the entire museum was empty.”
Lowkey also touched upon the 2017 Grenfell Tower fire, in which 72 people were killed. The tragic incident, which he called “a state crime,” wasn’t an exception in British history, as it was “something that has shared lineage with other incidents.”
“There are many ways in which the current political moment and Grenfell actually come together and you can see these overlaps quite clearly.”
https://www.rt.com/uk/491786-lowkey-british-empire-thievery/
- Liberia is one example neo-colonialism gone really wrong (South Vietnam during Ngo Dinh Diem period is another)? Slaves from US were sent back to Liberia who tried to enslave local Liberians using what they learnt from plantations in the the US? This created civil war and mayhem. You need to bribe police to talk to people in jail. Payment can also be used to bust people out of jail? Local warlords include General Bin Laden, General Rambo, General Butt Naked, General Mosquito, General Mosquito Spray, etc... Names chosen for anonimity (for after the internal war) and also to strike fear in the hearts of enemies? The warlords have become community leaders. UN and government aren't helping. West Point is one of the worst slums in Africa and world. No toilets therefore people using beach. Open sewers. Measles, malaria, AIDS, disease in general everywhere. They traded diamonds for cocaine, heroine, guns with Mexican and Columbian Drug cartels off the coast of Liberia. Electronics shops are fronts for drugs. Brothels behind drug shops. 4th poorest in country world, 50% illeterate, 70% women raped, 80% unemployed, many people have eaten human flesh. Warlords were also taking drugs which means they can do unusual things. Liberia can be taken over in 2-3 hours if no UN presence. Warlords were US trained? UN peace keepers engaged in rape and pedophilia of women and children. Then they throw off and beat them. No support, no job, nothing. General Butt Naked has had several assasination attempts. He's been pardoned now and has been converted to Christianity. They used to drink blood or eat heart of innocent children to prepare for war. General Butt Naked fought naked because he thought that no bullet could pierce him. Once naked, he could disappear. He changed after he had a religious epiphany. He knows that once someone has been indoctrinated into a life of violence it's difficult to get them out of it?
The VICE Guide To Liberia
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=svfj0lsqGkJy
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=liberia+vice+guide
The Cannibal Warlords of Liberia (Full Documentary)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRuSS0iiFyo
Popular The Vice Guide to Travel & Liberia videos
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_o9y5m5VkrQsCGHn74KaMPDlb7NZSZyp
Liberia (/laɪˈbɪəriə/ (About this soundlisten)), officially the Republic of Liberia, is a country on the West African coast. It is bordered by Sierra Leone to its northwest, Guinea to its north, Ivory Coast to its east, and the Atlantic Ocean to its south-southwest. It covers an area of 111,369 square kilometres (43,000 sq mi) and has a population of around 4,900,000.[6] English is the official language, but over 20 indigenous languages are spoken, representing the numerous ethnic groups who make up more than 95% of the population. The country's capital and largest city is Monrovia.
Liberia began as a settlement of the American Colonization Society (ACS), who believed black people would face better chances for freedom and prosperity in Africa than in the United States.[7] The country declared its independence on July 26, 1847. The U.S. did not recognize Liberia's independence until February 5, 1862, during the American Civil War. Between January 7, 1822, and the American Civil War, more than 15,000 freed and free-born black people who faced legislated limits in the U.S., and 3,198 Afro-Caribbeans, relocated to the settlement.[8] The settlers carried their culture and tradition with them. The Liberian constitution and flag were modeled after those of the U.S. On January 3, 1848, Joseph Jenkins Roberts, a wealthy, free-born African American from Virginia who settled in Liberia, was elected Liberia's first president after the people proclaimed independence.[8]
Liberia was the first African republic to proclaim its independence, and is Africa's first and oldest modern republic. It retained its independence during the Scramble for Africa. During World War II, Liberia supported the United States war efforts against Germany and in turn, the U.S. invested in considerable infrastructure in Liberia to help its war effort, which also aided the country in modernizing and improving its major air transportation facilities. In addition, President William Tubman encouraged economic changes. Internationally, Liberia was a founding member of the League of Nations, United Nations, and the Organisation of African Unity.
The Americo-Liberian settlers did not relate well to the indigenous peoples they encountered, especially those in communities of the more isolated "bush". The colonial settlements were raided by the Kru and Grebo from their inland chiefdoms. Americo-Liberians developed as a small elite that held on to political power, and indigenous tribesmen were excluded from birthright citizenship in their own land until 1904, in an echo of the United States' treatment of Native Americans.[9] Americo-Liberians promoted religious organizations to set up missions and schools to educate the indigenous peoples.
In 1980 political tensions from the rule of William R. Tolbert resulted in a military coup during which Tolbert was killed, marking the beginning of years-long political instability. Five years of military rule by the People's Redemption Council and five years of civilian rule by the National Democratic Party of Liberia were followed by the First and Second Liberian Civil Wars. These resulted in the deaths of 250,000 people (about 8% of the population) and the displacement of many more, and shrank Liberia's economy by 90%.[10] A peace agreement in 2003 led to democratic elections in 2005, in which Ellen Johnson Sirleaf was elected President, making history as the first female president in the continent. National infrastructure and basic social services were severely affected by the conflicts, with 83% of the population now living below the international poverty line.[11]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Colonization_Society
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Revolutionary_War
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_rebellion
Charles McArthur Ghankay Taylor (born 28 January 1948) is a Liberian former politician and convicted war criminal who served as the 22nd President of Liberia from 2 August 1997 until his resignation on 11 August 2003.[1][2]
Born in Arthington, Montserrado County, Liberia, Taylor earned a degree at Bentley College in the United States before returning to Liberia to work in the government of Samuel Doe. After being removed for embezzlement, he eventually arrived in Libya, where he was trained as a guerrilla fighter. He returned to Liberia in 1989 as the head of a Libyan-backed rebel group, the National Patriotic Front of Liberia, to overthrow the Doe government, initiating the First Liberian Civil War (1989–96). Following Doe's execution, Taylor gained control of a large portion of the country and became one of the most prominent warlords in Africa.[3] Following a peace deal that ended the war, Taylor was elected president in the 1997 general election.[4]
During his term of office, Taylor was accused of war crimes and crimes against humanity as a result of his involvement in the Sierra Leone Civil War (1991–2002). Domestically, opposition to his government grew, culminating in the outbreak of the Second Liberian Civil War (1999–2003). By 2003, Taylor had lost control of much of the countryside and was formally indicted by the Special Court for Sierra Leone. That year, he resigned, as a result of growing international pressure, and went into exile in Nigeria. In 2006, the newly elected President, Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, formally requested his extradition. He was detained by UN authorities in Sierra Leone and then at the Penitentiary Institution Haaglanden in The Hague, awaiting trial by the Special Court.[5] He was found guilty in April 2012 of all eleven charges levied by the Special Court, including terror, murder and rape.[6] In May 2012, Taylor was sentenced to 50 years in prison. Reading the sentencing statement, Presiding Judge Richard Lussick said: "The accused has been found responsible for aiding and abetting as well as planning some of the most heinous and brutal crimes in recorded human history."[7]
...
Early life
Taylor was born in Arthington, a town near the capital of Monrovia, Liberia, on 28 January 1948, to Nelson and Yassa Zoe (Louise) Taylor. He attended The Newman School in his early years. He took the name "Ghankay" later on, possibly to please and gain favor with indigenous Liberians.[8] His mother was a member of the Gola ethnic group, part of the 95% of the people who are indigenous to Liberia. According to most reports, his father was an Americo-Liberian (a member of Liberia's narrow elite, descended from African-American colonists) who worked as a teacher, sharecropper, lawyer and judge.[9]
In 1977, Taylor earned a degree at Bentley University in Waltham, Massachusetts, United States.[10]
Government, imprisonment and escape
Taylor supported the 12 April 1980 coup led by Samuel Doe, which resulted in the murder of President William R. Tolbert Jr. and seizure of power by Doe. Taylor was appointed to the position of Director General of the General Services Agency (GSA), a position that left him in charge of purchasing for the Liberian government. He was sacked in May 1983 for embezzling an estimated $1,000,000 and sending the funds to another bank account.
Taylor fled to the United States but was arrested on 21 May 1984 by two US Deputy Marshals in Somerville, Massachusetts, on a warrant for extradition to face charges of embezzling $1 million of government funds while the GSA boss.[11] Taylor fought extradition with the help of a legal team led by former US Attorney General Ramsey Clark. His lawyers' primary arguments before US District Magistrate Robert J. DeGiacomo stated that his alleged acts of lawbreaking in Liberia were political rather than criminal in nature and that the extradition treaty between the two republics had lapsed. Assistant United States Attorney Richard G. Stearns argued that Liberia wished to charge Taylor with theft in office, rather than with political crimes. Stearns' arguments were reinforced by Liberian Justice Minister Jenkins Scott, who flew to the United States to testify at the proceedings.[12] Taylor was detained in the Plymouth County Correctional Facility.[11]
On 15 September 1985, Taylor and four other inmates escaped from the jail. Two days later, The Boston Globe reported that they sawed through a bar covering a window in a dormitory room, after which they lowered themselves 20 feet (6.1 m) on knotted sheets and escaped into nearby woods by climbing a fence.[11] Shortly thereafter, Taylor and two other escapees were met at nearby Jordan Hospital by Taylor's wife, Enid, and Taylor's sister-in-law, Lucia Holmes Toweh. They drove a getaway car to Staten Island in New York, where Taylor disappeared. All four of Taylor's fellow escapees, as well as Enid and Toweh, were later apprehended.[citation needed]
In July 2009, Taylor claimed at his trial that US CIA agents had helped him escape from the maximum security prison in Boston in 1985. This was during his trial by the UN-backed Special Court for Sierra Leone in The Hague. The US Defense Intelligence Agency confirmed that Taylor first started working with US intelligence in the 1980s but refused to give details of his role or US actions, citing national security.[13][14]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(Liberian_politician)
Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalisation, cultural imperialism, and conditional aid to influence a developing country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control or indirect political control.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocolonialism
During the nineties, most of Liberia was controlled by rival militias. In the bush, they battled for control of diamond fields and gold mines; in Monrovia, they fought gun battles in the streets. Reporting to the militia leaders were dozens of rebel commanders, many of whom adopted outlandish names: Chuck Norris, One-Foot Devil, General Mosquito, and his nemesis, General Mosquito Spray. Blahyi was active for about three years, and, as General Butt Naked, he led several dozen soldiers—the Naked Base Commandos—who fought mostly in Monrovia. Many of the soldiers were children, and, like their commander, they often wore nothing but shoes and magic charms. In a distorted emulation of animist tradition, Blahyi claimed that this made them “immune to bullets.”
https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2016/03/14/general-butt-naked-the-repentant-warlord
Joshua Milton Blahyi (born September 30, 1971), often known by his nom de guerre General Butt Naked, is a former commander of forces under the wider control of Liberian warlord Roosevelt Johnson.[1] Blahyi was known for his violence and atrocities during the First Liberian Civil War in the early 1990s. Once described as "the most evil man in the world", Blahyi said in 2008 that he killed at least 20,000 people and carried out regular human sacrifice and cannibalism of children.[2][3]
Blahyi has stated that he was originally a tribal priest. Since the war he has converted to Christianity and become a preacher. Blahyi travels Liberia preaching peace and love, denouncing his old way of life.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Butt_Naked
Samuel Sam Bockarie, widely known as Mosquito (2 October 1964 – 5 May 2003), was a Sierra Leonean politician and army commander who served as a leader of the Revolutionary United Front (RUF). Bockarie was infamous during the Sierra Leone Civil War for his brutal tactics, which included amputation, mutilation, and rape. He earned the nickname "Mosquito" for his ability to attack when his enemies were off-guard mainly during the night. During his service in the RUF, he befriended future Liberian president Charles Taylor, and RUF commander Foday Sankoh. When Sankoh was imprisoned from March 1997 until April 1999, Bockarie served as commander of the RUF in his place.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Butt_Naked
Hon. Johnson Asiedu Nketiah, popularly known as General Mosquito, is an Ghanaian politician and the General Secretary of the biggest and most successful political party in Ghana, National Democratic Congress (NDC). General Mosquito is the longest serving General Secretary of the NDC and, by extension, any other political party in the history of Ghana[citation needed]. Before his entry into politics, he was a banker and renowned stock broker. He is devoted Christian and a member of the Presbyterian Church of Ghana[1] where he once served as an Elder.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asiedu_Nketia
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/08/neo-colonialism-and-neo-liberalism.html
south vietnam site:cia.gov
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0001166413.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_measures#Supporting_political_movements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngo_Dinh_Diem
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_V%C4%83n_Minh
south vietnam site:cia.gov
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000659643.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/DOC_0001166413.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79R01012A004500040001-9.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00826A001500010021-6.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79-00927A004100030002-4.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78T02095R000800070104-0.pdf
south vietnam penetration site:cia.gov
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79R01012A004500040001-9.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79R01001A001400010005-4.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP79T00472A001800010005-7.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78T02095R000800070104-0.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/kent-csi/vol40no5/pdf/v40i5a10p.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/center-for-the-study-of-intelligence/csi-publications/books-and-monographs/Anthology-CIA-and-the-Wars-in-Southeast-Asia/pdfs/ford-cia-analysts-doubtful-vietnam.pdf
https://www.cia.gov/library/readingroom/docs/CIA-RDP78T02095R000100090003-6.pdf
romans 8:28
Paul's words in his epistle to the Romans are among the most well-known and most quoted in the Bible: “And we know that all things work together for good to those who love God, to those who are the called according to His purpose.” Romans 8:28. ... It's also written, “Rejoice in the Lord always.
- it would make sense that was a strong anti-colonial movement as well? This is sometimes reflected by local pop culture (such as films and music)?
Ip Man 4 Official Trailer (2019) - Donnie Yen , Scott Adkins
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hZwDIzVXKmE
narco funding films
http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/30/vbs.narco.cinema/index.html
Mexploitation (sometimes called Cabrito Western[1] or Mexican video-home)[2] is a film genre of low-budget films that combine elements of an exploitation film and Mexican culture or portrayals of Mexican life within Mexico often dealing with crime, drug trafficking, money and sex.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexploitation
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2020/06/17/627651/UK-Ireland-Elections-Government-Sinn-F%C3%A9in
Decolonization (American English) or decolonisation (British English) is the undoing of colonialism, the latter being the process whereby a nation establishes and maintains its domination on overseas territories. The concept particularly applies to the dismantlement, during the second half of the 20th century, of the colonial empires established prior to World War I throughout the world.[1] Scholars focus especially on the movements in the colonies demanding independence, such as Creole nationalism.[2]
The fundamental right to self-determination is identified by the United Nations as core to decolonization, allowing not only independence, but also other ways of decolonization.[3] The United Nations Special Committee on Decolonization has stated that in the process of decolonization there is no alternative to the colonizer but to allow a process of self-determination.[4] Self-determination continues to be claimed, also within independent states, to demand decolonization, as in the case of Indigenous Peoples.[5]
Decolonization may involve either nonviolent revolution or national liberation wars by pro-independence groups. It may be intranational or involve the intervention of foreign powers acting individually or through international bodies such as the United Nations. Although examples of decolonization can be found as early as the writings of Thucydides, there have been several particularly active periods of decolonization in modern times. These include the breakup of the Spanish Empire in the 19th century; of the German, Austro-Hungarian, Ottoman, and Russian empires following World War I; of the British, French, Dutch, Japanese, Portuguese, Belgian and Italian colonial empires following World War II; and of the Soviet Union (successor to the Russian Empire) at the end of the Cold War in 1991.[6]
Decolonization has been used to refer to the intellectual decolonization from the colonizers' ideas that made the colonized feel inferior.[7][8][9]
Issues of decolonization persist and are raised contemporarily. In Latin America[10] and South Africa[11] such issues are increasingly discussed under the term decoloniality.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decolonization
Imperialism is a policy or ideology of extending a country's rule over foreign nations, often by military force or by gaining political and economic control of other areas.[2] Imperialism has been common throughout recorded history, the earliest examples dating from the mid-third millennium BC. In recent times (since at least the 1870s), it has often been considered morally reprehensible and prohibited by international law. As a result, propagandists operating internationally may use the term to denounce an opponent's foreign policy.[3]
The term can be applied[by whom?] - inter alia - to the colonization of the Americas between the 16th and 19th centuries - as opposed to New Imperialism (the expansion of Western Powers and Japan during the late-19th and early-20th centuries). Well-known examples of imperialism include the American invasion of Vietnam (1950s to 1970s), Nazi occupation of Europe (1939 to 1945), shifting political borders of the USSR (late 1930s to 1991), and Britain's occupation of India (17th to 20th centuries).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperialism
Neocolonialism is the practice of using capitalism, globalisation, cultural imperialism, and conditional aid to influence a developing country instead of the previous colonial methods of direct military control (imperialism) or indirect political control (hegemony).
Neocolonialism differs from standard globalisation and development aid in that it typically results in a relationship of dependence, subservience, or financial obligation towards the neocolonialist nation. This may result in an undue degree of political control [1] or spiraling debt obligations,[2] functionally imitating the relationship of traditional colonialism.
Coined by the French philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in 1956,[3][4] it was first used by Kwame Nkrumah in the context of African countries undergoing decolonisation in the 1960s. Neocolonialism is also discussed in the works of Western thinkers such as Jean-Paul Sartre (Colonialism and Neocolonialism, 1964)[5] and Noam Chomsky (The Washington Connection and Third World Fascism, 1979).[6]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neocolonialism
Colonialism is the policy of a country seeking to extend or retain its authority over other people or territories,[1][need quotation to verify] generally with the aim of economic dominance.[2] In the process of colonisation, colonisers may impose their religion, economics, and other cultural practices on indigenous peoples. The foreign administrators rule the territory in pursuit of their interests, seeking to benefit from the colonised region's people and resources.[3]
Starting in the 15th century, some European states established their own empires during the European colonial period. The Belgian, British, Danish, Dutch, French, Ottoman, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and Swedish empires established colonies across large areas. Japan, the United States and China also followed this path, as did the Germans and the Italians in the late 19th century.
At first, European colonising countries followed policies of mercantilism, aiming to strengthen the home-country economy, so agreements usually restricted the colonies to trading only with the metropole (mother country). By the mid-19th century, however, the British Empire gave up mercantilism and trade restrictions and adopted the principle of free trade, with few restrictions or tariffs. Christian missionaries were active in practically all of the European-controlled colonies because the metropoles were Christian. Historian Philip Hoffman calculated that by 1800, before the Industrial Revolution, Europeans already controlled at least 35% of the globe, and by 1914, they had gained control of 84% of the globe.[4]
In the aftermath of World War II colonial powers were forced to retreat between 1945–1975, when nearly all colonies gained independence, entering into changed colonial, so-called postcolonial and neocolonialist relations. Postcolonialism and neocolonialism has continued or shifted relations and ideologies of colonialism, justifying its continuation with facts such as development and new frontiers, as in exploring outer space for colonization.[5]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonialism#Impact_of_colonialism_and_colonisation
The Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) is a forum of 120 developing world states that are not formally aligned with or against any major power bloc. After the United Nations, it is the largest grouping of states worldwide.[1][4]
Drawing on the principles agreed at the Bandung Conference in 1955, the NAM was established in 1961 in Belgrade, SR Serbia, Yugoslavia through an initiative of the Indian Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru[5], Indonesian President Sukarno, Egyptian President Gamal Abdel Nasser and the Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito. This led to the first Conference of Heads of State or Governments of Non-Aligned Countries.[6] The term non-aligned movement first appears in the fifth conference in 1976, where participating countries are denoted as "members of the movement".
The purpose of the organization was enumerated by Fidel Castro in his Havana Declaration of 1979 as to ensure "the national independence, sovereignty, territorial integrity and security of non-aligned countries" in their "struggle against imperialism, colonialism, neo-colonialism, racism, and all forms of foreign aggression, occupation, domination, interference or hegemony as well as against great power and bloc politics."[7][8] The countries of the Non-Aligned Movement represent nearly two-thirds of the United Nations' members and contain 55% of the world population. Membership is particularly concentrated in countries considered to be developing or part of the Third World, though the Non-Aligned Movement also has a number of developed nations.
Although many of the Non-Aligned Movement's members were actually quite closely aligned with one or another of the superpowers (such as the People's Republic of China, an observer, or the Russian Federation, not participating in the Non-Aligned Movement), the movement still maintained cohesion throughout the Cold War, even despite several conflicts between members which also threatened the movement. In the years since the Cold War's end, it has focused on developing multilateral ties and connections as well as unity among the developing nations of the world, especially those within the Global South.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-Aligned_Movement
anti colonial movement
Anti-imperialism in political science and international relations is a term used in a variety of contexts, usually by nationalist movements who want to secede from a larger polity[citation needed] (usually in the form of an empire, but also in a multi-ethnic sovereign state) or as a specific theory opposed to capitalism in Marxist–Leninist discourse, derived from Vladimir Lenin's work Imperialism, the Highest Stage of Capitalism. A less common usage is by supporters of a non-interventionist foreign policy.
People who categorize themselves as anti-imperialists often state that they are opposed to colonialism, colonial empires, hegemony, imperialism and the territorial expansion of a country beyond its established borders.[1] The phrase gained a wide currency after the Second World War and at the onset of the Cold War as political movements in colonies of European powers promoted national sovereignty. Some anti-imperialist groups who opposed the United States supported the power of the Soviet Union, such as in Guevarism, while in Maoism this was criticized as social imperialism.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-imperialism
https://www.e-ir.info/2019/12/15/decolonising-world-politics-anti-colonial-movements-beyond-the-nation-state/
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/anti-colonial-movements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ugly_American_(pejorative)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Ugly_American_(film)
Victims of the Great Famine of 1876–78
Davis characterizes the Indian famines under the British Raj as "colonial genocide." Some scholars, including Niall Ferguson, have disputed this judgment, while others, including Adam Jones, have affirmed it.[165][166]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide_of_indigenous_peoples
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Cossacks
how did russia get so big
https://www.rbth.com/politics_and_society/2017/01/16/why-is-russia-so-big_682141
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Russia-so-huge
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russia
https://www.quora.com/Why-is-Russia-so-big-but-not-the-strongest-nation
https://voxeu.org/content/why-russia-politically-and-militarily-strong-while-being-economic-dwarf
According to Putin, while Stalin and his entourage deserve reproach for their transgressions, they do at least deserve credit for their “understanding of the nature of external threats.” The Soviet leaders “saw how attempts were made to leave the Soviet Union alone to deal with Germany and its allies... bearing in mind this real threat, they sought to buy precious time needed to strengthen the country's defenses,” he explained.
The President insists this is why Moscow signed the infamous Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact of non-aggression with Nazi Germany in 1939.
Putin also noted that Stalin “did not disgrace himself” by holding personal meetings with Adolf Hitler, in contrast to the leaders of some other European nations, for whom the German Fuhrer was a “reputable politician” and a “welcome guest.”
This is far from the first time Putin has put the boot into his Kremlin predecessor. Back in October 2017, he personally unveiled a monument in central Moscow to Stalin’s victims and was strong in his condemnation. He recalled that under the system of state terror during Stalin’s rule, “any person could face made-up and absolutely absurd charges.”
“Millions of people were branded as enemies of the people, were executed or crippled, underwent torture in prisons and forced deportations,” he acknowledged. “This terrible past cannot be erased from the national memory. And certainly cannot be justified by whatever imaginary greater good of the people.”
Back then, Putin was clear that, unlike some other episodes in Russia’s past that are subject to controversy and heated public discourse, Stalin’s terror is not something that’s up for debate. “It was about the death and suffering of millions. One should only visit… mass graves of the victims, and they are many in Russia, to realize that there is no justification for those crimes,” he said.
“The persecution campaign was a tragedy for our people, our society, a ruthless blow to our culture, roots, and identity. We can feel the consequences now and our duty is not to allow it to be forgotten,” Putin concluded.
https://www.rt.com/russia/492341-putin-stalin-soviet-regime-accusations/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Haiti
ON CONTACT - US Complicity in Honduras
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-HoUSOHhcwc
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Honduras
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Peru
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Singapore
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Thailand
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Malaysia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Brazil
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Peru
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Argentina
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Mexico
- Namibia land of the brave who launched armed struggle against colonisation/corporatism. Tiny population of around 2-3 million.
On Contact - President of Namibia Hage Geingob
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lCpIcTlkj6M
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Namibia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Namibia
- if you didn't already know some countries were born via Colonial intervention. Good example of this are Iraq, Israel, Indochina, etc... Mix of disparate groups that could only really be brought toether via strong arm rule. Sadam Hussein was obviously someone who was able to bring them together. Desert Storm was a reaction to Iraqi invastion of Kuwait. 9/11 was reaction to invade Iraq and several other countries. Bremmar interview is an obvious insight into how things are? They don't know who to target specifically so are engaged in a broad scale, ill defined "War on Terror"? ISIL sprung from Al-Qaeda who freed jailed people and Baathists.
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/981973571621/terror-islamic-state
https://portside.org/2019-03-11/mapping-american-war-terror-now-80-countries-it-couldnt-be-more-global
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Soufan
https://www.soufangroup.com/
https://www.soufangroup.com/about/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_P._O%27Neill
Inside the FBI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPKGh5aFtyc
enhanced interrogation
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhanced_interrogation_techniques
https://www.businessinsider.com/the-13-enhanced-interrogation-techniques-the-cia-used-on-detainees-2014-12
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/ng-interactive/2017/oct/09/cia-torture-black-site-enhanced-interrogation
https://www.timesofisrael.com/idf-shoots-and-kills-palestinian-throwing-rocks-at-vehicles-in-west-bank/
https://www.presstv.com/Detail/2020/03/22/621405/Palestinian-shot-dead-by-Israeli-forces-in-Ramallah
- every time you hear about the need for external intervention or a territorial dispute there is more then  often strategic interests, natural resources, political power, etc... at play
https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/may/03/russian-author-defends-gulag-era-story-as-tv-series-provokes-backlash
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2020/may/03/rockers-and-spies-how-the-cia-used-culture-to-shred-the-iron-curtain
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibet
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tibetan_sovereignty_debate
tibet natural resources
Tibet has huge reserves of copper, lithium, gold and silver. Most of it has never been touched, because the Tibetans didn't mine the land: it's against their religious practices to disturb the ground. But China has begun mining on an enormous scale.
https://www.pri.org/stories/2014-11-24/new-book-documents-china-s-exploitation-tibet-s-natural-resources
The Chinese name for Tibet, Xizang or "western treasure house", makes clear how valuable the volatile, politically sensitive region is to China. In 1999, the Chinese embarked on a secret, seven-year geological survey that found 16 major deposits of copper, iron, lead, zinc and other minerals. Tibet is believed to hold as much as 30m-40m tons of copper, 40m tons of lead and zinc and more than a billion tons of high-grade iron ore.
China's steel-hungry construction and car industries imported 386m tons of iron ore in 2007, an 18 per cent rise on 2006, almost half of the world's total imports of iron. That figure will be drastically reduced if the iron in Tibet can be extracted. In all, the total value of Tibet's minerals is estimated at £64.8bn by the Chinese government.
CCG decided in 2006 that Tibet was too tempting an opportunity, despite the threat of protests from groups opposed to China's treatment of the Tibetans. Established in November 2004, in response to the opening up of China's gold sector to overseas companies in 2003, CCG first focused on developing gold projects, including a mine in Inner Mongolia it hopes to have in production by next March. But for the past year, CCG has been exploring for copper in Nimu, close to Tibet's capital, Lhasa.
Nimu lies on the Gangdese copper belt, which runs from the south-western Chinese province of Yunnan all the way to Afghanistan. CCG is still at the exploration stage, but Chinese companies are already constructing mines along this belt, including Yulong, which will be China's largest copper mine. Later this year, the Vancouver-based Continental Minerals is expected to be granted a licence for the first foreign-owned mine in Tibet.
"There's a lot of copper in that belt. Geologically, it's very similar to the Andean belt in South America and it's only a matter of time before more people start hitting copper," says Malaihollo. Like all foreign mining companies in China, CCG has had to set up a joint venture to operate - CCG works with the Sichuan Bureau of Metallurgy and Geological Exploration.
The fact that foreign companies must work with Chinese partners in Tibet has led Tibetan exile and pressure groups, such as the Free Tibet Campaign, to criticise the way such companies have rushed to take advantage of the opening up of mining.
https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/energy/2793852/China-and-Britain-ready-to-exploit-Tibets-natural-resources.html
Later, the Baluchistan Liberation Army claimed responsibility for the attack.
The group has been waging an insurgency for years, demanding independence for Pakistan's gas-rich south-western Baluchistan province.
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-29/pakistan-gunmen-attack-stock-exchange-six-killed/12404108
https://au.news.yahoo.com/six-people-killed-attack-pakistan-stock-exchange-082245979--spt.html
kurdistan breakaway
The disintegration of Iraq and the associated violence is taking place south of Kurdistan, thus supporting Talabani’s statement that Iraq is violently breaking away from a peaceful Kurdistan. While Iraq is burning, the Kurdish Peshmerga army has effectively secured the city of Kirkuk, which was also abandoned by the Iraqi army.[xi] They have been thus far effectively protecting the city and its surrounding villages from ISIS control. ISIS recognizes that the Peshmerga, or “those who face death” in Kurdish, represent a much more motivated and disciplined force than the Iraqi army and are not to be trifled with.[xii]
Kurdistan is virtually its own country, on its way to attaining financial independence with an already booming economy, growing at approximately 12% a year and a GDP per capita 50% higher than that of Iraq.[xiii] Kurdistan’s ties with neighboring Turkey have grown since the ISIS insurgency.  Kurdistan ships two million barrels of oil through Turkey. [xiv] Turkey now sees Kurdistan as a buffer zone to a disintegrated Iraq, thus providing security in addition to economic benefits. [xv]
The gains the Kurds have made in their autonomous region together with their memory for their long suffering at the hands of successive repressive Iraqi regimes, the people of Iraqi Kurdistan are more determined than ever to protect their region from the onslaught of ISIS that the rest of Iraq is facing.
Momentum seems to be gaining for Kurdistan’s independence. Thus far, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has been the most vocal international supporter of formal Kurdish independence. [xvi] Even Turkey, wary of aspirations of its own Kurdish population, has signaled its support for the Kurds if they choose to officially proceed with independence. Spokesman for Turkey’s ruling Justice and Development Party (AKP) Hussein Celik has recognized that Iraq’s divide is inevitable, and reported that Turkey would support the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) in Irbil.[xvii]
https://www.irreview.org/blog/2018/1/19/the-breakaway-of-kurdistan-from-iraq
south sudan oil reserves
https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/bound-oil-how-petroleum-bringing-sudan-and-south-sudan-closer-together
South Sudan was officially recognized as an independent nation state in July 2011 following a referendum held in January 2011. The South Sudanese voted overwhelmingly in favor of secession, which led to Sudan losing 75% of its oil reserves to South Sudan. Although South Sudan now controls a substantial number of the oil–producing fields, it is dependent on Sudan for transporting oil through its pipelines for processing and export. The transit and processing fees South Sudan must pay to Sudan to transport its crude oil are an important revenue stream for Sudan.[1]
https://www.eia.gov/international/analysis/country/SDN
libya gna vs lna oil
Libya's internationally recognised government has promised to retake the country's east after launching an offensive to capture the strategic city of Sirte from the eastern-based forces of renegade commander Khalifa Haftar.
On Saturday, forces allied with the Government of National Accord (GNA) launched the offensive to seize Sirte, a key gateway to the country's main oil fields in the east, from Haftar's self-styled Libyan National Army (LNA) forces which had taken the city in January.
https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/gna-vows-retake-libya-east-haftar-sirte-offensive-200607163335057.html
east timor natural resources
https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/what-are-the-major-natural-resources-of-timor-leste.html
“The Commission instead opted for the easiest way out, which is a shame as in my perception it reveals a lack of impartiality on your behalf!” – Chief East Timorese negotiator, Xanana Gusmão, Feb 28, 2018
In the scheme of things, Australia has deputised as regional bully for imperial powers since it became an outpost of the British empire. Neighbouring states have been ridiculed, mocked and derided as sub-human and incapable. The term “failed state” is still used in Canberra’s circles of presupposing power over desperate basket cases. Little wonder that China smells a wounded reputation.
It is in that spirit that signing of an agreement between Australia and East Timor to demarcate maritime borders took place. Officially, there were smiles, even a sense of back slapping. The March 7 press release from Foreign Minister Julie Bishop conveys the moment of false elevation:
“The treaty is a historic agreement that opens a new chapter in our bilateral relationship. It establishes permanent maritime boundaries between our countries and provides for the joint development and management of the Great Sunrise gas fields.”
The story behind the rubbing and flesh pressing was more questioning. The countries had, after all, reached this point after allegations of espionage threatened to scupper talks. Those allegations pertained to efforts on the part of the Australian Secret Intelligence Service to spy on East Timorese delegates during negotiations of the 2006 CMATS (Certain Maritime Arrangements in the Timor Sea). Where the division of revenue is concerned – in that case, the Greater Sunrise gas field in the Timor Sea – the spooks will follow.
The central points of historic contention between the states remain traditional: natural resources and how best to harness them. Neither could quite agree on who should have access to oil and gas reserves in the Timor Sea. The political imbroglio had its genesis in the 1989 Timor Gap Treaty signed between Australia and Indonesia when President Suharto’s kleptocracy, not to mention brutal suppression of East Timor, were deemed acceptable matters of realpolitik.
https://intpolicydigest.org/2018/03/08/bullied-relations-australia-east-timor-and-natural-resources/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_East_Timor
kashmir natural resources
https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/kashmirtheforgottenconflict/2011/07/20117812154478992.html
Kashmir has vibrant markets in silk, carpet making, paper mache, cement, forest-based industries, and agro-based industries. It also has a vast supply of valuable rare earth minerals from gold found in Dars, Suru, the Indus Valley, and world renown Kashmirian Sapphires found only in Jammu and Kashmir to bauxite and gypsum which are found in the Uri and Baramulla area of Kashmir. In fact, Kashmir is the number 2 producer of bauxite in the world second only to Australia. So, what is bauxite? Bauxite is the main ore used to produce aluminum which is the preferred metal used to make aircraft because it is very light. Where bauxite is you will most likely find China Clay which is also valuable and has been used for thousands of years to make pottery and sculptures.
According to the Geological Survey of India, they estimated that there were 12 million tonnes of bauxite found in Chhakar (Riasi), near Songarmarg, Salal, Panhasa, Baladanu, Sangarmarg, Sukhwal-gali and Khander in the districts of Rajauri and Udhampur. Bauxite is the most valuable and abundant mineral in Kasmir by far, but it is not the only one it is just the most abundant. These deposits of Bauxite in Kashmir makes India one of the worlds top exporters of bauxite even though the rare aluminum ore is only found in Kashmir
Kashmir has deposits of coal measured at 5 million tonnes and Lignite reserves of over 6 million according to the Geological Survey of India. There is also a source of a lesser known fuel called demb-tsak or peat which can be found in the Kashmir Valley on both sides of the Jhelum River below Srinagar, it is cut and dried and used as manure and fuel.
Iron ores, gold, lead, copper, chromium, zinc, sapphires, rubies, tourmalines, bentonite, China Clay (Kaolinite), borax, gypsum, magnesite, limestone, slates, mineral paints, and sand are mined and exported daily in Kashmir but Kashmiris rarely see any of these profits from India. India is stripping Kashmiris of their land, natural resources and their right to be called Kashmiris. The international community, media, and political powers consciously choose to ignore Kashmiris putting their financial interest ahead of any kind of active measures to find peace in Kashmir and until the people of Kashmir are put before profits the idea of peace cannot be brought to Kashmir.
https://wedacoalition.org/2019/02/04/is-india-occupying-kashmir-for-its-natural-resources/
https://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/essay/spatial-distribution-of-minerals-in-jammu-and-kashmir/41433
http://risingkashmir.com/news/kashmir-is-rich-in-natural-resources-345893.html
- the terrorism issue is overhang from former religious and military conflicts. It's now well known but it is said one of the main reasons for the 9/11 attacks was due to US military base presence in Saudi Arabia (considered Holy Land by religious people). By default, this makes anyone a target if they decide to try and invade or develop a presence in the Middle East?
Can Israelis and Palestinians See Eye to Eye _ Creators for Change
Coronavirus - Is it too late to stop it _ UpFront
Trump and religion - 'A battle of heresy versus Christian truth' _ UpFront (Special Interview)
Al Qaeda 'bigger and more dangerous than ever' warns former FBI special agent _ ITV News
Anderson Cooper Interviews Ali Soufan on EITS and Torture
How Do Terrorists Become Radicalized (CIA Expert)
Inside the FBI
Scott Atran - Reacting to Terror
Scott Atran - The Youth Need Values and Dreams
UpFront - The Arena - What drives Westerners to fight for ISIL
What the U.S. Can Do About Terrorism featuring Marc Sageman & Martha Crenshaw - V2
What the U.S. Can Do About Terrorism featuring Marc Sageman & Martha Crenshaw - V3
What the U.S. Can Do About Terrorism featuring Marc Sageman & Martha Crenshaw
Psychopathy is traditionally a personality disorder characterized by persistent antisocial behavior, impaired empathy and remorse, and bold, disinhibited, and egotistical traits. It is sometimes considered synonymous with sociopathy.
- it's always bugged me why some countries have bases overseas (primary reasons are to project power, a quid pro quo security pact, others are poorly resourced so basically freeload off of countries who maintains/upgrades their local base, some are used to supress/opress local oposition against foreign intervention, etc...). Overwhelming theme is that bases are there to maintain control? Belief in Western superiority present in French military and current US military? Japanese, French, US co-operated to try and take control of Vietnam. South Vietnam was more bombed then North Vietnam. Primary aim of US was to stop North Vietnam and South Vietnam from linking up with one another? Despite barbaric nature of the war the US couldn't win? Internal mutiny and global peace movement created big problems. Use of chemical weapons left impact on multiple genreations of Vietnamese people. Vietnamese victory inspired Latin Americans, Africans, etc... Pol Pot was created by the US and China by US bombing of Cambodia which was an attempt by US to cut off supply routes to Viet Cong. Imperial policies don't change over time. US policy has been the same for decades but now human rights are being mentioned? Civilisational and values superiority used as a means to prepare people for conflict?
The World Today - VIETNAM - 40 YEARS AGO TODAY
A Soldier’s Tale of bravery and morality
ON CONTACT - Afghanistan papers with Spenser Rapone
On Contact - high rates of Combat Veterans Suicides
The establishment of military bases abroad enables a country to project power, e.g. to conduct expeditionary warfare, and thereby influence events abroad. Depending on their size and infrastructure, they can be used as staging areas or for logistical, communications and intelligence support. Many conflicts throughout modern history have resulted in overseas military bases being established in large numbers by world powers and the existence of bases abroad has served countries having them in achieving political and military goals. The British Empire and other colonial powers established overseas military bases in many of their colonies during the First and Second World Wars, where useful, and actively sought rights to facilities where needed for strategic reasons. At one time, establishing coaling stations for naval ships was important. During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union established military bases where they could within their respective spheres of influence, and actively sought influence where needed. More recently, the War on Terror has resulted in overseas military bases being established in the Middle East.
Whilst the overall number of overseas military bases has fallen since 1945, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States still possess or utilize a substantial number. Smaller numbers of overseas military bases are operated by Australia, China, India, Italy, and Turkey.
The United States is the largest operator of military bases abroad, with 38 "named bases"[note 1] having active duty, national guard, reserve or civilian personnel as of September 30, 2014. Its largest, in terms of personnel, was Ramstein AB in Germany, with almost 9,200 personnel.[1][note 2]
- the militirisation of society is really interesting because it tells you about the mind of those at the top. They have a belief that humans are inherently animalistic. That those who can play game of outright, covert, hybrid warfare, etc... are best suited for society and act in it's best interests. It's obviously a dangerous game to play and part of me thinks that part of the reason why the world is so messed up is because humans believe that it can't believe beyond this particular point in history. That this is the zenith/pinnacle that humanity can achieve? That those who genuinely desire to plot their way through life as cleanly as possible aren't capable of doing so? They don't realise that it would antogonise those who are genuinely religious? To close things out you need to disprove the very basis of religion or else not use religion as a cover for other activities? Infidel seems to be an religious translation of asshole? It's sort of lost it's meaning over history and now is most commonly associated with religious extremists and fundamentalists?
On Contact - British government psyops with Mohamed Elmaazi
Bad Banks - Topic
Episodes
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/01/capitalism-analysis-religion-23-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/things-spies-have-stolen-random-stuff.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/cybersecurity-attack-background.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-occupy-movement-veterans-for-peace.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/shale-oil-some-us-intelligencedefense.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/us-drone-warfare-program-financial.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/some-counter-terrorism-defense.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/11/middle-easternafricanasian-background.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/04/hybrid-warfare-more-psyops-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/03/psychological-warfaremind-control-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/us-drone-warfare-program-financial.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/11/china-background-economic-warfare-and.html
Satan,[a] also known as the Devil,[b] is an entity in the Abrahamic religions that seduces humans into sin or falsehood. In Christianity and Islam, he is usually seen as either a fallen angel or a genie, who used to possess great piety and beauty, but rebelled against God, who nevertheless allows him temporary power over the fallen world and a host of demons. In Judaism, Satan is typically regarded as a metaphor for the yetzer hara, or "evil inclination", or as an agent subservient to God.
A figure known as "the satan" first appears in the Tanakh as a heavenly prosecutor, a member of the sons of God subordinate to Yahweh, who prosecutes the nation of Judah in the heavenly court and tests the loyalty of Yahweh's followers by forcing them to suffer. During the intertestamental period, possibly due to influence from the Zoroastrian figure of Angra Mainyu, the satan developed into a malevolent entity with abhorrent qualities in dualistic opposition to God. In the apocryphal Book of Jubilees, Yahweh grants the satan (referred to as Mastema) authority over a group of fallen angels, or their offspring, to tempt humans to sin and punish them. In the Synoptic Gospels, Satan tempts Jesus in the desert and is identified as the cause of illness and temptation. In the Book of Revelation, Satan appears as a Great Red Dragon, who is defeated by Michael the Archangel and cast down from Heaven. He is later bound for one thousand years, but is briefly set free before being ultimately defeated and cast into the Lake of Fire.
In Christianity, Satan is also known as the Devil and, although the Book of Genesis does not mention him, he is often identified as the serpent in the Garden of Eden. In the Middle Ages, Satan played a minimal role in Christian theology and was used as a comic relief figure in mystery plays. During the early modern period, Satan's significance greatly increased as beliefs such as demonic possession and witchcraft became more prevalent. During the Age of Enlightenment, belief in the existence of Satan became harshly criticized. Nonetheless, belief in Satan has persisted, particularly in the Americas. In the Quran, Shaitan, also known as Iblis, is an entity made of fire who was cast out of Heaven because he refused to bow before the newly-created Adam and incites humans to sin by infecting their minds with waswās ("evil suggestions"). Although Satan is generally viewed as evil, some groups have very different beliefs.
In Theistic Satanism, Satan is considered a deity who is either worshipped or revered. In LaVeyan Satanism, Satan is a symbol of virtuous characteristics and liberty. Satan's appearance is never described in the Bible, but, since the ninth century, he has often been shown in Christian art with horns, cloven hooves, unusually hairy legs, and a tail, often naked and holding a pitchfork. These are an amalgam of traits derived from various pagan deities, including Pan, Poseidon, and Bes. Satan appears frequently in Christian literature, most notably in Dante Alighieri's Inferno, variants of the Faust legend, John Milton's Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained, and the poems of William Blake. He continues to appear in film, television, and music.
Infidel (literally "unfaithful") is a term used in certain religions for those accused of unbelief in the central tenets of their own religion, for members of another religion, or for the irreligious.[1][2]
Infidel is an ecclesiastical term in Christianity around which the Church developed a body of theology that deals with the concept of infidelity, which makes a clear differentiation between those who were baptized and followed the teachings of the Church versus those who are outside the faith.[3] The term infidel was used by Christians to describe those perceived as the enemies of Christianity.
After the ancient world the concept of otherness, an exclusionary notion of the outside by societies with more or less coherent cultural boundaries, became associated with the development of the monotheistic and prophetic religions of Judaism, Christianity and Islam (cf. pagan).[3]
In modern literature, the term infidel includes in its scope atheists,[4][5][6] polytheists,[7] animists,[8] heathens and pagans.[9]
A willingness to identify other religious people as infidels corresponds to preference for orthodoxy over pluralism.[10]
red cape to a bull
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/981973571621/terror-islamic-state
satan sightings
https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/magazine/2018/09-10/history-devil-medieval-art-middle-ages/
https://www.express.co.uk/news/weird/1068454/bible-shock-satan-prophecy-devil-roams-earth-spt
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=body+of+lies+final+scene
Body of Lies - Hani Salaam - First visitor
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RMhK37Ur5WA
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=body+of+lies+hani+salaam+final+scene
Body of Lies (10_10) Movie CLIP - Fight the Infidels (2008) HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=paCyf1IAKug
infidel ontology
noun
Religion.
a person who does not accept a particular faith, especially Christianity.
(in Christian use) an unbeliever, especially a Muslim.
(in Muslim use) a person who does not accept the Islamic faith; kafir(def 2).
a person who has no religious faith; unbeliever.
(loosely) a person who disbelieves or doubts a particular theory, belief, creed, etc.; skeptic.
SEE LESS
adjective
not accepting a particular faith, especially Christianity or Islam; heathen.
without religious faith.
due to or manifesting unbelief:
infidel ideas.
rejecting the Christian religion while accepting no other; not believing in the Bible or any Christian divine revelation.
Also in·fi·del·ic  [in-fi-del-ik] . of, relating to, or characteristic of unbelievers or infidels.
https://www.dictionary.com/browse/infidel
- just like Pakistan there was a crucial incident of setting things off (destruction of a Mosque or assasination/death/martyrdom of key person). The matyrdom theory is based on the fact that others are using them and an external entity will step in?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/972226627575/terror-boko-haram
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boko_Haram
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Qaeda
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_State_of_Iraq_and_the_Levant
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al-Shabaab_(militant_group)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tehrik-i-Taliban_Pakistan
The Nature of ISIS with Mohammad-Mahmoud Ould Mohamedou
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sym3fkPAVho
- drones highly inaccurate. 98% non high level targets, most civilians and low level. Drones revilled by Pakistani people. TTP blend in with people much like in Al-Shabaab
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/966612547991/terror-tehrik-i-taliban-pakistan
pakistan list terrorism attacks
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorism_in_Pakistan
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_terrorist_incidents
- similar theme in Afghanistan/Taliban and Somalia/Al-Shabaab. Both groups stabilised the groups in question. Sharia Law is used to stabilise chaotic zones in countries that are familiar with Islamic Law?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Laws_of_Noah
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon_law
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_law_(legal_system)
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/961484355747/terror-al-shabaab
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/956403779747/terror-yemen-aqap-locked
- ironic that superior ideas are used by both the Western and Al-Shabaab for their desire and reason to rule?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/961484355747/terror-al-shabaab
- the US/West resorted to a general "War on Terror" (that borders on a de-facto religious war) because they didn't know what to do in the aftermath of 9/11?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1352966723600/a-world-in-disarray
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=a+world+in+disarray+vice
VICE Special Report: A World in Disarray
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xAqkfbGJhhI
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=vice+terror+playlist
The Best VICE War Documentaries
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLw613M86o5o6xGdsGvsB-R8-eInmFDtsf
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/terror
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/956403779747/terror-yemen-aqap-locked
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/961484355747/terror-al-shabaab
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/966612547991/terror-tehrik-i-taliban-pakistan
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/972226627575/terror-boko-haram
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/981973571621/terror-islamic-state
Men never do evil so completely and cheerfully as when they do it from religious conviction. Blaise Pascal.
https://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/blaise_pascal_133606
https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/28330-men-never-do-evil-so-completely-and-cheerfully-as-when
From Sachs to Kristof to Invisible Children to TED, the fastest growth industry in the US is the White Savior Industrial Complex. The white savior supports brutal policies in the morning, founds charities in the afternoon, and receives awards in the evening. The banality of evil transmutes into the banality of sentimentality. The world is nothing but a problem to be solved by enthusiasm. This world exists simply to satisfy the needs--including, importantly, the sentimental needs--of white people and Oprah. The White Savior Industrial Complex is not about justice. It is about having a big emotional experience that validates privilege. Feverish worry over that awful African warlord. But close to 1.5 million Iraqis died from an American war of choice. Worry about that. I deeply respect American sentimentality, the way one respects a wounded hippo. You must keep an eye on it, for you know it is deadly.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_savior
- bigotry seems to stem from the 1500s or 1600s from Europe?
origin bigotry
A bigot is a person who is intolerant of opinions, lifestyles, or identities that are different from his or her own. Mostly, the person's opinions are based on prejudice.
The origin of the word bigot in English dates back to at least 1598, via French. It started with the sense of "religious hypocrite", especially a woman.
The word bigot is often used as a pejorative term against a person who is obstinately devoted to negative prejudices, even when those prejudices are proven to be false.
Forms of bigotry may have a related ideology.
- the origin of hating sick and disabled people goes back thousands of years. I can't get a lock on the origin yet?
origin disabled hate
Ableism (/ˈeɪbəlɪzəm/; also known as ablism,[1] disablism (Brit. English), anapirophobia, anapirism, and disability discrimination) is discrimination and social prejudice against people with disabilities or who are perceived to have disabilities. Ableism characterizes persons as defined by their disabilities and as inferior to the non-disabled.[2] On this basis, people are assigned or denied certain perceived abilities, skills, or character orientations.
There are stereotypes, generally inaccurate, associated with either disability in general, or with specific disabilities (for instance a presumption that all disabled people want to be cured, that wheelchair users necessarily have an intellectual disability, or that blind people have some special form of insight).[3] These stereotypes in turn serve as a justification for ableist practices and reinforce discriminatory attitudes and behaviors toward people who are disabled.[4] Labeling affects people when it limits their options for action or changes their identity.[5]
In ableist societies, people with disabilities are viewed as less valuable, or even less than human. The eugenics movement of the early 20th century would be considered an example of widespread ableism. The mass murder of disabled people in Nazi Germany's Aktion T4 would be an extreme example of ableism.
Ableism can also be better understood by reading literature published by those who experience disability and ableism first-hand. Disability Studies is an academic discipline that is also beneficial to explore to gain a better understanding of ableism.
origin sick people hate
jesus leper story
Biblical narrative
According to the Gospel of Matthew, when Jesus Christ came down from the mountainside after the Sermon on the Mount, large multitudes followed him. A man full of leprosy came and knelt before Him and inquired him saying, "Lord, if you are willing, you can make me clean?" Multiple people who were lepers followed this man to get cured. Mark and Luke don't connect the verse to the Sermon.
Jesus Christ reached out his hand and touched the man. "I am willing," he said. "Be clean!" Instantly he was cured of his leprosy. Then Jesus said to him, "See that you don't tell anyone. But go, show yourself to the priest and offer the gift Moses commanded, as a testimony to them."
In Mark and Luke instead he went out and began to talk freely, spreading the news. As a result, Jesus could no longer enter a town openly but stayed outside in lonely places. Yet the people still came to Him from everywhere.
- humans have come up with all sorts of methods of hating one another. If you think of it, it's likely that someone else has a movement towards it? Ageism is sounds bizarre but exists?
origin ageism
Ageism, also spelled agism, is stereotyping and/or discrimination against individuals or groups on the basis of their age. This may be casual or systematic.[1][2] The term was coined in 1969 by Robert Neil Butler to describe discrimination against seniors, and patterned on sexism and racism.[3] Butler defined "ageism" as a combination of three connected elements. Among them were prejudicial attitudes towards older people, old age, and the aging process; discriminatory practices against older people; and institutional practices and policies that perpetuate stereotypes about elderly people.[4]
While the term is also used in regards to prejudice and discrimination against adolescents and children, such as denying them certain rights (e.g. voting),[5] ignoring their ideas because they are considered "too young", or assuming that they should behave in certain ways because of their age,[6] the term is predominantly used in relation to the treatment of older people. Older people themselves can be deeply ageist, having internalized a lifetime of negative stereotypes about aging.[7] Fear of death and fear of disability and dependence are major causes of ageism; avoiding, segregating, and rejecting older people are coping mechanisms that allow people to avoid thinking about their own mortality.[8]
- hatred of based on species type is actually another type as well?
Muppets - Bohemian Rhapsody
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7aNhlDekJW4
Muppets - Kermit - Its not easy being green (original)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rRZ-IxZ46ng
Stand By Me _ Muppet Music Video _ The Muppets
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zCRUPWDIgYM
Muppets 'I've Got You Under My Skin'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HkDshJNIdSM
origin hatred of animals
Speciesism (/ˈspiːʃiːˌzɪzəm, -siːˌzɪz-/) or specism denotes discrimination based on species membership.[1][2] Such discrimination involves treating members of one species as morally more important than members of other species.[3][4]
Philosophers such as Peter Singer argue that speciesism plays a role in the practice of factory farming, the use of animals for entertainment such as in bullfighting and rodeos, the taking of animals' fur and skin, experimentation on animals,[5] and the refusal to aid wild animals that suffer due to natural processes.[6][7] Singer explains that it is not speciesist if there is another reason for giving greater consideration to a member of one species over another, such as if the individual has certain traits such as consciousness.[2]
Some possible examples of speciesism include:
Considering humans superior to other animals, granting only humans rights.[8]
Considering certain animals to be superior to others because of a similarity, familiarity, or usefulness to humans. For example, favoring rights for chimpanzees over rights for dolphins, because of similarities chimpanzees have to humans that dolphins do not.[9]
Deliberately harming or refusing aid to animals in the wild classified as belonging to a certain species, in the name of preserving species, populations, biodiversity or ecosystems.[10][11]
Philosophers continue to debate the ethics, morality and concept of speciesism.[12][13]
...
Origin of the term
Further information: Animals, Men and Morals and Oxford Group (animal rights)
The term speciesism, and the argument that it is simply a prejudice, first appeared in 1970 in a privately printed pamphlet written by British psychologist Richard D. Ryder. Ryder was a member of a group of academics in Oxford, England, the nascent animal rights community, now known as the Oxford Group. One of the group's activities was distributing pamphlets about areas of concern; the pamphlet titled "Speciesism" was written to protest against animal experimentation.[14]
Ryder stated in the pamphlet that "[s]ince Darwin, scientists have agreed that there is no 'magical' essential difference between humans and other animals, biologically-speaking. Why then do we make an almost total distinction morally? If all organisms are on one physical continuum, then we should also be on the same moral continuum." He wrote that, at that time in the UK, 5,000,000 animals were being used each year in experiments, and that attempting to gain benefits for our own species through the mistreatment of others was "just 'speciesism' and as such it is a selfish emotional argument rather than a reasoned one".[15] Ryder used the term again in an essay, "Experiments on Animals", in Animals, Men and Morals (1971), a collection of essays on animal rights edited by philosophy graduate students Stanley and Roslind Godlovitch and John Harris, who were also members of the Oxford Group. Ryder wrote:
In as much as both "race" and "species" are vague terms used in the classification of living creatures according, largely, to physical appearance, an analogy can be made between them. Discrimination on grounds of race, although most universally condoned two centuries ago, is now widely condemned. Similarly, it may come to pass that enlightened minds may one day abhor "speciesism" as much as they now detest "racism." The illogicality in both forms of prejudice is of an identical sort. If it is accepted as morally wrong to deliberately inflict suffering upon innocent human creatures, then it is only logical to also regard it as wrong to inflict suffering on innocent individuals of other species. ... The time has come to act upon this logic.[16]
- documented history hatred of women dates back to around 650-750BC and around the 19th century for women against men? Guessing the latter is due to lesser rights of women until relatively late in history though?
Misogyny means hating women. It is a type of misanthropy but against females. A misogynist is a person who hates women. Misogynists hate women because they believe there is something wrong with them, such as being stupid, dirty or evil. The opposite of being misogynistic is being reverse sexist or misandristic.[1]
There are some communities that have been described as misogynist such as the manosphere.[2]
Misandry means hating men. It is a type of misanthropy but against males. A misandrist is a person who hates men or boys. They may hate men because they believe there is something wrong with them, such as being stupid, dirty or evil.[1]
Misandry is different from sexism, which is not based on hate. Radical feminists are sometimes viewed as misandric. Misandry includes violence or discrimination against men. Some misandrists are prejudiced against men. For example they may think that all men or boys are potential rapists.[2]
history misogyny
Misogyny (/mɪˈsɒdʒɪni/) is the hatred of, contempt for, or prejudice against women or girls. Misogyny manifests in numerous ways, including social exclusion, sex discrimination, hostility, androcentrism, patriarchy, male privilege, belittling of women, disenfranchisement of women, violence against women, and sexual objectification.[1][2] Misogyny can be found within sacred texts of religions, mythologies, and Western philosophy[1][3] and Eastern philosophy.
In his book City of Sokrates: An Introduction to Classical Athens, J.W. Roberts argues that older than tragedy and comedy was a misogynistic tradition in Greek literature, reaching back at least as far as Hesiod.[14] The term misogyny itself comes directly into English from the Ancient Greek word misogunia (μισογυνία), which survives in several passages.
The earlier, longer, and more complete passage comes from a moral tract known as On Marriage (c. 150 BC) by the stoic philosopher Antipater of Tarsus.[15][16] Antipater argues that marriage is the foundation of the state, and considers it to be based on divine (polytheistic) decree. He uses misogunia to describe the sort of writing the tragedian Euripides eschews, stating that he "reject[s] the hatred of women in his writing" (ἀποθέμενος τὴν ἐν τῷ γράφειν μισογυνίαν). He then offers an example of this, quoting from a lost play of Euripides in which the merits of a dutiful wife are praised.[16][17]
The other surviving use of the original Greek word is by Chrysippus, in a fragment from On affections, quoted by Galen in Hippocrates on Affections.[18] Here, misogyny is the first in a short list of three "disaffections"—women (misogunia), wine (misoinia, μισοινία) and humanity (misanthrōpia, μισανθρωπία). Chrysippus' point is more abstract than Antipater's, and Galen quotes the passage as an example of an opinion contrary to his own. What is clear, however, is that he groups hatred of women with hatred of humanity generally, and even hatred of wine. "It was the prevailing medical opinion of his day that wine strengthens body and soul alike."[19] So Chrysippus, like his fellow stoic Antipater, views misogyny negatively, as a disease; a dislike of something that is good. It is this issue of conflicted or alternating emotions that was philosophically contentious to the ancient writers. Ricardo Salles suggests that the general stoic view was that "[a] man may not only alternate between philogyny and misogyny, philanthropy and misanthropy, but be prompted to each by the other."[20]
Etymology
Misandry is formed from the Greek misos (μῖσος, "hatred") and anēr, andros (ἀνήρ, gen. ἀνδρός; "man").[4] Use of the word can be found as far back as the 19th century, including an 1871 use in The Spectator magazine.[5][6] It appeared in Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (11th ed.) in 1952. Translation of the French "misandrie" to the German "Männerhass" (Hatred of Men)[7] is recorded in 1803.[8] "Misandrous" or "misandrist" can be used as adjectival forms of the word.[9]
A term with a similar but distinct meaning is androphobia, which constitutes fear of men.[10] Writer Helen Pluckrose has argued that androphobia is the more propitious term in instances where aversion to men stems from a sense of fear.[11]
- pornography been around for thousands of years...
origin pornography
Oldest Pornographic Statue (Circa 7200 BCE)
Pompeii's Sexually Explicit Frescoes (AD 79)
Pornographic Art at Khajuraho (Circa 950 AD)
The Catholic Church Bans Sexually Graphic Books (1557)
"Memoirs of a Woman of Pleasure" (1748)
"Medical Lexicon: A Dictionary of Medical Science" (1857)
"Olympia" (1865)
New York Society for the Suppression of Vice (1873)
"Coucher de la Mariée" (1899)
"L'Ecu d'Or ou la Bonne Auberge" (1908)
Denmark Legalizes Pornography (1969)
Miller v. California (1973)
...
Pornography Is (Almost) as Old as Time
Pornography is a mainstay in society, having existed as early as the prehistoric era. Although the genre has a number of critics, from religious groups to some feminists, pornography has persisted. Even the U.S. Supreme Court has been forced to define what it is and carve out a place for it in the law. Pornography may be controversial, and some would argue offensive, but it is an ongoing facet of society.
As urgent as the situation seemed to the senators, however, such concerns over pornography and emerging technology were far from new. John Tierney, a fellow at Columbia University who studied the cultural impact of technology, traced what he called the “erotic technological impulse” back at least 27,000 years—among the first clay-fired figures uncovered from that time were women with large breasts and behinds. “Sometimes the erotic has been a force driving technological innovation,” Tierney wrote in The New York Times in 1994, “virtually always, from Stone Age sculpture to computer bulletin boards, it has been one of the first uses for a new medium.”
Such depictions emerged, predictably, with every new technological advent. With cave art, there came sketches of reclining female nudes on walls of the La Magdelaine caves from 15,000 BC. When Sumerians discovered how to write cuneiform on clay tablets, they filled them with sonnets to vulvas. Among the early books printed on a Gutenberg press was a 16th-century collection of sex positions based on the sonnets of the man considered the first pornographer, Aretino—a book banned by the pope. Each new medium followed a similar pattern of innovation, porn, and outrage. One of the first films shown commercially was The Kiss in 1900, distributed by Thomas Edison, which depicted 18 seconds of a couple nuzzling.
- this is unconfortably common. Basically, countries have been turning prison labour into cheap labour? This feels like a continuation of slavery and has also obviously been around for thousands of years?
prison labour
Penal labour is a generic term for various kinds of unfree labour[1] which prisoners are required to perform, typically manual labour. The work may be light or hard, depending on the context.[2] Forms of sentence involving penal labour have included involuntary servitude, penal servitude and imprisonment with hard labour. The term may refer to several related scenarios: labour as a form of punishment, the prison system used as a means to secure labour, and labour as providing occupation for convicts. These scenarios can be applied to those imprisoned for political, religious, war, or other reasons as well as to criminal convicts.
Large-scale implementations of penal labour include labour camps, prison farms, penal colonies, penal military units, penal transportation, or aboard prison ships.
prison demographics
why is the us incarceration rate so high
How did there come to be so many prisoners in the United States?
There are a number of reasons, from a lack of investment in schools and economic opportunity, to draconian drug laws and bail policies that criminalize poverty, to inadequate reentry services and employment discrimination against people who have been incarcerated, just to name a few.
are prisons profitable united states
Before founding the Corrections Corporation of America, a $1.8 billion private prison corporation now known as CoreCivic, Terrell Don Hutto ran a cotton plantation the size of Manhattan. There, mostly black convicts were forced to pick cotton from dawn to dusk for no pay. It was 1967 and the Beatles’ “All you need is love” was a hit, but the men in the fields sang songs with lyrics like “Old Master don’t you whip me, I’ll give you half a dollar.” Hutto’s family lived on the plantation and even had a “house boy,” an unpaid convict who served them.
At the time, most prisons in the South were plantations. In some states, certain inmates were given guns and even whips, and empowered to torture those who didn’t meet labor quotas. Hutto did such a good job in Texas that Arkansas would hire him to run their entire prison system–made entirely of plantations–which he would run at a profit to the state. His ability to run a prison that put money into state coffers would later attract the attention of two businessmen with a new idea: to found a corporation that would run prisons and sell shares on the stock market.
Prisons had been privatized before. Louisiana first privatized its penitentiary in 1844, just nine years after it opened. The company, McHatton, Pratt, and Ward ran it as a factory, using inmates to produce cheap clothes for enslaved people. One prisoner wrote in his memoir that, as soon as the prison was privatized, his jailers “laid aside all objects of reformation and re-instated the most cruel tyranny, to eke out the dollar and cents of human misery.” Much like CoreCivic’s shareholder reports today, Louisiana’s annual penitentiary reports from the time give no information about prison violence, rehabilitation efforts, or anything about security. Instead, they deal almost exclusively with the profitability of the prison.
Like private prisons today, profit rather than rehabilitation was the guiding principle of early penitentiaries throughout the South. “If a profit of several thousand dollars can be made on the labor of twenty slaves,” posited the Telegraph and Texas Register in the mid-19th century, “why may not a similar profit be made on the labor of twenty convicts?” The head of a Texas jail suggested the state open a penitentiary as an instrument of Southern industrialization, allowing the state to push against the “over-grown monopolies” of the North. Five years after Texas opened its first penitentiary, it was the state’s largest factory. It quickly became the main Southern supplier of textiles west of the Mississippi.
private prisons globally
In 2013, countries that were currently using private prisons or in the process of implementing such plans included Brazil, Chile, Greece, Jamaica, Japan, Mexico, Peru, South Africa and Thailand." However, at the time, the sector was still dominated by the United States, United Kingdom, Australia and New Zealand.[1]
crime by country
- there are specific anti-individual movements. Amongst these people are Bill Gates, George Soros, etc...
Meet Bill Gates
 Bill Gates’ omnipresence in the media during the Covid-19 pandemic has turned into a mass obsession with many, and conspiracy theorists got #ExposeBillGates trending on Twitter on a planned “day of action.”
The coronavirus pandemic created a number of speculations around the Microsoft Founder over his support of extended lockdown measures, his large contributions to the World Health Organization, and past comments on vaccines.  
“The public is finally waking up. I’ve never liked this guy and if you really listen to him talk and watch his interviews you’ll know he DOESN’T have our best interest in mind,” author Peter Vooogd tweeted on Saturday. It was one of the many tweets linked to the #ExposeBillGates hashtag, which itself stemmed from a planned “day of action” — announced by author Derrick Broze last month — to expose the billionaire. 
...
Other tweets included a video blasting Gates for his outspokenness on Covid-19 despite not being an elected official, as well as his support of extending lockdown measures across the world. Accusations of “population control” were also doled out based on Gates’ work providing vaccines to poorer countries through his foundation.
- homelessness is obviously a frustrating problem. In reality, we don't really look out for them enough and the issue of drugs, alchohol, bludging, homlessness, criminality, etc... go together (if you look at things more deeply). Seeing patterns in homelessness across many countries. You see naievity and sneakiness in decision making of some people participating in these experiments (wealthy people living homless by the choices that they make. Ideally, you would try to get food that is filling rather then tasty but have little nutritional value. Wealthy often have low aversion to pain so they use their sneakiness to get around the issue and don't really fully embrace the experiment. The reason why people seem to go off of a cliff is how the body works. If they can't find happiness in real life they end up in a depressed stupor, sometimes suicidal, and seek a synthetic option such as drugs or alchohol? Due to the addictive nature of drugs and alchohol they end up stuck on it? If they can't afford drugs and alchohol (let alone food) they go down the crime route so they end up stuck at that particular tier and find it difficult to move off/away from it? People underestimate how difficult it is to deal with some of these people. Even if you've never lived on the streets it's possible that you've been threatened by one of them or have had cunning homeless people try take advantage of you or the system. Unfortunately, that's the reason for Cashless Welfare Cards, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashless_Welfare_Card While the West brought some good things to Australia it also brought a lot of trouble including disease, death, alcohol, gambling, and many vices to Aboriginals. It's obvious that the elite chose to try to get people off of the streets via particular laws
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/is-society-filtering-for-fairnessmerit.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/09/thinking-like-political-elite-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/01/capitalism-analysis-religion-23-and-more.html
The Cashless Welfare Card is a debit card, trialled by the Australian Government, which quarantines income for people on certain income support payments by not allowing the owner to purchase alcohol, gamble or withdraw cash.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cashless_Welfare_Card
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=homeless
Homeless Vietnam veteran in NYC uses his military training to survive homelessness.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=smlxozQp888
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=yes+men
https://www.youtube.com/user/yeslabmedia/videos
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=yes+men+homeless
begging law by country
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Begging
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Busking
busking laws by country
https://busk.co/blog/busking-tips-tricks/busking-licenses-worldwide/
https://buskingtheworldblog.wordpress.com/2017/01/02/busking-permits/
What Happens When Cities Make Homelessness a Crime - Hiding The Homeless
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nYFeY2pS0ks
Skye Leckie On Her Filthy Rich and Homeless Experience - Tonightly With Tom Ballard
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EHcrwy1CSt0
Ed Stafford 60 Days on the streets - Episode 01
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YG6rbGJZNb0
Ed Stafford 60 Days on the streets - Episode 02_03
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9x0qwgNV6fU
Ed Stafford 60 Days on the streets -  Episode 03_03
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EnzYQ_Ajtrw
occupy movement homeless
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/cifamerica/2011/oct/24/occupy-wall-street-homelessness-us
https://www.motherjones.com/politics/2011/10/homelessness-occupy-wall-street/
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2012/feb/07/occupy-homeless-marginalised
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Occupy_movement
filthy rich and homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/guide/article/2020/05/07/five-high-profile-australians-swap-privilege-life-streets-filthy-rich-homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/programs/filthy-rich-and-homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/filthy-rich-and-homeless
ed stafford soldier
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Stafford
https://www.vice.com/en_uk/article/8x55np/ed-stafford-can-survive-anything
"I was adopted and there is a theory that if a baby is separated from its mother it has a massive trauma in its life right at the beginning, as its forming its psyche and I think it's that trauma that gave me this huge desire to go out there and explore things".
https://www.forces.net/stories/ex-soldier-ed-stafford-being-adopted-made-me-adventurous
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=homelessness
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=homelessness+documentary
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=49+Days+On+The+Streets
Love & Drugs On The Streets
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL64ScZt2I7wFmdN9SeOsEHe-0Uw7HRGYf
The Young and Homeless
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL64ScZt2I7wECxwAlrJZ8qaZk7m8pZSus
Thử thách sinh tồn
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL_1EU_ekDc4ULI3WoIoeM_GtnLSyJvp4F
BLACK MARKET with Michael K. Williams
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1340145731790/cocaine-britains-epidemic-britains-cocaine-epidemic
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1350182979698/cocaine-britains-epidemic-cocaine-teen-dealers
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1351065667719/cocaine-britains-epidemic-cocaine-cant-stop-using
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/filthy-rich-and-homeless
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Simple_Life
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paris_Hilton
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicole_Richie
Vagrancy is the condition of homelessness without regular employment or income. Vagrants usually live in poverty and support themselves by begging, garbage scraping, petty theft, temporary work, or welfare (where available).
Historically, vagrancy in Western societies was associated with petty crime, begging and lawlessness, and punishable by law by forced labor, forced military service, imprisonment, or confinement to dedicated labor houses.
A person who experiences this condition may be referred to as a vagrant, vagabond, rogue, tramp or drifter.[1]
Both vagrant and vagabond ultimately derive from the Latin word vagari, meaning "wander". The term vagabond is derived from Latin vagabundus. In Middle English, vagabond originally denoted a person without a home or employment.[2]
In modern societies, anti-homelessness legislation aims to both help and re-house homeless people on one side, and criminalize homelessness and begging on the other.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagrancy
Homelessness is defined as living in housing that is below the minimum standard or lacks secure tenure. People can be categorized as homeless if they are: living on the streets (primary homelessness); moving between temporary shelters, including houses of friends, family and emergency accommodation (secondary homelessness); living in private boarding houses without a private bathroom or security of tenure (tertiary homelessness).[1] The legal definition of homeless varies from country to country, or among different jurisdictions in the same country or region.[2] According to the UK homelessness charity Crisis, a home is not just a physical space: it also provides roots, identity, security, a sense of belonging and a place of emotional wellbeing.[3] United States government homeless enumeration studies[4][5] also include people who sleep in a public or private place not designed for use as a regular sleeping accommodation for human beings.[6][7]People who are homeless are most often unable to acquire and maintain regular, safe, secure and adequate housing due to an unsteady or lack of income. Homelessness and poverty are interrelated.[1] There is no methodological consent on counting the homeless and identifying their special needs; thus in most cities only estimated homeless populations are known.[8]
In 2005, an estimated 100 million (1 in 65 at the time) people worldwide were homeless and as many as 1 billion people live as squatters, refugees or in temporary shelter, all lacking adequate housing.[9][10][11] Historically in the Western countries, the majority of homeless have been men (50–80%), with single males particularly overrepresented.[12][13][14] In 2015, the United States reported that there were 564,708 homeless people within its borders, one of the higher reported figures worldwide.[15] These figures are likely underestimates as surveillance for the homeless population is challenging.
When compared to the general population, people who are homeless experience higher rates of adverse physical and mental health outcomes. Chronic disease severity, respiratory conditions, rates of mental health illnesses and substance use are all often greater in homeless populations than the general population.[16][17] Homelessness is also associated with a high risk of suicide attempts.[18] People experiencing homelessness have limited access to resources and are often disengaged from health services, making them that much more susceptible to extreme weather events (e.g., extreme cold or heat) and ozone levels. These disparities often result in increased morbidity and mortality in the homeless population.
There are a number of organizations who provide help for the homeless.[19] Most countries provide a variety of services to assist homeless people. These services often provide food, shelter (beds) and clothing and may be organized and run by community organizations (often with the help of volunteers) or by government departments or agencies. These programs may be supported by the government, charities, churches and individual donors. Many cities also have street newspapers, which are publications designed to provide employment opportunity to homeless people. While some homeless have jobs, some must seek other methods to make a living. Begging or panhandling is one option, but is becoming increasingly illegal in many cities. People who are homeless may have additional conditions, such as physical or mental health issues or substance addiction; these issues make resolving homelessness a challenging policy issue.
Homeless people, and homeless organizations, are sometimes accused or convicted of fraudulent behavior. Criminals are also known to exploit homeless people, ranging from identity theft to tax and welfare scams.[20][21][22] These incidents often lead to negative connotations on the homeless as a group.[23][24]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homelessness
homeless people deliberately get themselves thrown into prison
https://www.businessinsider.com/jail-getting-arrested-deliberately-2018-3
https://www.cbsnews.com/news/hungry-homeless-man-gets-arrested-intentionally/
https://theconversation.com/homeless-more-than-a-third-of-people-leaving-prison-say-they-have-nowhere-to-go-124948
https://www.quora.com/Why-dont-homeless-people-just-go-to-jail-for-food-and-shelter
https://www.theguardian.com/society/2010/dec/23/homeless-committing-crimes-for-shelter
https://www.vice.com/en_us/article/4agyzq/a-homeless-mississippi-man-got-himself-arrested-just-so-hed-have-a-warm-place-to-sleep
- these homeless experiments seem to be becoming more common. A few days or weeks doesn't permanently change you? 1/3 homeless have mental disorders. Some issues caused by homelessness itself. This is ugly side of socio-economic systems without a conscious? Not enough support so how do you get out this problem? People having to choose between swapping sex for shelter or sleeping rough. Salvation Army says 1/3 people give money to beggars. This policy of no prostitution or crime under any circumstances has always bothered me and religious hardliners. If the system has failed then you're implying that people should starve or die in spite of people doing nothing wrong?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/filthy-rich-and-homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/back-in-the-soviet-bloc
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1457797187743/back-in-the-soviet-bloc-stalin-gymnastics-and-discotheques
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/966601795979/filthy-rich-and-homeless
1/3 rough sleepers are women. 10 year waiting list for public housing. Compounding effect on display. Volunteer/bartar work. Bad experiences in public shelters possible. Before this little thought or empathy. Religious groups and charities looking after people. Very similar way of life at opposite ends of life. Council is becoming less sympathetic to homeless people who leave stuff around. Money and public housing won't fix the problem. 1/2 of rough sleepers are on drugs/alchohol. 2/3 develop problem after homelessness. Trauma of homelessness difficult to fix. Complex issue to fix. Only 7K crisis accomodation. Average 6 weeks until they can figure something out. Each day almost 300 requests for help turned down. About 15 requests for each room in a crisis centre. Allowed to take drugs and smokes in a crisis centre. 1/3 people in crisis centres are women/children escaping domestic violence. Live short term rather then long term. Most men in crisis centres have drug, alchohol, criminal, mental, issues.
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/967522371677/filthy-rich-and-homeless
1/3 homeless people are treated in emergency department each year. Drugs and alchohol are used to numb themselves. No one chooses homelessness and no one to blame for it? More then 6000 young homeless in Victoria and 109 crisis accomodation beds. Theme of compounding problems. Childhood, employment, abuse, etc... Rooming and boarding houses, squats, and streets are bottom of the of the rung for housing issues. Violence common in these places. Always lock doors and windows for safety. People steal stuff commonly. Every door has been kicked in and there is no escape via windows so you need to jam the door. ~1K young Australians sleep rough/streets each night. Estimated ~2K people squatting in Australia? ~80K empty residential properties. ~25K homeless people according to official statistics, unofficial unkown. You can squat up until you're told to vacate. Many of these properties have open doors/windows and no one looking after them? Dumpster diving laws vague. That said, taking stuff from locked bins on private property not legal.
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/968455747601/filthy-rich-and-homeless
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/is-society-filtering-for-fairnessmerit.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/11/a-sea-of-fakery-random-stuff-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/09/thinking-like-political-elite-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/news-vix-script-jim-simonsed-thorp.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/mental-illness-and-human-mind-control.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/01/capitalism-analysis-religion-23-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=homelessness+documentary
- I've obviously been thinking about how/whether it's possible to fix any of this? The religions were supposed to be able to do this but they didn't. Moreover, it's obvious that religions have lost much of their credibility due to all sorts of problems (in reality, most people don't want to act like Ned Flanders?)? Religions thought that if they followed the life of particular people in particular they would become like them (Jesus for Christianity, Muhammad for Islam, Buddha for Buddhism, Judaism/Hinduism have multiple people/entities involved so there is not pinpoint path, etc...)? It's obvious that many are going through the motions and does not always produce the results that people want? If you're not genuinely having to deal with homelessness, hunger, fear, etc... as you grow up it results in "narrow minds and personalities" that are less able to deal with individual and collective problems?
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1461716547860/christians-like-us
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/video/1465816131750/christians-like-us
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohingya_people
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uyghurs
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2020-06-01/new-national-inquiry-into-domestic-violence/12307772
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=jesuit
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_of_Jesus
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/06/religious-conspiracies-is-capitalism.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/conspiracy-theories-understanding.html
https://www.dw.com/en/polish-priests-defy-bishop-amid-pedophilia-scandal/a-53634347
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+young+pope
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+new+pope
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/the-young-pope
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/the-new-pope
The Young Pope – Dussolier Bids Farewell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDWMckhhejw
The New Pope (2020) - I would like a pope...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eF__em-Qyw0
The Young Pope – The Pool Prayer Scene
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKt_Lp9B-tg
The young pope - 'Not him, me' (episode 3 - opening)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IsQ7Tt_2hOo
The Young Pope - Pope's Confession
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QUhu3X0uVq4
The Young Pope PRAYER
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mbPdLAMtQYc
Cardinal Assente's dance (The New Pope)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tcBxLNUwMAc
The New Pope | HBO
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO79iP69FaZOWRI88eUfoqyS5X3yun5CS
The Young Pope | HBO
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLO79iP69FaZP3Sa9j73Ak5rvaHlJT6MYr
sex abuse by religion
Archaeology has uncovered physical evidence of child sacrifice at several locations.[12] Some of the best attested examples are the diverse rites which were part of the religious practices in Mesoamerica and the Inca Empire.[13][14][15] Psychologists Alice Miller and Robert Godwin, psychohistorian Lloyd deMause and other advocates of children's rights have written about pre-Columbian sacrifice within the framework of child abuse.[16][17][18]
Plutarch (c.46–120 AD) mentions the Carthaginian's ritual burning of small children, as do Tertullian, Orosius, Diodorus Siculus and Philo. Livy and Polybius do not. The Hebrew Bible also mentions what appears to be child sacrifice practised at a place called the Tophet (roasting place) by the Canaanites, and by some Israelites.[19]
Children were thrown to the sharks in ancient Hawaii.[20]
Sacrificial victims were often infants. "The slaughtering of newborn babies may be considered a common event in many cultures" including the Eskimo, the Polynesians, the Ancient Egyptians, the Chinese, the Scandinavians, and various indigenous peoples of Africa, the Americas and Australia.[21]
...
Artificial deformation of the skull predates written history and dates back as far as 45,000 BCE, as evidenced by two Neanderthal skulls found in Shanidar Cave.[22] It was usually started just after birth and continued until the desired shape was achieved. It may have played a key role in Egyptian and Mayan societies.[23]
In China some boys were castrated, with both the penis and scrotum cut.[24] Other ritual actions have been described by anthropologists. Géza Róheim wrote about initiation rituals performed by Australian natives in which adolescent initiates were forced to drink blood.[25] Ritual rape of young virgins have been part of shamanistic practices.[26]
...
In some tribes rituals of Papua New Guinea, an elder "picks out a sharp stick of cane and sticks it deep inside a boy's nostrils until he bleeds profusely into the stream of a pool, an act greeted by loud war cries."[27] Afterwards, when boys are initiated into puberty and manhood, they are expected to perform fellatio on the elders. "Not all initiates will participate in this ceremonial homosexual activity but, about five days later, several will have to perform fellatio several times."[27]
Ritual murders are committed in Brazil,[28] the USA,[29] Mexico[30] (Adolfo Constanzo case), Singapore (See Toa Payoh ritual murders) and Uganda.[31]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religious_abuse
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=filthy+rich+and+homeless
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/filthy-rich-and-homeless
Rich Kids | Channel 5
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLN-GuLUgIqK0Yc2qAdi9kVug7hh5woDQV
Good Will Hunting - You're just a kid
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dEIQSbul9Os
matt damon good will hunting is she right for you quote
“So if I asked you about art, you'd probably give me the skinny on every art book ever written. Michelangelo, you know a lot about him. Life's work, political aspirations, him and the pope, sexual orientations, the whole works, right? But I'll bet you can't tell me what it smells like in the Sistine Chapel. You've never actually stood there and looked up at that beautiful ceiling; seen that. If I ask you about women, you'd probably give me a syllabus about your personal favorites. You may have even been laid a few times. But you can't tell me what it feels like to wake up next to a woman and feel truly happy. You're a tough kid. And I'd ask you about war, you'd probably throw Shakespeare at me, right, "once more unto the breach dear friends." But you've never been near one. You've never held your best friend's head in your lap, watch him gasp his last breath looking to you for help. I'd ask you about love, you'd probably quote me a sonnet. But you've never looked at a woman and been totally vulnerable. Known someone that could level you with her eyes, feeling like God put an angel on earth just for you. Who could rescue you from the depths of hell. And you wouldn't know what it's like to be her angel, to have that love for her, be there forever, through anything, through cancer. And you wouldn't know about sleeping sitting up in the hospital room for two months, holding her hand, because the doctors could see in your eyes, that the terms "visiting hours" don't apply to you. You don't know about real loss, 'cause it only occurs when you've loved something more than you love yourself. And I doubt you've ever dared to love anybody that much. And look at you... I don't see an intelligent, confident man... I see a cocky, scared shitless kid. But you're a genius Will. No one denies that. No one could possibly understand the depths of you. But you presume to know everything about me because you saw a painting of mine, and you ripped my fucking life apart. You're an orphan right?
[Will nods]
Sean: You think I know the first thing about how hard your life has been, how you feel, who you are, because I read Oliver Twist? Does that encapsulate you? Personally... I don't give a shit about all that, because you know what, I can't learn anything from you, I can't read in some fuckin' book. Unless you want to talk about you, who you are. Then I'm fascinated. I'm in. But you don't want to do that do you sport? You're terrified of what you might say. Your move, chief.”
― Ben Affleck, Good Will Hunting
https://www.goodreads.com/work/quotes/183901-good-will-hunting-a-screenplay
https://screenrant.com/good-will-hunting-best-quotes/
https://www.quotes.net/movies/good_will_hunting_4668
https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Good_Will_Hunting
total staff us state department
Jurisdiction U.S. federal government
Headquarters Harry S Truman Building 2201 C Street Northwest, Washington, D.C., U.S. 38°53′39″N 77°2′54″W
Employees 13,000 Foreign Service employees 11,000 Civil Service employees 45,000 local employees
Annual budget $52.404 billion (FY 2018)
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State
us state department demographics
http://www.afsa.org/foreign-service-statistics
When Naomi Walcott joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 2005, she was “delighted” to find a new class of officers that was diverse “in every possible meaning of the word: age, religion, ethnic and educational background.” To a lesser extent, she also found a diverse group at her first overseas post in Honduras. But when Walcott, a Japanese-American, arrived at the embassy in Tokyo in 2008, she was shocked to find a predominantly white male U.S. staff. “I was one of very few female officers,” she said. “I went through a bit of an existential crisis of wondering if this job was really for me, and whether there was a place for me in this organization.”
After over a decade into what the State Department says has been a dedicated effort to make the Foreign Service “look more like America,” it has found itself on the defensive in recent days, following criticism by Susan Rice, President Barack Obama’s national security adviser, about the lack of diversity among America’s diplomats and the rest of the foreign policy workforce. “In the halls of power, in the faces of our national security leaders, America is still not truly reflected,” Rice said in a commencement address at Florida International University in Miami on May 11, borrowing former Sen. Bob Graham’s description of the career services as “white, male, and Yale.” Diverse backgrounds produce leaders able to “come up with more creative insights, proffer alternative solutions, and thus make better decisions,” she said.
Although Walcott’s informal survey among colleagues at other posts — as well as at the embassy in Togo, where she went after Tokyo — revealed a less depressing picture than in Japan, official statistics depict a Foreign Service that is far from diverse. The latest figures provided by the State Department show that nearly 82 percent of career diplomats are white and almost 60 percent are male. According to the 2010 census, 72 percent of Americans are white and 49 percent are men.
...
When Naomi Walcott joined the U.S. Foreign Service in 2005, she was “delighted” to find a new class of officers that was diverse “in every possible meaning of the word: age, religion, ethnic and educational background.” To a lesser extent, she also found a diverse group at her first overseas post in Honduras. But when Walcott, a Japanese-American, arrived at the embassy in Tokyo in 2008, she was shocked to find a predominantly white male U.S. staff. “I was one of very few female officers,” she said. “I went through a bit of an existential crisis of wondering if this job was really for me, and whether there was a place for me in this organization.”
After over a decade into what the State Department says has been a dedicated effort to make the Foreign Service “look more like America,” it has found itself on the defensive in recent days, following criticism by Susan Rice, President Barack Obama’s national security adviser, about the lack of diversity among America’s diplomats and the rest of the foreign policy workforce. “In the halls of power, in the faces of our national security leaders, America is still not truly reflected,” Rice said in a commencement address at Florida International University in Miami on May 11, borrowing former Sen. Bob Graham’s description of the career services as “white, male, and Yale.” Diverse backgrounds produce leaders able to “come up with more creative insights, proffer alternative solutions, and thus make better decisions,” she said.
Although Walcott’s informal survey among colleagues at other posts — as well as at the embassy in Togo, where she went after Tokyo — revealed a less depressing picture than in Japan, official statistics depict a Foreign Service that is far from diverse. The latest figures provided by the State Department show that nearly 82 percent of career diplomats are white and almost 60 percent are male. According to the 2010 census, 72 percent of Americans are white and 49 percent are men.
https://foreignpolicy.com/2016/05/22/state-department-race-gender-diversity-susan-rice-kerry/
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=ned+flanders+funny
Best of Rod and Todd Flanders - The Simpsons
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZFidm1oBK-E
Homer vs Flanders - Simpsons Try Not To Laugh Challenge
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fw-B7UeJ1kU
The Best of Ned Flanders
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cIsCoEDyTEQ
The Simpsons - Best Of Ned Flanders
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ySAKzgM1KbY
The Simpsons -Ned Flanders!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=13eUJhdYMzg
caste equivalent systems
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_caste
https://theconversation.com/does-america-have-a-caste-system-89118
Caste is also always hierarchical: As long as it exists, so does the division of people into “high” and “low.” That distinguishes it from race, in that people in a caste system cannot dream of equality.
It’s significant that the great mid-20th-century Indian reformer B. R. Ambedkar called not for learning to “live together as brothers and sisters,” as Martin Luther King Jr. did, but for the very “annihilation of caste.”
Caste, in other words, is societal difference made timeless, inevitable and cureless. Caste says to its subjects, “You all are different and unequal and fated to remain so.”
Neither race nor class nor race and class combined can so efficiently encapsulate the kind of of social hierarchy, prejudice and inequality that marginalized Americans experience.
https://www.brookings.edu/blog/social-mobility-memos/2016/02/19/a-college-degree-is-worth-less-if-you-are-raised-poor/
pilgrimage to mecca road to heaven
https://www.forbes.com/sites/ranawehbe/2017/08/29/hajj-the-annual-muslim-pilgrimage-to-mecca-explained/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hajj
https://www.allaboutreligion.org/the-road-to-heaven.htm
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=hajj
does saudi arabia profit hajj
https://www.quora.com/Does-the-Kingdom-of-Saudi-Arabia-make-profit-from-the-Hajj-or-not?share=1
The economics of Hajj: Money and pilgrimage
https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-20067809
https://www.rt.com/business/337135-saudi-hajj-revenues-oil/
jesus leave everything and follow me disciples
Matthew 19:21 ESV / 630 helpful votes
Jesus said to him, “If you would be perfect, go, sell what you possess and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.”
Luke 14:33 ESV / 539 helpful votes
So therefore, any one of you who does not renounce all that he has cannot be my disciple.
Luke 9:23 ESV / 516 helpful votes
And he said to all, “If anyone would come after me, let him deny himself and take up his cross daily and follow me.
Mark 10:21 ESV / 441 helpful votes
And Jesus, looking at him, loved him, and said to him, “You lack one thing: go, sell all that you have and give to the poor, and you will have treasure in heaven; and come, follow me.”
https://www.openbible.info/topics/giving_up_everything_to_follow_jesus
http://www.jesuswalk.com/lessons/18_24-34.htm
https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Luke+14%3A25-27&version=ERV
- the religions and people interested in this area understand the importance of PSYOPS. For those with good intentions, they'd attempt to protect people from bad influences (such as demonic or Satanic figures) while those with more selfish desires have used it to manipulate people to get what they want. To understand how much of an impact external influences can change people watch as babies grow into toddlers, toddlers become teenagers, teenagers become adults, adults become the elderly? Babies/toddlers don't really know anything but you'll notice that those who are abused will try to abuse/hurt others? You'll note that they'll mimick whatever that they see so if you let them watch Humphrey Bear, Bugs Bunny, Cookie Monster, Telly Tubbies, Kylie Mole, Barney the Dinosaur, etc... they'll start acting like them. Teenagers don't know about what gang life is like so in the beginning they think it's a cool thing until things get deeper and become more real until they're neck deep and in trouble. Adults often become obsessed with particular characters, music, culture, sports, etc... If you know about the world of intelligence and counter-intelligence (PSYOPS and hybrid warfare in particular) you'll realise that the brain patterns ingrained in adults is incredibly difficult to break but very much possible. That said, in the West they believe that semi-free speech is a good thing so everybody sees the good and bad but also means that there can be some bad influences. The lesson is that if you're a lazy parent and don't want to get your kid acting like a bad role model you should try to shield them against that particular "threat" or else find a way to teach them why they should choose to go with a supposed "good side"
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/12/mental-illness-and-human-mind-control.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=setanta+sports+ameobi+obsession
Dave loves Ameobi
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H-o3d4W5p0I
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teletubbies
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barney_%26_Friends
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=last+chance+high
Last Chance High
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLw613M86o5o6Aj8MXuh9GK5ZooRpLMGBp
Behind the gates of Australia’s ‘last chance’ school | Australian Story
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cnc9ObCxwwg
The Young Pope – Dussolier Bids Farewell
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WDWMckhhejw
And now it's time for me to bid you all farewell. I should have done it before, but the Holy Father kept me in Rome so I could begin work on my new responsibilities. I beg your pardon for only coming back here after nine months to... to say goodbye and turn right around and head back to Rome. But before I leave, I'd like to introduce you to the new bishop of San Pedro Sula, Monsignor Jorge Aguero. I know Monsignor Aguero very well. He's a hero. From this pulpit he will shout at you to forsake evil, to fight against the gangs, to say no to death, to violence and the narcotrafficking that infests Honduras. He will refuse to give communion to crime bosses and he will refuse to perform weddings for their daughters. Yes, he will do all the things that I have failed to do. Yes, because I'm not a hero. Because... I'm afraid. Like you. Perhaps that is why you have loved me, just a little. No? Because I didn't make you uncomfortable. I never asked you to choose. I never blackmailed you by saying that in order to be good Christians you had to let yourselves be murdered by the henchmen of the drug cartels. I loved you for the way you were... not for the way you ought to be. Now I bid you farewell. I'm going to Rome. But that's not going home for me. I want you to know that, as far as I'm concerned, Honduras is and always will be my home.
free speech
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_speech_by_country
Humphrey B Bear Theme Song
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmX2JzTdJrE
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=humphrey+b+bear
Classic Sesame Street - If Moon Was Cookie
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-3U3Sby4zko
The Muppet Show - Rowlf - 'What a Wonderful World'
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i0Q-NJKt-pc
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=kylie+mole
Kylie Mole _ The Comedy Company
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rpqFWkB1_bw
Kylie Mole, Kylie Minogue - Goin' Back To School Again (The Commedy Company, 1988, 1989)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-L3Yed-HHE
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=alf+alien
Alf meets grandma
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xkWoNUe_uow
The best Of ALF (English)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MaydcVBdesU
Alf Tv opening theme
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yhFE4oxig04
My Top 10 Favorite Funny Moments of ALF
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FEGw_XdCnl0
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=alf+eating+cat
Alf Attempts To Eat A Cat
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Hgx-Qa8DXDE
ALF Hilarious Moments!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P770mOTBkDI
https://www.sbs.com.au/ondemand/program/last-chance-high
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/11/a-sea-of-fakery-random-stuff-and-more.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/09/thinking-like-political-elite-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/03/social-media-bot-coding-notes-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/07/comparing-icos-random-stuff-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/07/online-marketing-and-sales-notes-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/07/neuroscience-in-psyops-world-order.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/05/more-psyops-social-systems-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/04/more-psyops-random-thoughts-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/04/hybrid-warfare-more-psyops-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/03/psychological-warfaremind-control-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2015/12/understanding-propaganda-us-anti-war.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/03/whitepaper-examine-script-random-stuff.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/04/news-feed-bias-checker-random-stuff-and.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/04/news-bias-checker-2-random-stuff-and.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/05/news-homepage-bias-check-random-stuff.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2017/08/the-big-5-us-it-firms-arent-unbeatable.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/the-occupy-movement-veterans-for-peace.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/anonymous-group-random-thoughts-and-more.html
- I didn't realise how closely linked all of individuals, group, global and national problems were. Basically, it's like giant see-saw/Jenga tower with a strong top down structure across most countries with the US/West at the top of the international structure. If you move thing at one point it causes a cascade/chaos type effect elsewhere? People run drugs from the South to the North of US and over the border between Mexico/US due to regulatory/legal gun laws, run food and contraband into Gaza and West Bank because of Israeli and Egyptian blockades, run fuel into Columbia from Venezuela because of the price difference, sell drugs and run illegal casinos to make ends meet, etc... If people can't make money they resort to crime. This seems to occur at a national/international level as well? If you to map all of the threat variables globally it would be rediculously complex (insert historical issues it becomes difficult to see any way out of it even if you can see a possible way forward?). It's almost futile to try to fix this at an individual to individual or national to national level? There has to be a global desire to converge on some basic rules and targets for things to work out so that there aren't arbitrage opportunities within the system? I've obviously been thinking of more complex AI/ML that can deal with this but it's slow going because I have other work and it's a complex issue to think about. It will be simple and difficult but I basically want it to think around the clock about various problems that are of interest but it will still be possible to run on a compact desktop computer. It's easy to see see why/how the Threat Matrix for some countries could be extremely high?
threat matrix
The Threat Matrix is an intelligence-based measure and thorough assessments database program that Pakistani government officials and military science circles use in evaluating perceived external and internal threats that challenge the national security of Pakistan.[1] Development began in 2011 under the government of Prime minister Yousaf Raza Gillani. The program identifies the military's operational priorities and goes beyond in comprehensively describing both existential and non-existential threats to the country. The Threat Matrix program is viewed to become a permanent fixture of the national security policy of Pakistan.[2]
The database's comprehensive existence was revealed by political scientist Dr. Farrukh Saleem in his work published in The News International in 2013, but it was earlier mentioned by the ISPR in a press briefing given to media. In his published thesis Saleem critically opined that the source of all existential threats has always been a state actor(s), not a non-state on, the armed forces.[1]
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Threat_Matrix_(database)
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/things-spies-have-stolen-random-stuff.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/04/what-happened-to-escaped-nazis-random.html
de-radicalised time period
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radicalization
when do short term become long term unemployed
That means the number of long-term unemployed is probably under-counted. Most people become discouraged and drop out of the labor force after six months.
https://www.thebalance.com/long-term-unemployment-what-it-is-causes-and-effects-3305518
How long is too long for unemployed?
There is a downside to being unemployed for 9 months or more, and that downside encompasses both low and medium-skilled positions. According to the study's results, once you've been unemployed for longer than 9 months, you can expect a significant drop-off in interview requests.
https://www.zipjob.com/blog/being-unemployed-how-long/
https://www.aph.gov.au/About_Parliament/Parliamentary_Departments/Parliamentary_Library/pubs/rp/rp1819/Quick_Guides/LTUnemployed
Australia is on average spending less than half of what similar countries spend on employment services, just as the number of Newstart recipients who have been on the payment for more than five years hits 15%, a new report says.
Amid continued debate about the rate of the Newstart payment, Faces of Unemployment, released on Friday by the Australian Council of Social Service (Acoss) and Jobs Australia, finds the nation’s cohort of long-term unemployed has surged since the early 1990s.
“This is a serious, and long-standing, policy failure,” the report said. “A majority of unemployed people are systematically excluded from paid employment. As people become unemployed for longer periods, their job prospects sharply diminish.”
The report laid the blame, in part, on overall government spending on employment services, which was “less than half the OECD average level, and the eighth lowest of 30 OECD countries”. That was combined with activity requirements for jobseekers that were “among the strictest in the OECD”.
And while 45% of the long-term unemployed people who accessed the government’s employment service program Jobactive were able to find a job in three months in 2016-17, 62% of those positions were part time and 38% were casual, the report said.
Warning that “high rates of long-term unemployment” were “becoming entrenched”, the report also provides the first profile of those considered long-term Newstart and Youth Allowance recipients, meaning they’ve received the payments for more than a year.
https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/sep/14/australia-failing-to-help-long-term-unemployed-report-finds
lamb of god you take away the sins of the world
The Fractio panis rite at which the Agnus Dei is sung or said
Agnus Dei is the Latin name under which the "Lamb of God" is honored within the Roman Catholic Mass and, by extension, other Christian liturgies descending from the Latin tradition. It is the name given to a specific prayer that occurs in these liturgies, and is the name given to the music pieces that accompany the text of this prayer.[1][2]
13th century ivory carving, Louvre.
The use of the title "Lamb of God" in liturgy is based on John 1:29, in which St. John the Baptist, upon seeing Jesus, proclaims "Behold, the Lamb of God, who takes away the sin of the world!"
...
Latin
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, miserere nobis.
Agnus Dei, qui tollis peccata mundi, dona nobis pacem.
English[6]:130
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us.
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, have mercy upon us.
Lamb of God, who takes away the sins of the world, grant us peace.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agnus_Dei
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=the+young+pope+swimming+pool+prayer
The Young Pope – The Pool Prayer Scene
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AKt_Lp9B-tg
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=help+me+help+you
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=jerry+mcguire+help+me+help+you
Help Me Help You - Jerry Maguire (4/8) Movie CLIP (1996) HD
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l1B1_jQnlFk
Help me help you Jerry Maguire
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mzfc9rjow9g
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/education-or-indoctrination-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/05/mexican-drug-cartel-background-random.html
http://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/03/religion-vs-uswestern-leadership-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2020/02/is-society-filtering-for-fairnessmerit.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2019/09/thinking-like-political-elite-random.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2018/01/capitalism-analysis-religion-23-and-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/05/is-western-leadership-required-more.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/08/neo-colonialism-and-neo-liberalism.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/06/religious-conspiracies-is-capitalism.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/01/conspiracy-theories-understanding.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/07/social-engineeringmanipulation-rigging.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/07/neuroscience-in-psyops-world-order.html
https://dtbnguyen.blogspot.com/2016/02/shadow-government-key-players-and-more.html

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Random Quotes:
- Q: What about public debt, which is soaring as a result of this pandemic – won’t governments be forced to act to rein that in?
Yes, that’s likely. When you get to a very high level of public debt, as our European nations and the US have, you need to find unorthodox solutions because repayment is simply too crippling and slow. History offers us plenty of examples of this. In the 19th century, when Britain had to repay its debts from the Napoleonic period, it essentially taxed the lower and middle classes to repay upper-class bondholders. This worked because, at least at the beginning of the 19th century, only rich people could vote.
Today, I don’t think it would work … Following the second world war, on the other hand, Germany and Japan found a different and, to my mind, better solution. They temporarily taxed the wealthy. It worked very well, allowing them to start reconstruction from the mid-1950s without any public debt. Necessity makes you inventive. It could be that to save the eurozone, for example, the European Central Bank will need to take responsibility for a bigger share of member states’ debt. We’ll see.
- Ancient Greek philosophy arose in the 6th century BC and continued throughout the Hellenistic period and the period in which Greece and most Greek-inhabited lands were part of the Roman Empire. Philosophy was used to make sense out of the world in a non-religious way. It dealt with a wide variety of subjects, including astronomy, mathematics, political philosophy, ethics, metaphysics, ontology, logic, biology, rhetoric and aesthetics.[1]
Greek philosophy has influenced much of Western culture since its inception. Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "The safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato".[2] Clear, unbroken lines of influence lead from ancient Greek and Hellenistic philosophers to Roman Philosophy, Early Islamic philosophy, Medieval Scholasticism, the European Renaissance and the Age of Enlightenment.[3]
Greek philosophy was influenced to some extent by the older wisdom literature and mythological cosmogonies of the ancient Near East, though the extent of this influence is debated. The classicist Martin Litchfield West states, "contact with oriental cosmology and theology helped to liberate the early Greek philosophers' imagination; it certainly gave them many suggestive ideas. But they taught themselves to reason. Philosophy as we understand it is a Greek creation".[4]
Subsequent philosophic tradition was so influenced by Socrates as presented by Plato that it is conventional to refer to philosophy developed prior to Socrates as pre-Socratic philosophy. The periods following this, up to and after the wars of Alexander the Great, are those of "classical Greek" and "Hellenistic" philosophy.
- “The capitalist class, those who benefit most from the unequal system, they know it’s not sustainable,” she said. “They’re desperate not to stay locked down too long, so people get used to fresh air, breathing air without carbon in it,” she said. “People might get ideas of a different kind of world.”
- "Consumer demand is becoming increasingly polarised, with shoppers seeking either ultra-low-cost or high-quality, ethically made goods," IBISWorld senior industry analyst Daisy Feller said.
"Target's mid-market position has failed to appeal to either of these types of shoppers."
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Market Consolidation/Neo-Feudalism, Random Stuff, and More

- it never occured to me until recently how consolidated things in the world were in the global market place. In this post we'll take a ...